A seed can change a world, and a technology can create a miracle. Variety, as the internal determinant of crop production, plays an important role in the development of service industry and increasing farmers’ income. Without good varieties, there will be no industries with strong vitality, and there will be no way for hundreds of millions of farmers to get rich. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader quoted agricultural proverbs to emphasize the important role of varieties, saying, "A good son should be a good mother, plant more crops" and "If you don’t choose seeds, you will be exhausted". Since the founding of New China, with the joint efforts of the broad masses of agricultural workers, the breeding and promotion of crop varieties has continuously made new breakthroughs and stepped onto a new level. Especially since the 18th National Congress, the seed industry has deepened the reform of the system and mechanism around the goal of building a modern seed industry and serving the structural reform of the supply side of agriculture, and the variety innovation has achieved remarkable results, showing a good momentum of vigorous development.
First, from eating well to eating well, the breeding and popularization of crop varieties have made important contributions.
China’s crop breeding technology has gone through the development stages of excellent farm variety screening, dwarf breeding, heterosis utilization and biotechnology, and produced new crop varieties.More than 55,000, realizedseven～eightSub-new varieties have been upgraded on a large scale, and a number of breakthrough and excellent new varieties have been popularized, which has made important contributions to securing Chinese’s rice bowl and meeting people’s growing consumer demand.
First, the variety of staple crops has been continuously improved from heavy high yield to high quality.Rice from dwarf revolution to three-line matching to two-line matching, from indica superior63 to series super rice, wheat from Taishan and Xiaoyan to Zhoumai, Young Mai, Zhengmai, Jimai and other series varieties, corn from conventional to hybrid, from single.2No. to the list13, from xundantwentyDaozhengdan958The varieties are constantly updated and the output is constantly improved. The varieties represented by hybrid rice, compact corn and high-quality special wheat have broken through and promoted the growth of total grain output.116%, yield increase.123%. To meet the new requirements of upgrading consumption structure, a major breakthrough will be achieved in variety breeding.66Zeyu8911Such as corn varieties, to fill the gap of corn harvesting in China; Jiyu86Medium yellow301The yield per mu of new soybean varieties exceeds300Kilogram; A number of new wheat varieties have the advantages of scab resistance and water saving. The high quality rate of newly bred rice varieties accounts for45%A large number of rice varieties with high yield, good quality and good taste have emerged, which can be compared with Japanese Yuzhao Yueguang and Thai fragrant rice. The large-scale promotion of green and high-quality varieties has effectively promoted agricultural transformation and upgrading and high-quality development.
Second, the varieties of small miscellaneous crops are constantly enriched from singleness to diversification.In recent years, local native products and small varieties have been made into large industries to increase farmers’ income around making them bigger and stronger with advantageous characteristics.In 2017, the implementation of the registration system for non-major crop varieties will be launched.29The inclusion of non-major crops in the registration scope further stimulated the market vitality and released the power of scientific research, and the development of non-major crop seed industry achieved fruitful results. by2019yearsevenAt the end of the month, the whole country29The number of registered crop varieties registered has reached.24593A. Among them, peppers, Chinese cabbage, tomatoes and other vegetable varieties.16643A, accounting for68%; Oilseeds such as rape, peanuts and sunflowers are4805Varieties, accounting for20%; Sorghum, millet, sweet potato and other miscellaneous grains2260Registration of fruit trees and sugar varietieseight hundredMore than one. Among these registered varieties, China’s self-selected varieties account for.91%. Through variety registration, while attaching importance to the breeding and promotion of large-scale crop varieties, efforts are made to promote the rapid development of small-scale crop varieties, showing a new situation in which large-scale and small-scale crops go hand in hand and develop harmoniously, so as to better meet people’s diversified, personalized and high-quality consumption needs.
Third, the basis of variety breeding has been continuously improved from external introduction to internal self-improvement.China’s variety breeding started late, mainly planting farm species in the early stage. After the introduction of foreign germplasm resources and hybridization breeding methods into China, it gradually promoted China’s crop variety breeding. After decades of development, China’s seed industry’s independent innovation ability has been comprehensively improved, and a large number of high-level achievements have emerged in germplasm resources, original innovation, breeding methods and materials creation, new variety breeding and patents. New crop germplasm resourcesMore than 13,000 copies, a number of excellent germplasm with outstanding resistance to rice sheath blight, wheat scab and maize rough dwarf disease were identified, and a number of important functional genes were discovered; Advanced technologies such as haploid and gene editing have gone out of the laboratory and been widely used in scientific research units and seed enterprises, greatly improving the efficiency of crop variety cultivation.
Second, from eating well to eating well, the experience of crop variety breeding and promotion is worth summarizing.
70In recent years, China’s crop seed industry has made great progress from small to large, from weak to strong, from seed to seed industry, from ensuring production to ensuring supply, and its experience is precious.
First, focus on building a market-oriented, enterprise-oriented, government-supported and Industry-University-Research-government-integrated seed industry innovation system with China characteristics.By strengthening the protection and utilization of germplasm resources, consolidate the genetic foundation of breeding innovation; Strengthen basic theoretical research and subversive technological breakthroughs, and obtain a number of patents for major scientific research achievements; Give full play to the decisive role of the market in allocating resources, support superior seed enterprises to become bigger and stronger, specialize in fine and differentiated development, and form a seed enterprise cluster with reasonable layout and unique characteristics; Promote the reform of the rights and interests of scientific research achievements in seed industry, innovate the system and mechanism, stimulate the enthusiasm of scientific researchers and enterprises for innovation, promote the deep integration of science and enterprises, open up the innovation chain in the upper, middle and lower reaches, form an innovation model integrating the whole industry chain, and accelerate the cultivation and promotion of new varieties with high and stable yield, green ecology, high quality and special use, and suitable for full mechanization.
Second, efforts should be made to build a modern seed industry governance system with perfect legal system, strong supervision and streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services.The rule of law construction in seed industry has been improved from scratch, from methods to regulations to laws. At present, in terms of crops, the Seed Law, Regulations on the Protection of New Plant Varieties, Regulations on the Safety Management of Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Regulations on Plant Quarantine, Measures for the Administration of Crop Seed Production and Operation License and Measures for the Examination and Approval of Major Crop Varieties have been formed.A legal and regulatory system covering the whole process of pre-,mid-and post-natal management, such as seed scientific research, production and management, and quality management, supplemented by 17 supporting regulations. In terms of regulatory actions,Strengthen market supervision and intellectual property protection, crack down on illegal acts such as counterfeiting and infringement, encourage and protect independent innovation and original innovation, and create a good legal environment for variety breeding.
Third, efforts should be made to build an integrated system of breeding, reproduction and promotion, such as tackling key problems of improved crop varieties, variety tests and demonstration.From the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" to the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", the initiative of variety selection and innovation has been greatly stimulated, which provides an important mechanism and financial guarantee for fast and good varieties. At the same time, the variety test has been approved.After more than 60 years’ practice, a national and provincial regional trial and approval system for crop varieties with complete technical standards, scientific evaluation content, reasonable experimental design and sound testing network has been established, and varieties with excellent comprehensive agronomic traits have been screened and approved in a wide area and in multiple environments, which has effectively played the role of "baton", "wind vane" and "probe" for breeding and production. In the "last mile" of variety promotion and application, a four-level variety display and demonstration system at the national, provincial, municipal and county levels has been established and improved, so as to combine good varieties, agricultural machinery and agronomy, and supporting services, and vigorously carry out on-site observation and technical training of variety display and demonstration, increase publicity, promote variety upgrading, and accelerate the popularization and application of improved varieties.
Third, from eating well to eating taste, the breeding and promotion of crop varieties faces new tasks.
Entering a new era and embarking on a new journey, seed industry, as a national basic and strategic core industry, has entered a critical period of improving quality and efficiency, shifting gears and upgrading, and retreating if it does not advance. With the new mission of building a modern seed industry power and promoting the rural revitalization strategy, crop variety breeding and promotion still need to make continuous efforts.
First, deepen the joint research on major national improved varieties.Accelerate the promotion of rice, corn, wheat and soybeans.Four main crops, potato, rape, peanut, sugarcane, sweet potato, broccoli, green cauliflower, banana, litchi, pitaya, edible fungi, etc.11Major scientific research on improved varieties of characteristic crops will be jointly tackled, and superior R&D strength and resources will be concentrated, institutional and institutional innovation will be strengthened, and efforts will be made to dig deep into characteristic germplasm resources and screen and test local varieties, so as to accelerate the improvement of seed industry level of characteristic crops and serve the development of rural characteristic industries.
Second, strengthen the validation and registration of crop variety tests.Thoroughly implement the spirit of "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform, and constantly improve and implement the system of crop variety approval and registration. Give full play to the guiding role of variety approval in the breeding of main crop varieties, improve the variety test mechanism oriented by production and market demand, further optimize the approval standard, improve the test layout, optimize the identification items, improve the test level, and accelerate the process of testing and approving excellent new varieties. Adhere to the main line of non-major crop variety registration "thoroughly put it in advance, properly manage it in the middle, and serve it well afterwards", promote the breeding and promotion of green, high-quality, special-purpose and nutritious varieties, and meet the needs of consumers for high-end, health and diversity.
Third, innovative crop varieties display, evaluation and promotion.Accelerate the screening and promotion of a number of new varieties with green ecology, high quality, safety, high yield and high efficiency, so that farmers can see the selection of crops in the field with reference to professional evaluation, accelerate the popularization and application of excellent new varieties, and improve agricultural quality and efficiency. Establish a representative, stable and well-coordinated exhibition base in conjunction with seed management service departments at all levels to form a "national network" for variety display covering all ecological areas. In the process of planting display varieties, organize professionals to systematically collect variety data, carry out professional evaluation and publish authoritative evaluation results. Establish a national crop variety display and evaluation service platform, realize online live broadcast of display scenes, share variety performance data and evaluation results, and let farmers choose available varieties without leaving home.