sangna – 爱上海419论坛-上海后花园论坛-夜上海论坛-上海龙凤419论坛

80% of new drug data involved in false supervision has outstanding violations.

　　Since the State Food and Drug Administration started the self-inspection and verification of drug clinical trial data for one year, it has been found that over 80% of the clinical data of new drugs are involved in fraud, and the regulatory links behind them have fallen behind, and the violations of relevant subjects such as pharmaceutical companies, intermediaries and doctors are prominent.

　　Some people in the medical field believe that with the advance of the verification storm, negative arguments such as "too advanced" and "one size fits all" have risen. The state should adhere to zero tolerance for clinical fraud and reverse the medical ecology of bad money expelling good money with stricter supervision.

　　The enterprise intentionally concealed and omitted the records of adverse reactions.

　　The results of the verification of the authenticity and standardization of the data of 1622 drug clinical trial projects to be produced by the Food and Drug Administration caused a shock in the whole industry. Some people in the medical field revealed that with the deepening of self-examination and verification, more problems of untrue and irregular clinical trial data of drugs have been exposed. At present, over 80% of new drug applications have been withdrawn by pharmaceutical companies or rejected by the State Food and Drug Administration.

　　A staff member of the food and drug department said that during the verification, it was found that the clinical trial data of many drugs were incomplete, the analysis data had no differential trajectory, and some data could not be traced back. Other companies deliberately concealed or omitted the adverse reaction records, and revised the test data that failed to meet expectations.

　　"Before this round of self-examination and verification storm, clinical data fraud was an open secret in the industry." The dean of a top-three hospital in the west said that pharmaceutical companies randomly combined old drugs and found several hospitals to do clinical experiments. Of course, they all reported according to the expected results. Finally, the State Food and Drug Administration approved the new drugs. "How can this stew-style drug research and development model ensure the quality and safety of drugs?"

　　"The direct consequence of clinical data fraud is poor efficacy." A person in charge of research and development of a pharmaceutical company in Nanjing said that in a clinical trial, the company replaced the domestic anti-diabetic drug metformin taken by the subjects with the original drug Gehuazhi. Unexpectedly, after taking it for four weeks, the blood sugar of the subjects actually dropped to the level that they could not be enrolled in the group. Previously, the subjects had been taking domestic metformin, but their blood sugar could not be lowered.

　　According to insiders, most domestic generic drugs can’t meet the original research standards. In order to pass the evaluation, it is very common to conceal the discarded data and selectively use the data in clinical experiments. In this regard, the state launched the consistency evaluation of generic drugs’ quality and efficacy this year, requiring all generic drugs approved for marketing before October 1, 2007 to complete the consistency evaluation before the end of 2018, among which clinical effectiveness tests and varieties with special circumstances need to be carried out, and consistency evaluation should be completed before the end of 2021; If it is not completed within the time limit, it will not be registered again.

　　Yu Dechao, Chairman of Cinda Bio-Pharmaceutical, predicted that with the consistent evaluation of generic drugs’ quality and efficacy, more than 50% of the existing generic drugs will be eliminated, and the phenomenon of "bad money driving out good money" in the pharmaceutical field is expected to be initially reversed.

　　Absence of intermediary supervision encourages clinical fraud

　　In 1998, the relevant departments of the state promulgated the "Management Standard for Drug Clinical Trials (Trial)" (GCP for short), which was revised and implemented in 2003. The reporter’s investigation found that the binding force in the implementation of GCP is not strong, and the violations of relevant subjects such as pharmaceutical companies, intermediaries and doctors are prominent.

　　Driven by interests, some pharmaceutical companies have launched generic drugs, and the important and necessary link of clinical trials has been "ignored". The person in charge of a large pharmaceutical company in Jiangsu said that he had participated in the research and development of new drugs in a pharmaceutical company, in fact, he copied the newly developed innovative pharmaceutical materials from abroad. This pharmaceutical company spent a week preparing materials, and did not conduct clinical trials for six months at all. It even got the approval of "exclusive innovative drugs" very quickly. As a result, the effect of five domestic generic drugs is not obvious, but one foreign original drug is effective but can’t get in, which is a typical phenomenon of "bad money driving out good money".

　　The absence of supervision by CRO encourages the falsification of clinical data. A person in charge of a CRO revealed that CRO should be a third-party inspection agency, which plays a role in quality control of drug research and development, clinical application and approval. However, due to the lack of transfer threshold of domestic CROs and vicious competition of a large number of unscrupulous enterprises, many CROs have become accomplices in data fraud driven by interests. "Some pharmaceutical companies know that CRO is fraudulent, but considering that CRO shares the illegal costs and risks, they often turn a blind eye. What’s more, some pharmaceutical companies made it clear that if the test fails to pass the acceptance, it will not pay, forcing CRO to make fraud. "

　　A law enforcement officer of the food and drug supervision department said that during the inspection, it was found that the main body of clinical trials should be doctors, but some CROs hired a large number of assistant researchers instead of doctors to do clinical observation, data statistics and quality verification, which was an important reason for the irregular and untrue data.

　　Clinicians’ professional ethics is out of order, which opens the door for data fraud. The chief physician of a third-class hospital in Guangdong said that he had participated in the third-phase clinical trial of an obstetric drug under the leadership of another hospital. "The actual operation is not strict." Many records that are beneficial to the marketing of this drug have been saved, and adverse clinical cases or experimental data have been erased. Especially compared with similar drugs, the fraud situation is more prominent. "Doctors are very busy, clinical trials will not be done seriously, and there is no time to make such rigorous records. Many of them are done by CRO, and the authenticity is naturally greatly reduced."

　　Clinical supervision has become a weak link in the drug supervision system. Some people in the industry believe that drug regulatory authorities at all levels are generally short of regulatory talents and technical teams with clinical background, and long-term emphasis on system certification and neglect of clinical project process supervision, especially the safety and effectiveness evaluation of post-marketing drug clinical trials, and supervision is almost blank. A staff member of Jiangsu drug supervision system said that compared with GMP inspection team, there is a big gap in the ability of local clinical verification GCP team, and the personnel and technology can not keep up with the current requirements.

　　Beware of negative arguments weakening supervision.

　　The reporter’s investigation found that over the past year, the self-inspection and verification of drug clinical trial data has achieved remarkable results, initially curbing the situation of large-scale data fraud, and some pharmaceutical companies feel unprecedented pressure.

　　"In the past, there was almost no clinical supervision. Now we suddenly asked for self-examination and verification, which caught us off guard." A person in charge of a pharmaceutical company in Inner Mongolia complained that the storm of verification of clinical trial data was "a matter of punishing the Qing Dynasty with the laws of the Republic of China". The state’s policies can’t be changed constantly, and we can’t take the "opinions" and "regulations" issued today to consider what we did before.

　　The person in charge questioned why so many CRO companies were approved. Why did the test data provided by CRO company pass the review before? Why are clinical trial institutions approved by administrative departments not conducting regular trials? Why should the applicant bear most of the responsibility for a series of mistakes made by the regulatory authorities? "These problems need to be paid attention to by relevant management departments and explained reasonably."

　　Some people in the industry believe that there are two negative arguments to be vigilant against this unprecedented storm of clinical supervision. First, the introduction of policies should conform to China’s national conditions, and the requirements for innovation at this stage should not be too advanced; Second, the policy cannot be uniform, and some clinical data are just not standardized, not fraudulent, and should be allowed to exist.

　　Yu Dechao said that at present, it is a critical period to control "bad money drives out good money" in the field of drugs, and real innovation must be encouraged with the strictest system. Once the clinical fraud is spared, the result must be "a small gap becomes a big hole." "If a pharmaceutical company is allowed to falsify, then other pharmaceutical companies will follow suit. Therefore, we must adhere to zero tolerance and not relax about clinical fraud. "

　　In fact, compared with the United States, China’s drug supervision still needs to be strengthened. The State Food and Drug Administration has made it clear that if the clinical research data are fraudulent, the applicant’s new application for drug registration will not be accepted within three years, and the clinical trial data of the person directly responsible for participating in the research or organizing the research will not be accepted within ten years.

　　Dr Liao Guojuan, CEO of Suzhou Jinweizhi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. said that in the United States, once data fraud occurs, pharmaceutical companies and R&D personnel will be blacklisted and will not be allowed to enter related fields for life.

　　Insiders suggest that the country should actively integrate domestic pharmaceutical companies with the international market, establish an internal supervision system for pharmaceutical companies, and truly form core competitiveness through innovation in order to occupy a place in international competition.

Jiang Yan, the Goddess of Craftsmanship： Let China equipment reach a new height.

CCTV News:She is the first designer of ethylene compressor in China, breaking the long-term foreign technical monopoly; She created the first million-ton ethylene compressor in China and climbed to the peak of design technology in the same industry in the world. She is just an ordinary design director, but she leads the team to undertake 60% of the design tasks of the largest compressor manufacturer in China.

She is Jiang Yan, a professor-level senior engineer of Turbine Design Institute of Shenyang Blower Group Co., Ltd. During the historical journey of localization of major equipment, she worked hard and made great achievements, and became a veritable "dream catcher" for the industry to serve the country.

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The birth of a miracle

After graduating from university in 1997, Jiang Yan stepped into the door of Shengu Group with great enthusiasm and became an ordinary designer. At first, she only made static equipment such as auxiliary machines, and was a "layman" of dynamic equipment such as compressors. After the research on the steering gear, she grew up from an ordinary technician to a senior engineer with her enthusiasm and amazing perseverance, and witnessed and participated in the technical progress of Shengu in the first line of design.

Ethylene, a compound composed of two carbon atoms and four hydrogen atoms, is one of the largest chemicals in the world, which constitutes more than 70% of petrochemical products. Its output is regarded as one of the important indicators to measure the development level of a country’s petrochemical industry.

Ethylene compressor can be called the "heart" of ethylene industry, and the million-ton ethylene compressor represents the highest level of petrochemical equipment. For a long time, the design and manufacturing technology of large ethylene compressors has been monopolized by a few countries.

In 2006, the state decided to build three million-ton ethylene projects in Tianjin, Zhenhai and Fushun. Shengu Group undertook the task of developing a million-ton ethylene compressor for these three projects. It is a historical opportunity that must be grasped to end the history of passive dependence on imports and get rid of the embarrassing situation of being controlled by others.

Jiang Yan was only 33 years old when he received the R&D task. Young, not good at talking, and not graduated from a famous university, can this seemingly soft and weak woman break through the "hard ice" that Chinese people have been trying hard for decades? If it can, it must be a miracle.

But miracles are always created by people.

After taking over the task and provoking the "burden", Jiang Yan and her colleagues shuttled between major refining and chemical plants in China day and night, climbing the workbench of imported ethylene plants with a height of tens of meters over and over again to observe the appearance structure and operation; Visit major scientific research institutes in China again and again, visit, consult and discuss; Study hard one after another thick original foreign language materials … … Design failure, modify the design, fail again and modify again. After unremitting efforts, Jiang Yan and her team redesigned the structure of the compressor and successfully put it into use.

At 18: 00 on February 22, 2011, the first domestic million-ton ethylene compressor was successfully tested in the assembly workshop of Shengu Group, which made China the fourth country in the world to independently design and develop million-ton ethylene compressors.

From 450,000 tons, 800,000 tons, 1 million tons to 120 tons, Shengu Group has accumulated more than 1,000 compressors so far, completely ending the passive situation of China’s long-term dependence on imports of ethylene compressors and directly saving the country 5 billion yuan in imported equipment funds. With the hard work of "Jiang Yan", developed countries have gone through 100 years in the field of ethylene compressor development, while China only took 10 years.

The goddess is a model worker and a mother.

Jiang Yan is famous for her diligence in the factory. On the day before her daughter was born, she still kept the habit of being the first to work in the office every day. It is this hard work that has won her the title of Shenyang Special Model Worker, Liaoning May 1st Women’s Advanced Individual, National May 1st Labor Medal and National Model Worker. On April 28th, 2013, as a representative of industrial workers in Shenyang, she spoke in the Great Hall of the People and was personally received by the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader.

The goddess model worker is an excellent female craftsman in the country, but she is also the wife and mother of a family.

In 2012, there was a problem with the compressor of a domestic enterprise. Jiang Yan, who just got off the plane from the scene and saw her husband, cried in a big mess. "At that time, I really thought, I hope something will happen on the plane, and I won’t have to worry about it the next day." Her lover has been patiently asking what happened. As a colleague, the husband can always detect his wife’s thoughts at the first time and slowly enlighten him. In Jiang Yan’s heart, her husband will always be his most solid backing.

Because of work, Jiang Yan owed too much to her daughter since she was a child. In 2013, my daughter was hospitalized with a bad cold. As a mother, she was unable to accompany her little daughter to take care of her because of the Huizhou project. There is still a short message from her daughter in her mobile phone: "Mom, I have been waiting for the bus in the snow for 40 minutes, but I have not come yet. I am freezing and crying. I miss you to pick me up."

Sometimes, after a long business trip, Jiang Yan took out her daughter’s photos on her mobile phone and looked at them. She said that her 14-year-old daughter is 1.7 meters tall, with good academic performance and independence. Having her is the greatest achievement and happiness in this life.

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The craftsman heart of the goddess

In Jiang Yan’s mind, the so-called "great country craftsman" must "sit on the bench and keep an eye on the computer."

Jiang Yan’s design team is mostly young people born in 1980s and 1990s, with an average age of less than 30 years old. They are full of energy but not ostentatious, and they are practical and diligent. "Doing things one step at a time, walking too fast, you will feel empty one day." Jiang Yan said.

"Sister Jiang is the absolute guarantee of the project!" For apprentice Han Shuai, the customer named Jiang Yan to lead the design, which made him feel proud as an apprentice.

After 1985, Han Shuai officially worshipped Jiang Yan as a teacher in 2015. "Sister Jiang is a strong woman." He secretly rejoiced when he learned that he would become Jiang Yan’s apprentice. But it is this "female man" who is resolute in her work, but she treats her colleagues delicately and gently in her life. Han Shuai said, "In winter, if anyone’s home heater is broken, Sister Jiang will lend them her own electric heater."

Jiang Yan said frankly, in fact, I’m not just "Jiang Yan", but I’m representing 7,300 employees of Shen Gu who have made silent contributions in their posts. She believes that the craftsman spirit is more about loyalty to the enterprise and persistence in the profession. She said, I remember our leader said: "Ten years ago, when I visited a Japanese enterprise, I saw a craftsman grinding the weld. Ten years later, the old craftsman still stuck to his post and did the same job."

"Be sure to be practical!" This is the most important trait that Jiang Yan thinks as a craftsman, and this is also the evaluation of the model worker director by the young people in the design room of the Turbine Design Institute where Jiang Yan is located: "simple, practical and honest".

Jiang Yan said, "In the future, we will never be followers and imitators, but leaders and leaders. As ‘ Old advanced ’ Technical personnel of state-owned enterprises, I will aim at the forefront of world science and technology, shift our products from high-speed growth stage to high-quality development stage, and promote more ‘ Made in China ’ Trend ‘ China created ’ Make your own contribution to building an innovative country. " (Source: Yang Guangwang China Civilization Network)

Department of Emergency Medicine： Defending Life and Protecting Health

In the emergency department of the hospital, there is such a vibrant and responsible youth civilization group. They always stick to the forefront of saving lives and write a touching chapter with their youth and blood.

The Department of Emergency Medicine is a regional medical center for critical care in southeast Beijing. It is a key clinical training specialty in Beijing approved in 2023. It consists of emergency medicine, emergency surgery, intensive care unit and observation ward. The department has an average annual emergency volume of 100,000 person-times, and rescues more than 10,000 person-times annually. It can carry out the diagnosis and treatment of acute and critical diseases such as invasive and noninvasive ventilator support treatment, bedside hemofiltration, mild hypothermia treatment, noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring, bedside bronchoscopy, minimally invasive tracheotomy, etc., which opens up a green life for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, acute stroke, acute respiratory failure, various shocks, poisoning, gastrointestinal bleeding, multiple trauma and critical pregnant women. There are 77 medical staff, and the proportion of young workers is 58.4%. As an indispensable part of the hospital, the emergency department is growing with the development of the hospital.

According to the specific requirements of establishing the Youth Civilization and the characteristics of the department, the medical team in emergency medicine department put forward the slogan of creating a "faster, higher and stronger" department.

Pictured: emergency medical staff (some members)

Expertise, race against time to save lives

It is normal for medical staff in emergency department to travel in Dai Yue every day. They are full of love for medical career and care for patients, and stick to their posts. They have solid professional knowledge and skilled first-aid skills. In the face of all kinds of critically ill patients, they can always make accurate judgments quickly and carry out efficient treatment. No matter the patients with cardiac arrest or the seriously injured, they race against time in the golden rescue time, and the operations such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation, hemostasis dressing and tracheal intubation are done in one go. In the contest with death again and again, with superb medical skills, many patients’ lives have been successfully saved, bringing hope to patients and their families.

Pictured: Emergency medical staff are rescuing patients.

Intimate service, caring and warm people’s hearts.

Every second in the emergency department is a matter of life and death for the critically ill patients. Therefore, "shortening the emergency time and unblocking the emergency channels" has always been the goal of their emergency medical staff.

The emergency department continuously optimizes the workflow, solidly implements the emergency triage system, and quickly triages and arranges the order of treatment according to the urgency of the patient’s condition; For acute chest pain, stroke patients, high-risk pregnant women and other critically ill patients, provide them with a fast and smooth green channel for treatment; Adjust the layout of infusion area and improve work efficiency and medical quality through process optimization. In addition, the young people in the emergency department put the patient’s feelings first and tried their best to make the patient feel warm. When patients are flustered and helpless, young doctors and nurses will patiently appease them, use warm words to relieve their nervousness, and take the initiative to explain the illness and treatment plan to patients and their families to ensure that they can better cooperate with the treatment. For those patients with financial difficulties, they will also actively assist in contacting relevant rescue channels so that patients can receive treatment with peace of mind. At the same time, the emergency triage desk also set up a warm heart station service to provide patients or their families with needs other than treatment, such as disposable paper cups, wet wipes, paper towels, warm babies, candy and so on.

Pictured: emergency department logo and warm heart station box

Teamwork, unity is strength to overcome difficulties.

Emergency work is complex and urgent, which requires close cooperation among team members. Young people here know this well, and doctors, nurses, nursing workers and other positions all cooperate tacitly. When rescuing patients, doctors gave clear instructions, nurses carried them out quickly and accurately, and nurses assisted in transshipment in time. Everyone performed their duties and worked together. In case of major emergencies, such as group injuries, all members gathered quickly and carried out rescue work in an orderly manner, and overcame one difficulty after another with the help of a strong team. At the same time, under the leadership and support of the director and head nurse, the team members also actively participated in outdoor expansion and cultural performances such as basketball games and tug-of-war games. The women’s basketball team of emergency medicine department won the first place in the hospital basketball game for two consecutive years. Enhance team cohesion and centripetal force while increasing physical fitness.

Pictured: Cultural performances and tug-of-war competitions.

Pictured: simulating real scenes for emergency drills.

Enthusiastic about public welfare and spreading health knowledge

Young people in the emergency department are also keen on public welfare undertakings. In their spare time, led by Gu Wei, secretary of the Party branch and director of the emergency department, they walked into the community, Daxing Airport, Chaoyang Railway Station, etc. to carry out first aid knowledge training and health lectures. Through on-the-spot demonstration and explanation, practical first-aid skills such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Heimlich first-aid method and demonstration of wound dressing skills are taught to the public, which improves the public’s first-aid awareness and ability, and also promotes the prevention knowledge of various common diseases, contributing to the improvement of the health literacy of the whole people.

Pictured: Beijing Chaoyang Station carries out first aid skills training and community first aid skills training.

Pictured: First-aid skills training site for armed police soldiers who are guarding Daxing Airport.

Keep learning and improve comprehensive quality.

In order to better cope with the ever-changing needs of emergency work, the young people in the emergency department insist on continuous learning, regularly carry out first aid drills, simulate real scenes, and improve the emergency response ability of medical staff; Actively participate in all kinds of academic training and seminars, understand the latest first aid concepts and technologies, and apply them to practical work. Every month, the department organizes internal business learning and exchange activities to share experiences and insights with each other, which forms a strong learning atmosphere in the team and promotes the continuous improvement of the comprehensive quality of all members. At the same time, it has also established cooperative relations with well-known domestic medical institutions, and regularly carried out academic exchanges and technical training to improve the overall strength of the team.

Pictured: First aid drills and first aid skills training.

In addition, the department also strongly supports young workers to publish papers in well-known academic journals at home and abroad, display research achievements and academic level, actively promote the transformation of scientific research achievements into clinical applications, and provide patients with more advanced diagnosis and treatment technologies and methods. At the same time, young workers are encouraged to actively participate in scientific research projects and subject development, and conduct in-depth research on hot and difficult issues in the field of emergency medicine.

This year, the emergency department published 7 papers, including 2 SCI papers, and successfully published "Analysis of Difficult and Critical Cases in Emergency Department" in Peking University Medical Press. The Department of Emergency Medicine will continue to improve the kinetic energy of discipline development, focusing on four dimensions of "difficult and critical care, new technology and new projects, personnel training, academic and scientific research innovation", deepening the promotion of medical service capacity, improving patient service level and better serving people’s health.

Pictured: science and technology plan task book and expert consensus, etc.

With a high sense of responsibility, exquisite professional skills, considerate service and selfless dedication, this young team in the emergency department is blooming with youthful brilliance and making unremitting efforts to protect patients’ lives and health.

Can you use this ＂life-saving artifact＂ to save patients with sudden cardiac death？

　　Hefei subway station is equipped with AED first aid equipment. Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Duan photo

　　In recent years, sudden cardiac death has occurred frequently, which has become a public health problem of widespread concern in society. Data show that sudden cardiac death is the main cause of death of cardiovascular diseases in China, and about 544,000 people die every year, and the success rate of resuscitation outside the hospital is below 1%.

　　At this year’s two sessions, how to prevent sudden cardiac death and the configuration and use of automated external defibrillator (hereinafter referred to as AED) in public places, which is known as the "life-saving artifact", have also become one of the hot spots concerned by delegates and members. In this regard, the reporter recently interviewed Professor Wu Lin, the chief physician of Cardiovascular Department of Peking University First Hospital, who has been engaged in the research and prevention of sudden cardiac death for a long time.

　　Non-professional medical personnel can also use AED to rescue patients with sudden cardiac death.

　　The human heart is like a power pump, delivering blood rich in oxygen and nutrition to every cell in the body. When cardiac arrest, a fatal arrhythmia, occurs, the heart can’t pump blood effectively, and the patient will face the threat of death.

　　"When the heart can’t effectively contract and lose power, it will be dark in 3 to 5 seconds, unconscious in 8 seconds due to insufficient blood supply to the brain, and epileptic seizures may occur in 15 seconds." Wu Lin said that if someone around can call the emergency system immediately within 4 minutes, and at the same time, it is best to use AED, a simple defibrillator, for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, so that the survival rate of patients can be as high as 50%. "Every time the treatment time is delayed by 1 minute, the possibility of survival will drop by 10%."

　　He pointed out that if you don’t intervene in time, you can cause irreversible damage to brain tissue due to hypoxia for more than 4 to 8 minutes, and then you will die soon. Even if the heart is lucky enough to resume beating, it may lead to multiple organ damage, especially brain damage.

　　"Once a patient with sudden cardiac death occurs around him, he usually shows a sudden loss of consciousness and no response to the call." In this regard, Wu Lin put forward measures that can save patients’ lives — — Call the emergency number 120 on the spot and press his heart at the same time. It is best to perform early AED defibrillation. "This will increase the success rate of first aid by three times."

　　What is an AED? Wu Lin said that AED is a portable medical emergency equipment. Once it is turned on, it can automatically sound to guide the operation process, automatically detect the heartbeat, and automatically defibrillation when necessary. It is very simple and convenient to use. AED is deployed in high-risk places of sudden cardiac death and even on international flights abroad.

　　"Non-professional medical personnel can also use AEDs to rescue patients with sudden cardiac death, and AEDs in some public places are marked with ‘ Professionals are required to use ’ It is inappropriate and affects the rescue of patients. I hope to correct it from the legal level. " Wu Lin emphasized that if you want to know the storage location of AEDs in your area, you can use the "search" function of mobile phone WeChat to search for "AED navigation".

　　It is urgent to popularize AED configuration and protect the rights and interests of rescuers

　　Public places such as airports, railway stations, subway stations, shopping malls and sports venues are often high-risk areas of sudden cardiac death. The deployment of AED can effectively improve the success rate of sudden cardiac death rescue.

　　At present, the situation that the number of AED configurations and applications are too small is widespread in China. Wu Lin said frankly that although the deployment rate of AEDs in public places in Shanghai, Shenzhen, Dalian and other places has increased significantly, as far as the country is concerned, there are only about 20,000 AEDs in public places around the country, with less than one per 100,000 people, which is far from meeting the emergency needs of more than 41 people out of every 100,000 people in China. He suggested that governments at all levels should attach importance to and support the configuration of AED.

　　It is reported that there are more than 400 AEDs per 100,000 people in Europe and America, nearly 300 per 100,000 people in Japan and 10 per 100,000 people in Hong Kong.

　　It is important to improve the configuration of AED in public places, but the protection of the rights and interests of rescuers can not be ignored. Wu Lin emphasized that the rights and interests of rescuers should be protected by legislation, and they should be exempted from any responsibility they have to bear for saving people, and they should also be legally prevented from being blackmailed or causing trouble — — Otherwise, no matter how many AEDs are installed, no one dares to rescue the sudden death, and it will not work.

　　"In order to improve the overall level of first aid, integrating the emergency response system and strengthening the ability to locate emergency calls are all important measures for rapid treatment." Wu Lin added.

　　Improve the public’s awareness and ability of on-site first aid.

　　The success rate of on-site resuscitation of sudden cardiac death depends not only on the first-aid level of doctors and medical ambulance personnel, but also on the public. "In particular, the level of awareness of witnesses at the scene of the incident, the degree of understanding of first aid knowledge, and whether they can participate in the rescue in time and perform preliminary cardiopulmonary resuscitation on patients." Wu Lin stressed.

　　After the patient has sudden cardiac death, it is the key that the witness can press or defibrillation the patient in time after calling for help. "Simply waiting for the arrival of emergency personnel can only reduce the success rate of recovery. This phenomenon is a manifestation of the weak awareness and low ability of first aid in the public in China." Wu Lin pointed out.

　　At present, most people get first aid knowledge through the media or the publicity platform of some medical institutions, and there are very few opportunities to get first aid knowledge and skills drills through professional training institutions. He suggested that the first aid knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be popularized and popularized, so that the common sense of first aid can become a compulsory course for the public, which can be included in all kinds of school education, as well as the induction training courses for key occupations such as police, firefighters, guards, flight attendants and salespeople, to form a complete education and training system, so that more people can learn first aid.

　　Wu Lin finally stressed that the best way to reduce sudden cardiac death is to prevent it, including primary prevention for individuals who may have sudden death and secondary prevention for survivors of cardiac arrest. "For high-risk groups with a family history of sudden death or multiple cardiovascular risk factors, we should actively carry out sudden death risk assessment and individualized prevention and treatment in order to effectively reduce the incidence of sudden cardiac death."

　　 (Reporter Jin Zhenya)

State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China and the Ministry of Natural Resources deepen information sharing, facilitate real estate registration and taxation, and vigorously promo

CCTV News:Recently, State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China and the Ministry of Natural Resources jointly issued the Notice on Further Deepening Information Sharing to Facilitate Real Estate Registration and Taxing, demanding deepening departmental information sharing and vigorously promoting "one window to handle affairs".

According to the circular, the tax authorities and natural resources authorities should base themselves on the actual situation of local informatization construction, closely strengthen cooperation, take solving practical problems as the guide, reasonably determine the information sharing mode, and realize real-time sharing in time.

Before the end of 2022, the tax authorities and natural resources authorities of all cities and counties in China should realize real-time sharing of the whole process information of tax-related business of real estate registration.

The competent department of natural resources should push the uniformly accepted application for real estate registration and tax information to the tax authorities. It mainly includes real estate registration information such as obligee, certificate number, co-ownership, real estate unit number, location, area, transaction price, right type, registration type and registration time, as well as other registration information required for tax declaration.

The tax department should push the tax payment information to the competent department of natural resources. It mainly includes the taxpayer’s name, certificate number, real estate unit number, whether the tax has been paid, the time of tax payment, and other tax payment information required for real estate registration.

According to the circular, the tax authorities and natural resources authorities should vigorously promote the online and offline "one-window service" supported by information technology. Before the end of 2022, all cities and counties in the country should realize the "one window to do things" under the real estate registration and taxation line; Before the end of 2023, all cities and counties across the country will strive to achieve "online (handheld) handling" of real estate registration and taxation.

Shanghai government affairs new media released the list of communication influence in August 2023.

In August, based on its main responsibility, Shanghai government affairs new media focused on the people’s livelihood projects such as the transformation of "two old villages", pushed authoritative information and reflected the progress and results; Do a good job in publishing theme activities such as Shanghai Book Fair on the Internet, punch in the city stroll route, and create a good city image.

The Network Information Office of the Municipal Party Committee and the Information Office of the Municipal Government jointly released the list of communication influence of Shanghai government new media in August 2023 today.

August 2023 list

In the ranking of communication influence,Municipal sports bureauA series of activities, such as National Fitness Day and Sports Publicity Week, have been widely concerned by the public, and both rankings have entered the top ten.

In August, Shanghai government affairs new media launched reports on optimizing government affairs services around urban renewal and summer hotline, and planned positive energy publicity in combination with cultural and sports activities, which achieved good communication effects. Flood prevention, the most beautiful footbridge and other contents attract the attention of netizens and enter the top ten popular reading manuscripts.

Hot spots in August 2023

Transformation of "two old villages and one village"

Implement a new round of popular support project, and Shanghai will comprehensively promote the transformation of "two old villages and one village".Municipal Housing Construction Committee, Municipal Planning and Resources Bureau, and Municipal Housing Management BureauRelease policy information and work progress, answer questions.Relevant districtsAnnounce the work deployment in a timely manner, show the willingness to consult, sign a contract, establish a project, move the site, etc., win the support of the masses, and do a good job and do practical things.

Shanghai Bookfair

Shanghai Book Fair and "Scholarly China" Shanghai Week were held from August 16th to 22nd.Municipal press and publication bureauThe column of "Letter of Recommendation from President and Editor-in-Chief" was launched, and information on activities such as sharing sessions was released.Municipal Communications Commission, Municipal Cultural Tourism Bureau and Municipal Disabled Persons’ FederationCooperate with other publicity services such as travel and raiders.DistrictsCombined with the book fair, it is a good place to punch in and read, and the rich book fragrance infiltrates Shencheng.

About the leaderboard

The list was jointly released by the Network Information Office of Shanghai Municipal Committee and the Information Office of Shanghai Municipal Government. The data comes from the "Government New Media Communication Impact Assessment Platform" independently developed by the Network Information Office of Shanghai Municipal Committee. At present, the platform covers all channels of the whole network, including the data of 276 news clients, 251 news websites, 12 million WeChat WeChat official account and more than 300 million Weibo accounts.

Communication power list:The investigation is about the reprinting of government affairs WeChat and Weibo in all channels of the whole network.

Influence list:It investigates the reading, likes and comments obtained by various government affairs WeChat and Weibo after being reprinted in all channels of the whole network.

Additional points:It mainly reflects the participation of new government media in positive energy online publicity. This month, it reflects the participation in Shanghai Book Fair, Shanghai research and other thematic publicity.

Remind! In 2018, the timetable for research was released, and the ＂gold content＂ of these 10 certificates was super high!

　　CCTV News:Recently, the General Office of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security issued the Notice on the 2018 Professional and Technical Personnel Qualification Examination Plan and Related Issues, announced the 2018 professional and technical personnel qualification examination work plan, and made arrangements for relevant issues.

　　The economic professional and technical qualification examination is fully implemented by computer examination.

　　In 2018, the economic professional and technical qualification examination (primary and intermediate) will be fully implemented by computer, so please prepare for the corresponding examination.

　　The tenderer will conduct a one-time final exam.

　　The State Council has cancelled the professional qualification of the bid inviter, and the 2018 bid inviter exam is a one-time final exam. Candidates whose qualified subjects are still valid as of 2017 can sign up for the exam. After the end of this examination, those who have passed all the examination subjects will be awarded the professional qualification certificates of the original tenderers in accordance with the Interim Provisions on the Professional Qualification System for Tenderers (No.19 [2013] of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security).

　　The certificate can be used as a certificate with corresponding professional and technical ability and level.

　　Reminder:

　　The national vocational qualification examination has a unified outline, unified proposition and unified organization, and qualified professional and technical personnel should obtain corresponding vocational qualification certificates through the examination. The majority of candidates should register and take exams through formal channels according to regulations, and do not believe in false propaganda.

　　At the same time, the state has not designated any training institutions to carry out vocational qualification examination training, and those who cheat or organize cheating on illegal training institutions under the guise of "guaranteeing" will be seriously investigated for their legal responsibilities according to law.

　　These 10 certificates are very valuable ↓

　　1. Certificate of Certified Public Accountant

　　CPA(Certified PublicAccountant) is the abbreviation of certified public accountant. In large and medium-sized enterprises, most of them need to hold a certified public accountant certificate to recruit positions such as chief accountant, financial manager, chief financial officer and chief accountant.

　　CPA is the highest-level certificate in the accounting field in China, and it is also the only official certificate with "signature right". Therefore, if you want to be a certified public accountant, you must first get the CPA. According to the latest data of AICPA, there are 235,398 registered accountants in China, including 104,913 practicing accountants and 130,485 non-practicing accountants, but they still cannot meet the social demand for senior accountants.

　　Registration conditions:Have graduated from a junior college or above, or have intermediate or above technical titles in accounting or related majors.

　　2. Legal professional qualification certificate

　　According to the provisions of the Judges Law, the Prosecutors Law, the Lawyers Law and the Notarization Law, newly appointed judges, newly appointed prosecutors, applicants for lawyer practice and notaries must pass the national judicial examination and obtain legal professional qualification certificates.

　　The national judicial examination can be regarded as the entry threshold for practitioners in the judicial industry in China. It is extremely difficult and the annual pass rate is about 10%.

　　2017 is the last year of the national judicial examination. After that, the judicial examination system will be adjusted to the national unified legal professional qualification examination system.

　　Application conditions:Bachelor’s degree in law in colleges and universities, or bachelor’s degree in non-law in colleges and universities, and have legal professional knowledge.

　　3. International Certified Public Accountant Certificate (ACCA)

　　ACCA, a chartered certified accountants, is also commonly known as the International Certified Public Accountant in China, and its popularity is second only to CPA. With the characteristics of all-English exams, many subjects, great difficulty and high gold content, its position in the accounting field is unshakable. At present, it has more than 20,000 members and more than 40,000 students in China, especially favored by the College Students’ Textual Research Party.

　　ACCA applies international accounting standards. With the accelerated development of economic globalization, many foreign companies in China and state-owned enterprises going abroad need ACCA holders. Accounting firms also need ACCA holders who are familiar with international accounting standards when auditing listed companies such as US stocks.

　　Registration conditions：You can register at least 16 years old. ACCA is a certificate that only a few freshmen can apply for and finish their studies before graduation.

　　4. Chartered Financial Analyst Certificate

　　CharteredFinancialAnalyst (CFA), also known as "Chartered Financial Analyst", has always been regarded as an MBA in the financial investment field. CFA qualification certificates are awarded to a wide range of professionals in various investment fields, including fund managers, securities analysts, chief financial officers, investment consultants and so on.

　　The examination content is divided into three different levels, namely LEVEL Ⅰ, LEVEL Ⅱ and LEVEL Ⅲ. Examinations are held in all parts of the world, and each candidate must complete three different levels of examinations in turn. CFA qualification examination is conducted in English.

　　Qualification certification:Candidates are required to have a comprehensive and profound grasp of financial knowledge and have four years of relevant work experience.

　　5. Chinese actuary certificate

　　The actuary is a profession with an annual salary of over one million abroad and a monthly salary of 10,000 yuan at home, which is called "the golden collar among the golden collars". In China, it is said that there are only more than 400 actuaries at present, but there are less than 50 actuaries recognized by the world insurance industry. The market demand for actuaries will reach 5,000 in the future, and the number of people applying for actuarial examinations will also increase year by year.

　　Application conditions:The test is divided into two levels: quasi-actuary and actuary. Applicants for quasi-actuaries need to have a bachelor’s degree or above, and applicants for actuaries need to have the qualification of quasi-actuaries in China.

　　6, practicing doctor certificate

　　The qualification certificate of medical practitioner is the most important criterion to judge whether a doctor has the qualification to practice medicine. The so-called "doctor" who has not obtained the qualification certificate of medical practitioner belongs to "illegal medical practice". The country’s requirements for practicing qualifications are more and more strict, and legal practice, the sooner the qualification certificate of practicing doctors is obtained, the better.

　　Application conditions (meet one of the following conditions):

　　Having a bachelor’s degree or above in medical major in an institution of higher learning, and having completed a probation period of one year in a medical, preventive and health care institution under the guidance of a medical practitioner;

　　Having obtained the practicing certificate of practicing assistant physician, having a medical college degree in an institution of higher learning and having worked in a medical, preventive and health care institution for two years;

　　Having a medical degree in a secondary specialized school and having worked in a medical, preventive and health care institution for five years.

　　In addition, those who have a medical college degree in a higher school or a medical college degree in a secondary specialized school, have completed a one-year probationary period in a medical, preventive or health care institution under the guidance of a medical practitioner, or have studied traditional medicine for three years or have expertise in medical skills for many years can also take the qualification examination for medical practitioners.

　　7. Teacher qualification certificate

　　Teacher’s qualification certificate is an essential certificate for teachers in the education industry. As a statutory certificate with nationally recognized teacher qualifications, it is uniformly printed by the education administrative department of the State Council. Since 2015, the teacher qualification certificate has taken the form of a unified national examination.

　　8. Certificate of Human Resource Manager

　　The human resources department, the finance department and the marketing department are also called the "troika" that drives enterprises, and human resources management is one of the few occupations that continue to be bullish.

　　There are four levels of human resource managers, namely: level 4 enterprise human resource managers (national vocational qualification level 4), level 3 enterprise human resource managers (national vocational qualification level 3), level 2 enterprise human resource managers (national vocational qualification level 2) and level 1 enterprise human resource managers (national vocational qualification level 1).

　　9, psychological counselor certificate

　　With the increasing attention to mental health in China, the psychological counseling industry will be paid more and more attention. People who have been or are going to be engaged in the profession of psychological counselors should receive special vocational training and obtain the "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Professional Qualification Certificate" issued by psychological counselors nationwide before engaging in corresponding psychological counseling activities.

　　Application conditions:Psychological counselors are divided into one or two grades, and the standard conditions for entering the exam are different. Educational background in psychology, pedagogy and medicine is generally required.

　　10, the national translation professional qualification certificate (level)

　　As a national evaluation system for translation talents, the Translation Qualification Examination has been praised by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and senior experts in the industry for many times. The leader of the Technical Department of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security has said many times: "We chose the Foreign Languages Bureau to organize the examination correctly … … The examination has had a good influence at home and abroad, and it is one of the most successful projects in the national vocational qualification examination at present. "

　　 Application conditions:Anyone who has a certain level of foreign language, regardless of age, education, qualifications and identity, can sign up for the corresponding language level 2 and 3 exams.

　　Are you going to do textual research in 2018?

Qinghai Province takes active and effective measures to promote the employment and entrepreneurship of the disabled.

On December 8, the reporter learned from the Provincial Disabled Persons’ Federation that since the beginning of this year, Qinghai Province has effectively played the important role of the government in promoting employment, intensified the implementation of the employment priority policy, and done a solid job in stabilizing employment for the disabled. Up to now, 1,291 urban disabled people have been newly employed, 4,940 rural disabled people have been newly employed, and 138 new disabled graduates have been helped to find jobs.

It is understood that this year, our province has helped the disabled to find jobs and start businesses through various measures such as cohesive efforts to promote the employment of the disabled, strengthening employment support for the disabled, and solidly carrying out employment assistance for the disabled. The provincial party committee and the provincial government attach great importance to the employment of disabled people, and the provincial party committee assessment office will use the employment security fund for disabled people to promote the employment of disabled people into the provincial target responsibility assessment system for cities and states, and the provincial party committee organization department has decided to carry out targeted recruitment (employment) of disabled people. The provincial government has specially formulated and issued the Implementation Plan for Promoting the Employment of Disabled Persons in Qinghai Province (2022-2024), identified 20 key tasks and defined 15 relevant provincial units and municipal and state governments as responsible units, and made clear the overall use of employment subsidy funds, employment security funds for disabled persons and provincial lottery public welfare funds to provide financial guarantee. Relevant policy documents clearly support the establishment of "four types of employment bases for the disabled" through listing certification, namely, vocational training bases for the disabled, business incubation bases, centralized employment bases and auxiliary employment bases, and provide financial subsidies for the construction of various bases to form a complete employment support system for the disabled, so as to realize all-round assistance for the disabled from the cultivation of employability to the realization of employment. The special subsidy and reward items and specific subsidy and reward standards for promoting the employment of the disabled, such as centralized arrangement of employment subsidies for the disabled, auxiliary employment subsidies, and over-proportional arrangement of employment incentives for the disabled, have been clarified to improve the enthusiasm of employers for arranging employment for the disabled and starting their own businesses. Incorporate the employment of the disabled into the overall situation of stabilizing and ensuring employment in the province.Through employment subsidy funds and vocational skills upgrading funds, subsidies will be given to disabled people’s vocational skills appraisal, disabled people’s entrepreneurship, disabled people’s probation and employment introduction. We will implement actions to improve the vocational skills of the disabled, increase the subsidy standard for vocational training for the disabled by 30% compared with the public training subsidy standard, and carry out vocational skills training and practical technical training according to the characteristics of the disabled. We will implement measures to prevent and control the normalized epidemic situation, make full use of Qinghai Province’s employment and entrepreneurship network service platform for the disabled to help them find jobs, and carry out employment assistance activities such as the disabled employment assistance month and the "National Day for Helping the Disabled" to help the disabled people find jobs accurately. (Reporter Dong Hui)

Is 48 hours of flu onset a ＂golden self-help period＂？ Doctor reminds： Many people have missed it!

Original attention → Health Times

Light the star.

Don’t miss every push.

A stream just happens to be infected with B stream. Recently, many people have experienced the flu, and many people call out, "There are people who catch a cold every day." The same flu, some people get better in 3-4 days, while others still show no signs of improvement after 2 weeks.

Recently, "48 hours of flu onset is the prime time for self-help" boarded a hot search, which triggered a heated discussion. At the same time, there are also media reports that "38-year-old online celebrity’s second-born mother died of a cold during lactation" and "the woman caught a cold for 10 days and failed to seek medical treatment in time, resulting in white lung" … Is it really a "golden self-help period" when the flu started for 48 hours? What should I pay attention to in case I get the flu?

Health times chart

Is 48 hours of flu onset a "golden self-help period"?

Why is it that 48 hours of flu onset is a golden self-help period? Cao Bin, vice president of China-Japan Friendship Hospital and director of the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, introduced in an interview with CCTV in January, 2024 that 48 hours after the onset of influenza, we call it "the golden 48 hours of self-help". If effective antiviral drugs are not used within the "golden 48 hours", it is possible that the flu will develop into pneumonia, white lung and other severe degrees, especially for people with severe and high-risk influenza. ①

First, children: the antiviral effect is the best within 48 hours.

Chen Xing, chief physician of Pediatrics Department of Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, introduced in an interview with Qilu Evening News on January 10th that children infected with influenza mainly show fever, headache and general malaise, and their body temperature can reach 39-40℃, and the fever degree of children is usually higher than that of adults. Once the flu is diagnosed or highly suspected, active antiviral treatment should be taken. The best effect can be achieved by antiviral treatment within 48 hours after symptoms appear, but even if it exceeds 48 hours, antiviral drugs can also benefit. Therefore, for children, no matter how many days the flu symptoms appear, if the condition has not improved, antiviral drug treatment should be started as soon as possible after suspicion or diagnosis. ②

Second, adults: taking medicine within 48 hours can shorten the course of disease.

For healthy adults, 48 hours after flu symptoms appear is considered as the best treatment time. During this time, it is very effective to start taking antiviral drugs as soon as possible. Early use of antiviral drugs can inhibit the replication and spread of the virus, help shorten the duration of the flu, and usually shorten the course of the disease by about one to two days. Most importantly, it is also helpful in preventing influenza complications and severe cases.

Third, high-risk groups: 48 hours of medication to reduce severe illness.

According to Dr. Cao Bin, there are three types of people who are infected with influenza, and the risk of developing into severe illness is higher than others:

1. People over 65 years old

2. People with basic diseases

3. People receiving immunosuppressant treatment

In addition, if the body temperature is above 39°C for 3 days and you have difficulty breathing, you should seek medical attention in time, and the possibility of self-healing is small. High-risk groups using effective antiviral drugs within the "golden 48 hours" can avoid developing pneumonia, severe illness and white lung as much as possible.

Do three things well after catching the flu!

1. Timely detection to find out the pathogen.

Dr. Cao Bin suggested that you can prepare a flu self-test reagent in advance at home, which is not expensive. When we have flu symptoms, we can detect them in time and determine whether it is the flu at the first time.

In addition to self-test reagents, you can also go to the hospital for testing in time. Hu Yang, deputy chief physician of the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of pulmonary hospital, introduced in Chang Xiao’s health article on January 29th that the progress of science and technology has greatly shortened the time for clinical detection, and the detection time of influenza A and influenza B can be basically completed in one or two hours in the outpatient department of a large 3A hospital, so that we can find out which pathogen caused the cold, avoid treating it in a muddle as before, and make the treatment more accurate. ③

Photo by Fang Dehua

2. Antiviral treatment within 48 hours.

Dr. Cao Bin said that you can’t use antibiotics indiscriminately when you have the flu. The flu is a virus, and antibiotics have inhibitory or killing effects on bacteria. It is useless for viruses; In addition, infusion can’t treat the flu, infusion mainly supplements water, and infusion can’t treat the flu.

The correct way is to take antiviral drugs, such as oseltamivir or mabaloxavir, within 48 hours after the diagnosis of influenza. Mabaloxavir acts on the stage of viral RNA replication, which is earlier than that of traditional drugs, so it has stronger ability to remove viruses, and it is very convenient to take it, and it only needs to be taken once in the whole course. ②

Have a good rest, don’t stay up late and get tired

Pay attention to rest after the flu, and never stay up late! It is recommended to drink plenty of water and rest during the flu to ensure nutrition. Avoid strenuous exercise, so as not to increase the risk of cardiovascular accidents.

China’s import and export increased by 9.4% in the first quarter, and the growth trend is expected to continue in the first half of the year.

　　The import and export data of the first quarter released by the General Administration of Customs recently showed that the total import and export value of China’s goods trade in the first quarter was 6.75 trillion yuan, an increase of 9.4% over the same period last year. Among them, exports were 3.54 trillion yuan, an increase of 7.4%; Imports were 3.21 trillion yuan, up by 11.7%; The trade surplus was 326.18 billion yuan, narrowing by 21.8%.

　　According to customs statistics, in the first quarter, China’s general trade import and export was 3.93 trillion yuan, up 13.2%, accounting for 58.3% of China’s total import and export value, up 2 percentage points over the same period last year. The structure of trade mode was further optimized. In addition, the import and export to the top three trading partners maintained growth, and the import and export growth with some countries along the "Belt and Road" was good. In the first quarter, China’s imports and exports to the EU, the United States and ASEAN increased by 8.2%, 6.3% and 13.7% respectively, accounting for 41.2% of China’s total imports and exports.

　　From the perspective of trade subjects, the proportion of import and export of private enterprises continues to increase. In the first quarter, China’s private enterprises imported and exported 2.59 trillion yuan, up 14.5%, accounting for 38.3% of China’s total import and export value, up 1.7 percentage points over the same period last year. In terms of regions, the import growth rate of the central and western regions is higher than that of the whole country, and the coordination of regional development is enhanced.

　　From the perspective of products, mechanical and electrical products and traditional labor-intensive products are still the main export forces. In the first quarter, China’s mechanical and electrical products exported 2.1 trillion yuan, up 9.5%, accounting for 59.4% of China’s total export value.

　　On the import side, the import of iron ore decreased slightly, the import of crude oil, soybeans and other commodities increased, and the average import price rose and fell.

　　Since the beginning of this year, the world economy has continued to recover, and the domestic economy has been stable and improving, which has promoted the rapid growth of China’s foreign trade import and export in the first quarter. Huang Songping, spokesman of the General Administration of Customs, pointed out that there are mainly the following reasons: First, the world economy has recovered moderately; Second, the domestic economy is stable and improving; Third, the "Belt and Road Initiative" has been steadily advanced, and emerging markets have been vigorously explored.

　　It is noteworthy that in March, in terms of RMB, China’s import and export decreased by 2.5%, export decreased by 9.8% year-on-year, and China’s trade deficit was 29.78 billion yuan. Customs statistics show that after seasonal adjustment, the total value of imports and exports increased by 6.5% in March this year, of which exports increased by 4.7% and imports increased by 8.3%.

　　"In March, the growth rate of exports declined and there was a trade deficit, mainly due to seasonal fluctuations." Liu Xuezhi, a senior researcher at the Financial Research Center of Bank of Communications, said that the export growth rate fluctuated greatly in the first quarter of each year. The decline in export growth in March this year does not mean that exports are weakening. It is normal to have a temporary trade deficit, and it is expected to return to a surplus state after April. The trade friction between China and the United States has limited impact on the current import and export trade. In the first quarter, China’s exports to the United States increased by 14.8%, imports increased by 8.9%, and the trade surplus was $58.25 billion.

　　Looking forward to the trend of China’s foreign trade in the second quarter, Liu Xuezhi predicted that exports will maintain the growth momentum in the second quarter. At present, domestic demand is basically stable, and the balanced development policy of foreign trade encourages the import of advanced technology and equipment and consumer goods for daily use. It is expected that imports will maintain rapid growth in the future. The growth rate of imports may be higher than that of exports this year, and the scale of surplus may be narrowed during the year.

　　Huang Songping believes that, on the whole, in the second quarter of this year, the pressures and challenges faced by the global economy and international trade trends have increased. However, economic globalization is an irreversible trend of the times, and China will take a number of major measures to open wider to the outside world. Based on comprehensive judgment, it is expected that China’s foreign trade import and export will continue to grow.

　　Reporter Sun Shaohua