标签： 南京夜生活

Titanium media note:Since the outbreak of new coronavirus pneumonia, pharmaceutical research has been the focus of public attention.

On January 31st, the authoritative medical journal NEJM published a paper, which introduced the diagnosis and treatment process of the first confirmed case in the United States, and mentioned that the patient’s condition was rapidly relieved after receiving experimental treatment with Remdesivir, a drug developed by Gilead Scientific Company.

Since then, Gilead has issued a statement on the drug research and development action taken against the new coronavirus in 2019, and said that it is working closely with the health authorities in China. On February 4th, Remdesivir arrived in China, and will start a clinical trial to treat Covid-19 pneumonia in China.

This series of measures made the pharmaceutical company behind Remdesivir, Gilead, attract widespread attention.

Today, after Wuhan Virus Institute publicly declared the patent of antiviral drug Remdesivir, the global CEO of Gilead Science responded to this "patent dispute" at a company meeting.

Patents are not our primary concern at present. I asked my colleagues in charge of patents. Just like other drugs of Gilead, we have applied for compounds and patents including coronavirus for Remdesivir in various regions of the world. We will not get involved in this patent issue, we will find ways to help patients, and of course we will protect our intellectual property rights in other ways, but patients come first.

Gilead’s patient-oriented pharmaceutical spirit has once again focused on the public’s vision. So, what kind of enterprise is Remdesivir’s Gilead Science Company?

Founded in 1987, Gilead Science Company is a biopharmaceutical company engaged in drug development and sales based on research. Headquartered in California, Gilead is known as the "Apple Company in Pharmaceutical Industry" for its innovative ability.

Twenty-eight products were listed in 31 years, and single-chip compound agent for AIDS treatment was listed in 2006. In 2013, Sovaldi, the first "medicine for hepatitis C", entered the first echelon of global CAR-T therapy in 2017. It took Gilead less than 30 years to become one of the TOP10 global pharmaceutical companies.

Gilead’s success comes from high R&D investment, which is based on the first bucket of gold brought by the founder.

Michael Aodan is the founder of Gilead. When the company was founded in 1987, Aodan, who was only 29 years old, was already good at capital operation. In the second year after its establishment, Aodan raised $2 million in venture capital. In 1989, Aodan received another $10 million in venture capital, from which many projects were studied.

Although Aodan received many venture investments in the early days of his business, Gilead was a drop in the bucket in the first few years. It was not until March 1991 that Gilead won the first cooperation fund of 1.3 million US dollars, and in the same year signed an agreement with a European university laboratory to obtain the right to develop a group of nucleotide compounds, so Gilead was able to start the research in the field of antiviral drugs that he had been focusing on since then.

Since then, while Gilead’s R&D investment has achieved fruitful results, funds have also been rolling in. In January 1992, Gilead went public, which provided financial support for its huge R&D investment.

After eight years of "pioneering", Gilead accumulated $167 million in assets, and the enterprise was at the dawn. Gilead continues to focus on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ AIDS, liver diseases, blood/tumors, cardiovascular diseases and inflammatory/respiratory diseases.

In later years, Gilead developed a series of products to fight virus and inflammation, including AmBisome, Atripla, Cayston, Complera/Eviplera, Descovy, Emtriva and so on.

In order to devote himself to the research and development of antiviral drugs, Gilead also sold the antisense therapy studied for many years to Ionis pharma and the tumor business to OSI pharma.

Gilead has rewritten the course of treatment of major human diseases many times, including oseltamivir (Tamiflu), a well-known anti-influenza drug. It took only seven years for oseltamivir to go on the market successfully, which is rare and efficient in the history of modern new drug research and development, and has also become a classic case of structure-based drug design.

In 2016 -2018 and the first three quarters of 2019, the net profit attributable to shareholders of the parent company after deduction by Gilead Science was 93.656 billion yuan, 30.240 billion yuan, 37.439 billion yuan and 19.026 billion yuan respectively, and the R&D expenses in the same period were 35.365 billion yuan, 24.399 billion yuan, 34.440 billion yuan and 50.974 billion yuan respectively.

Up to now, Gilead’s total R&D investment is $25.02 billion, but the return is as high as $175 billion, and this is not the value of the products under research.

The solid capital base is endorsed by the high R&D expenses, and a large amount of investment in R&D has promoted the continuous growth of the company’s income, forming a virtuous circle for the long-term development of Gilead.

If Gilead’s success stems from its strategy of attaching importance to research and development, then its growth can not be separated from the merger and acquisition in the past two years.

In June 2010, Gilead acquired CGI Pharmaceuticals, a private company, with a purchase price of $120 million. This biotechnology company has a batch of very potential patented small molecule kinase inhibitors, including preclinical candidate compounds targeting spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk).

In February 2011, Gilead announced the acquisition of Calistoga Pharmaceuticals for $375 million. This is a biotechnology company in the clinical development stage. The main candidate drug is CAL-101, a highly selective inhibitor of PI3K, which is the first in the world. Later, Gilead changed its code name to GS-1101, that is, Zydelig, a listed product. In 2014, Zydelig was approved for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoma.

In 2012, Gilead also acquired Pharmasset for $11 billion. At that time, Pharmasset Pharmaceutical Company only had 82 employees, but its greatest value was its possession of PSI-7977, a hepatitis C treatment drug, which was named Sovaldi after it went on the market. After Sovaldi was approved for marketing, HCV therapeutic drugs Harvoni and Epclusa were listed in succession. By the first quarter of 2017, the sales of these three drugs had reached 49.2 billion US dollars.

The popularity of Sovaldi, the "magic medicine for hepatitis C", has caused the market value of Gilead to skyrocket five times. Harvoni, the second-generation hepatitis C drug, ranked second in the global drug sales list in 2015 and 2016.

This also enabled Gilead to become the top 10 pharmaceutical companies in the world in July 2015, with a market value as high as 160 billion US dollars.

Since then, Gilead has successively acquired pharmaceutical companies with R&D potential such as Epitherapeutics, Kite Pharma and Cell Design Labs, further expanding its pharmaceutical field and territory.

The continuous growth of Gilead’s science is inseparable from its continuous global expansion. This pharmaceutical company entered China in 2007 and established its Shanghai headquarters in 2016.

In 2017, since the first chronic hepatitis C treatment drug Sovadi of Gillette Science was approved in China, eight drugs have been listed in China, covering hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV/ AIDS. The approval of hepatitis B drug Vemlidy in China achieved a 52% increase. Gilead predicted that with the penetration of the US market and the pull of the China market, Vemlidy could achieve a revenue of $1 billion in 2022.

On May 30, 2018, a new drug for the treatment of hepatitis C by Gilead’s pan-genotype was approved in China; In November 2019, four drugs from Gillette Company were included in the 2019 edition of the National Medical Insurance Catalogue.

A few days ago, the news of the recovery of the first confirmed case of Covid-19 came from the United States, and the Remdesivir developed by Gilead Science Company made it the focus of media attention. After the news that taking Remdesivir improved his condition, Gilead rose by 3% immediately after the close. Thus, for Gilead, its global layout has become an indispensable driving force for the continuous growth of the enterprise.

Although the investment in pharmaceutical research and development is high and the cycle is long, gambling can bring high returns. For Gilead, it is because of his long-term concentration and daring to take risks that he can stay ahead in this fierce and high-risk field.

(Titanium media editor Tao Tao integrated from Snowball, sohu finance)

　　Cctv newsFor six defendants, including Zhang Wuya and Lu Shilong, who organized cheating in the 2017 MBA postgraduate examination, the court has sentenced them to fixed-term imprisonment ranging from 4 years to 1 year and 8 months respectively, and imposed fines. Then what are the electronic devices they used to cheat in the examination? What kind of "black industrial chain" is hidden behind it?

Cheating tool

　　This khaki square looks like an eraser at first glance, but when the reporter turns it around, he will find that it is a display with an LCD screen. Such a lady scarf, if not deliberately displayed by the reporter, you would never have found that it had an LCD embedded in it, and these are the answer receivers used by criminal gangs such as Zhang Wuyou and Lv Shilong to organize candidates to cheat.

　　In the court, the reporter also saw the earphone used by Zhang Wuya and other defendants to organize candidates to cheat. It was about the same size as soy beans. After trying to put it in the ear, the reporter found that even if there was no hair cover, it was difficult for outsiders to detect it.

　　Judge Cao Xiaoying, who is in charge of hearing the case, told the reporter that the contact earphone and the display disguised as rubber and scarf are a complete set of cheating equipment. The earphone can listen to the answers, and if the cheating candidates don’t hear clearly, the display can also be viewed.

　　Cheating in exams is organized into groups to form interest chains.

　　In interviews with many cheating cases in organizational examinations, the reporter found that at present, cheating in examinations has shown a trend of gangs and specialization. The division of labor among members of criminal gangs is clear, and the illegal income of crimes is also divided according to prior agreement and proportion.

　　According to the judge, at present, organizing cheating in exams has shown a trend of gangs and specialization. They generally rely on education and training institutions, and some are full-time responsible for purchasing cheating equipment and organizing cheating in exams; Some are full-time responsible for online recruitment of cheating candidates and offline training; Some are responsible for stealing test questions and recruiting gunmen to provide answers. For example, in this postgraduate exam cheating case tried by Haidian Court, the defendant Zhang Wuya, as the principal offender, is the organizer of the whole exam cheating case, and he is responsible for purchasing cheating equipment; Defendants Zhang Zongqun and Zhang Xiayang are his direct downline, and Lv Shilong is Zhang Xiayang’s downline. The three of them are responsible for recruiting cheating candidates, distributing cheating devices purchased by Zhang Wuyou to students, and organizing training for students to use.

　　While the gang committed crimes and the division of labor was clear, the interests were also divided at different levels. Zhang Wuyou charged Zhang Zongqun and Zhang Xiayang 20,000 yuan for each candidate, 10,000 yuan in advance and 10,000 yuan after passing. The fees charged by Zhang Zongqun and Lu Shilong to cheating students range from 30,000 yuan to 45,000 yuan.

　　At the beginning of this year, in the case of cheating in the qualification examination for primary and secondary school teachers tried by Fangshan court in Beijing, the criminal chain was more clear. Three defendants were specifically responsible for stealing test questions from the examination room, two of whom pretended to sign up for the examination, one sneaked the test papers from the examination room, and one hid in the toilet to meet them. The cost was 7,000 yuan. The equipment for sneak shots of test papers is these two mobile phones with specially modified cameras.

　　Cheating in exams, dishonesty, illegal crimes must be investigated.

　　Cheating in exams is a serious dishonest behavior, which directly undermines the fairness and justice of national exams. Such behavior is not only a violation of discipline and law, but also a criminal offence.

　　One of Article 284th of China’s Criminal Law stipulates: whoever cheats in the national examination prescribed by law shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention, and shall also or only be fined; If the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years and shall also be fined.

　　Whoever provides cheating equipment for others to commit the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph and illegally sells or provides examination questions and answers to others shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph.

　　Those who replace others or let others take the national examinations prescribed by law instead of themselves shall be sentenced to criminal detention or public surveillance and shall also or only be fined.

　　The judge specially emphasized that cheating in organizing exams is a crime, and it also constitutes a crime to take the national exam instead of others. According to statistics, since 2016, the courts in Beijing have concluded more than 30 cases of taking exams instead of others, mainly focusing on the national postgraduate entrance examination, the national adult college entrance examination, the motor vehicle driver examination and other types of exams. All the candidates were sentenced to criminal detention ranging from four months to one month and fined.

　　The judge explained that what constitutes the crime of cheating in the exam must be the national exam prescribed by law.

　　In addition to being suspected of constituting a crime and being investigated for criminal responsibility, cheating in the exam will also be given administrative punishment. For example, according to the provisions of the Measures for Handling Violations in National Education Examinations issued by the Ministry of Education, the first punishment for cheating in the exam is that the score of the subject is invalid; Seriously, the results of all stages and subjects that they signed up for the exam are invalid. Cheating by using relevant equipment to receive information; If someone else takes the exam instead of or in place of the candidates, such as the college entrance examination, it may be suspended for one to three years; If the circumstances are particularly serious, they may be suspended from participating in various national education examinations for one to three years.

　　
Xinhuanet Moscow, September 13th (Reporter Lu Jingli) Russian President Vladimir Putin accepted the resignation request of Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Fradkov and his government in the Kremlin on the 12th, and the three-year and four-month ruling course of the current Russian government came to an end. At present, Putin has proposed to the State Duma (the lower house of parliament) that Zubcov, director of the Russian Federal Financial Supervision Bureau, be the prime minister. Although the candidate for the new prime minister has yet to be decided after discussion by the State Duma, public opinion here generally believes that there is no suspense for Zubcov to become prime minister.

　　　　Analysts pointed out that this personnel change reflects that Russian leaders are preparing for parliamentary elections at the end of this year and presidential elections in March next year.

　　　 On September 12th, Russian President Vladimir Putin (left) and Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov were talking at the Kremlin in Moscow, Russia. On the same day, Putin announced that he accepted the resignation request of Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov and his government in order to prepare for the upcoming parliamentary and presidential elections. Xinhua News Agency/AFP

　　　　　Fradkov was commended.

　　　　Putin spoke highly of the work done by the current government when he met with Fradkov on 12th. He said: "In recent years, under your leadership, the Russian government has done a lot of work and achieved important positive results. The gross domestic product has maintained a good growth momentum, the inflation rate has decreased, people’s real income has increased, living standards have improved, and major social projects have been implemented. " In recognition of Fradkov’s contribution as Prime Minister, Putin signed an order to award him the first-class medal of "Meritorious Service to the Motherland".

　　　　Shevchenko, a famous Russian TV presenter, commented that the Fradkov government is the "most active and stable" government in Russia in the past 15 years. Critic Danilin said that the current government has performed its duties well and is the "most professional" government in these years.

　　　　Russian people also gave positive comments to the Fradkov government. A public opinion survey conducted by the Russian Social Public Opinion Research Center at the end of March shows that people generally believe that the government has made achievements in solving the population problem, implementing key projects in the social field, resolving economic and financial problems and improving people’s living standards.

　　　　　What about dissolving the government?

　　　　Since the Fradkov government has done a good job, why did it propose to resign? The dialogue between Fradkov and Putin revealed the reason. Fradkov said, "There will be major political events in the country, and the State Duma and presidential elections will be held soon. I hope that the president will have full freedom in solving personnel and other issues" and there are no restrictions in arranging "the power framework". Putin, on the other hand, said that it is indeed necessary to consider how to arrange government agencies so that they can prepare for the country’s entry into the "period after parliamentary elections and presidential elections in March 2008."

　　　　Putin further explained during his visit to Belgrod State on the 13th that the measures to dissolve the government were taken to make people concentrate on performing their duties better, so that the Russian regime and management system could play an uninterrupted role during and after the general election. From the perspective of reforming the management system, it is best to take necessary measures to solve some personnel problems now, avoid the interruption of work caused by a large number of personnel changes, and clarify the direction of the construction and development of state institutions after the election.

　　　　The Russian authority consists of the president, the government and the parliament. Both the parliament and the president are facing re-election, and there will be a period of adaptation for the whole country after the re-election. During this period, it is very important for government agencies to function step by step, and Putin began to solve the problem of forming a new government three months before the general election in order to let the new government spend more than two months in the running-in period to ensure the smooth transfer of state power. Therefore, in the words of Fradkov, it is "timely" and "reasonable" to resign at this time.

　　　　　Zubcov, a dark horse in politics

This is the information photo of Victor Zubcov taken on March 18th, 2004. Xinhua news agency

　　　　When Putin proposed to the State Duma that Zubcov should take over as the prime minister of the new government, the critics all shouted "surprise" with one voice.

　　　　Zubcov was born in Sverdlovsk region in September 1941. When Putin was the chairman of the Foreign Economic Liaison Committee in St. Petersburg, Zubcov was the vice chairman. Later, he served as the first deputy minister of the Russian Ministry of Finance and is now the director of the Federal Financial Supervision Bureau.

　　　　In November 2001, Zubcov established a financial supervision institution in Russia from scratch. Over the past few years, financial supervision institutions have made outstanding achievements, the anti-money laundering struggle has progressed smoothly in legislation and organization, and Russia’s financial and investment reputation has been greatly improved.

　　　　In an interview with reporters after being nominated as Prime Minister, Zubcov said that corruption is one of the most important problems in Russia today and the main obstacle to improving the efficiency of the state management system. As a result, analysts speculate that Putin used Zubcov to solve the problem of clean government in state institutions. Anti-corruption will be one of the priorities of the new Russian government, and it will also be one of the key tasks before and after the Russian parliament and presidential election.

Editor: Li Xingchi

　　In recent years, Yiqi Town, Tunxi District, Huangshan City, has taken the party building and leading the project of promoting the beauty of rural Gypsy as a breakthrough point, with the goal of strengthening the village and enriching the people, relying on the advantages of local rich natural ecology and cultural atmosphere, and constantly stimulating new vitality of cultural tourism, promoting the deep integration of "agriculture + culture + tourism + sports", empowering the rural area to fully revitalize and go to "poetry and distance" together.

　　Promote the countryside with "agriculture". Firmly establish a "big agricultural concept and a big food concept", based on its own advantages, fully tap the resources of "soil", amplify the advantages of "special", improve the efficiency of "production", focus on industry to promote rural revitalization, and further promote the integration of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries. Up to now, Yiqi Town has developed a total planting area of nearly 2,000 mu of vegetables, fruits, Chinese herbal medicine, etc., and 9 villages have achieved full coverage of municipal "one village and one product" characteristic villages, including one at the national level, which has effectively enhanced the stamina of rural development and driven villagers to increase income and become rich.

　　Promote development with "culture". Actively build cultural venues that integrate publicity and education, culture and entertainment, and sports and fitness. Make use of positions such as the Farmhouse Bookstore and the New Era Civilization Practice Institute to build and strengthen town-level comprehensive cultural service centers and expand public cultural service functions. Accumulatively equipped with more than 10 kinds of fitness equipment and more than 10,000 books in the Farmhouse Bookstore, make fitness, leisure, and reading the most beautiful scenery in the countryside, and make the cultural positions more cultural and rural characteristics. At the same time, make use of the slack season and important festivals to organize cultural backbones to arrange lively and exciting programs, and spread new ideas in the new era in the form of down-to-earth, willing to watch, and educated literature and art.

　　In the future with the "travel" period. Deeply tap the potential of rural tourism resources and explore the "new password" of rural tourism. Integrating traditional skills such as emblem paint, stinky mandarin fish processing, and Tunxi green tea processing, five high-quality routes such as Hui cultural experience research, park industry, and ecological picking have been launched, which have driven more than 100 villagers to increase their income steadily, with an average annual increase of more than 12,000 yuan. Actively develop leisure tourism projects such as "surrounding research" and "rural picking", and successively introduce Diu Diu Xiong Ecological Farm, Tower Coffee, etc., and open more than 10 new business models such as tea brewing around the stove and camping for leisure. Continue to improve the efficiency of rural revitalization and development, and accelerate the gradual transformation of "beautiful resources" into "beautiful economy".

　　Build the brand with "body". Actively carry out sports and intellectual activities of characteristic chess, vigorously promote the external publicity and popularization of chess culture, and invest more than 100,000 yuan to promote chess culture into campuses, institutions, rural areas, enterprises, and families. At the same time, Weiqi Town Central Primary School made it clear in the after-school service that Weiqi is a compulsory course. The school was successfully selected for the second batch of "National Weiqi Characteristic Schools (Kindergartens) " in 2023, which is the only one in the province. The rural bookstores in 9 villages of the town are fully equipped with chess equipment and books, and the chess culture course is included in the "Wednesday Night School" of the town organs, creating a strong atmosphere for learning chess and playing chess.

　　Four people, including Jiang, bought 7,800 group purchase coupons for 7-day hotel stay at the price of each 18 yuan on Qunar.com, and then Qunar.com unilaterally frozen all the group purchase coupons and refunded them, which caused disputes between the two sides. After the court of first instance rejected the prosecution of Jiang, Jiang appealed to Beijing No.1 Intermediate People’s Court. Yesterday morning, the second trial of the case was held in Beijing No.1 Intermediate People’s Court.

　　The 116 yuan hotel group purchase coupon was wrongly marked as 18 yuan.

　　In August 2014, Xingzhi Hotel reached an agreement with the fun company affiliated to Qunar.com on the 7-day hotel chain Wuxi Central Station Store, where Qunar.com released the group purchase marketing information of the hotel and provided users with electronic consumption vouchers, which were recognized by the hotel.

　　In November, 2014, Qunar.com published a group purchase product of "7-day hotel chain Central Station Store staying in a traditional twin room for one night" in Wuxi, with a discount of 0.9%, and the group purchase price was 18 yuan. Jiang, Wang, Zhu and Wang bought 2100 copies, 2500 copies, 1900 copies and 1300 copies of goods respectively, which are valid for one year, and paid all the group purchase money, and have received the electronic group purchase coupons issued by the website of Funa Company.

　　On the first day of the product’s launch, some people spent money with 18 yuan’s group purchase coupons. Qunar.com found that it mislabeled the room with a total price of 116 yuan as 18 yuan, and then unilaterally frozen the above 7,800 group purchase coupons and made a refund.

　　After receiving the refund notice, Jiang and others sent letters to Qunar.com several times, asking them to perform the contract according to the contract, but they were rejected. Later, Jiang and other four people appealed to the court, requesting that Qunar.com continue to fulfill the group purchase according to the group purchase information published on the website.

　　Violate the principle of fairness and dismiss the prosecution in the first instance.

　　When the case was opened in the first instance, Qunar.com said that the employee mislabeled the original cost price of 109 yuan as 7 yuan on the day of the incident, and then the system automatically generated the group purchase price 18 yuan. In the process of reaching an online service contract with four people, including Jiang, there were frauds and major misunderstandings, and the conclusion and contents of the contract violated the basic principles of voluntariness, equal compensation, honesty and credit, fairness and so on. If we continue to perform the contract, it will cause huge losses to the company. Therefore, we request the court to reject the claims of Jiang and others, and file a counterclaim to request the cancellation of the group purchase contract involved.

　　The court of first instance held that qunar. com’s group purchase information was wrong in expression, and if the group purchaser bought the hotel check-in service with 18 yuan’s group purchase coupon, the payment and service were seriously unequal, which violated the principle of fairness.

　　The court held that the prices of the 7-day chain hotels in Wuxi involved in the case were all above 100 yuan, and even the hotels with relatively simple facilities needed at least 29 yuan. According to the first-instance judgment, the court revoked the online sales contract reached by four people, including Jiang and Qunar.com, on hotel group purchase coupons, and rejected other claims. Jiang and other four people refused to accept the appeal.

　　Qunar. com called consumers "cheating"

　　When the second trial was held yesterday, Qunar.com said that after the price was found to be wrong, the website removed the related products. For some consumers who have already purchased, they will be allowed to continue to stay. "But when we inquired about the appellant’s information, we found that they were suspected of cheating, so we frozen the group purchase coupon and refunded it."

　　The agent of Qunar.com said that the reason why it is suspected of cheating is because "they are all newly registered users on the day of purchase, and the time period for purchasing group purchase coupons is also the same, and the IP address of their Internet access is the IP address of the hotel."

　　Jiang and others denied this statement. "I bought it when I thought it was cheap, and I didn’t consider so much." In addition, regarding Qunar.com’s unilateral freezing of group purchase coupons, Jiang and others said, "If the other party thinks that the contract can be revoked, it should be handled in accordance with the law, and the group purchase coupons cannot be frozen and refunded unilaterally. We believe that this behavior violates the relevant provisions of the contract law and is a breach of contract."

　　In addition, there are some scattered buyers of the group purchase products involved, and Qunar.com has fulfilled these contracts normally. This differential treatment violates the appellant’s right to fair trade.

　　Yesterday, the court did not pronounce a sentence in court.

　　Text/reporter Kong Dejun