标签： 419上海

Behind the questioning, can BYD ＂Qin＂ make up for it？

Since BYD began to expand its automobile business, the concept of new energy vehicles has attracted more attention. In 2008, Buffett’s subsidiary became a strategic investor of BYD, which pushed BYD to the stage. However, in recent years, BYD’s development has not been smooth sailing. The safety and practicability of new energy vehicles have been questioned by many parties. After experiencing a big decline in 2012, the company’s share price began to pick up last year. Has BYD ushered in a new spring? Will Tesla’s entry into the China market have an impact on BYD? Can the launch of "Qin" promote BYD’s spring arrival?

BYD’s business can be divided into three categories: rechargeable battery business, mobile phone parts and assembly business, and automobile business including traditional fuel vehicles and new energy vehicles, in addition to expanding related new energy products.

BYD’s new energy vehicles always attract people’s attention for the first time. However, the other two major businesses of the Group also account for about 50% of the revenue sources, and their profitability cannot be ignored. In recent years, the proportion of automobile business income has increased year by year, and the company has invested more efforts in the automobile business that has attracted much attention. The proportion of secondary rechargeable batteries has basically remained at 10%, which is a relatively stable and mature business in the company, but it is not the future growth point of the company.The company’s future development focus is mainly on new energy business, including solar power stations, energy storage power stations, electric vehicles, LED and other green products..

BYD is very good at manufacturing rechargeable batteries, and its main customers include mobile phone brands such as Nokia, Samsung and Huawei, as well as global manufacturers of power tools and other portable electronic equipment such as Bosch and TTI. Lithium-ion batteries and nickel batteries produced by the Group are widely used in mobile phones, digital cameras, power tools, electric toys and other portable electronic devices and electric products.

In terms of mobile phone components and assembly business, BYD provides vertically integrated one-stop service, designs and produces mobile phone and computer components such as keyboard, LCD module and camera, and provides complete machine design and assembly services, but does not produce its own brand of mobile phones and computers. Its customers include: Nokia, Apple, HTC, Samsung, Motorola, Huawei, Pratt & Whitney, Toshiba and so on.

In 2003, BYD officially acquired Xi ‘an Qinchuan Automobile Co., Ltd., entered the field of automobile manufacturing and sales, and began the development journey of national independent brand cars, with production and sales exceeding 2 million vehicles. Automobile products include all kinds of high, medium and low-end series fuel cars, as well as automobile molds, auto parts, dual-mode electric vehicles and pure electric vehicles. Representative models include F3, F3R, F6, F0, S8, G3, M6, L3 and other traditional high-quality fuel vehicles, as well as the world-leading F3DM dual-mode electric vehicles, e6 pure electric vehicles and K9 pure electric buses.

BYD has also established a joint venture with Daimler, a luxury car brand, to jointly research and develop electric vehicles. At present, its Tengshi brand has been listed.

On April 28th, BYD released the first quarterly report of 2014, which realized operating income of 11.724 billion yuan, down 9.0% year-on-year, and realized net profit attributable to the parent company of 12 million yuan, down 89.4% year-on-year. According to the analysis of UBS Securities,On the one hand, the decline in sales volume is due to BYD putting most of its energy into the research and development of new energy vehicles, which leads to the slow pace of research and development and launch of traditional automobile business models; On the other hand, the competition in China’s automobile market is becoming more and more fierce. If you don’t advance, you will retreat, and the competitiveness of BYD’s old models (such as Su Rui and F3) will decline.BYD also admitted in the report that the decline of traditional automobile business was the main reason for dragging down BYD’s profit in the first quarter.

BYD Group not only has government payment in policy, but also has considerable government subsidies. Take its pure electric vehicle E6 as an example, the price range of E6 is 309.8-33 million. E6 pioneers can enjoy a total of 114,000 yuan of state subsidies and local subsidies. The price for consumers to buy e6 luxury terminals is 195,800 yuan, and the price for purchasing e6 elite terminals is 216,000 yuan. Government subsidies account for about 34% of the original price, and the subsidized price is really attractive to consumers. Judging from the annual reports of the past five years, government subsidies have been increasing, reaching about 670,000 in 2013. Although it is still not enough to compensate BYD’s high expenses, government subsidies are only a unique policy of BYD in its growth period. However, in the short term, the government’s support attitude towards BYD Group’s projects is very clear, and everything depends on whether BYD can grasp the development opportunities.

In addition, BYD’s R&D expenditure has remained at a level of about 1.3 billion in the past five years, with no significant increase or decrease, and the distribution expenses are basically between 1.5 billion and 2 billion.

BYD’s operating cash flow decreased by nearly half in 2013, and most of the cash at the end of the year came from cash flow from financing. On May 30th this year, BYD also issued 121,900,000 new H shares to supplement its working capital, and the funds raised will be used for the new energy automobile business. However, the market reactions in the two places were mixed, with A shares rising sharply and H shares falling sharply.

Through the above financial analysis, we find that BYD is still in the growth stage, with huge expenses in all aspects and weak current profitability. Although the current P/E ratio is nearly 130 times, most investors value its profitability in the next few years.After BYD released its first quarterly report in 2014, its profitability and cash flow did not improve, resulting in a sharp drop in its share price. Among them, the investment loss reached nearly 8.6 million RMB. The company disclosed that most of the losses were caused by the investment loss of the joint venture company. The parent company increased investment and development in all aspects at the same time when the business has not grown steadily. This can only make up for the tight cash flow by issuing additional shares or increasing financing.

BYD has not really stimulated consumers in private cars, mainly because consumers are worried about endurance and safety, and BYD’s car design and logo have been criticized by the masses. For consumers, environmental protection may be far less important than appearance and performance.

Compared with other automobile brands, BYD is obviously favored by more governments, which is related to BYD’s more professionalism in the field of new energy. At present, there are 800 E6 pure electric taxis and 220 K9 pure electric buses in Shenzhen, which are used as pilot cities to promote electric buses. In May, 2013, the pure electric bus was operated in Hongkong. Outside the China market, BYD’s K9 electric bus had trial operation projects in the United States, Spain, Hungary, Austria, Belgium and the Netherlands.

Investment point of view

New energy industry

BYD is a leading representative in China in its industry. With the reduction of natural resources such as oil, the traditional automobile industry will be the most affected, and the future will be the world of new energy industry. Therefore, the state will give subsidies to the new energy industry in terms of policies and funds. However, BYD, as a battery-making enterprise, has not invested in the field of new energy vehicles smoothly. Although the enterprise has its own brand and professional technology, many traditional automobile brand companies have begun to develop new energy vehicles or low fuel consumption, such as Toyota Prius, Nissan leaf and Ford fusion. With its strong capital, original market share and brand awareness, BYD’s automobile business is also facing many competitors. Future new energy vehicle projects in China still depend on brand building, energy saving and green premium ability.

At present, BYD has adjusted its three major businesses in the future to photovoltaic power generation, energy storage power stations and new energy vehicles, and it is expected that it will continue to invest in research and development and construction of energy storage power stations in the short term. At the technical analysis meeting in 2013, Wang Chuanfu, the president of the group, announced the "dual-drive strategy"-one is to develop energy-saving technologies in both traditional fuel vehicles and new energy vehicles, and the other is to promote dual-engine dual-mode in the personal market and pure electric vehicles in the public transport market. From the naturally aspirated engine with energy-saving technology, to the world-synchronous TID powertrain, to the green hybrid technology, to the dual-engine dual-mode power and pure electric vehicles, BYD has completed the strategic layout from single-drive to dual-drive, and gradually strengthened the energy management system.

The investment in BYD should not only be analyzed from its current profitability or short-term stock price changes, but also from a medium-and long-term perspective to look at the strategic value and significance of the new energy automobile industry chain and lock in the future technological innovation and consumption orientation.

Although the mobile phone parts and assembly services and rechargeable battery business, which together account for about 50% of the revenue, are fiercely competitive in the industry, BYD can still obtain objective income in this field with the increase of mobile phone sales. The capital market is optimistic about this business, and many rating agencies rate BYD Electronics as "buy".

BYD and Tesla

Tesla, which has attracted much attention, began to enter the China market and set up energy storage stations in major cities. Although Tesla also produces new energy vehicles, it is not completely competitive with BYD. Tesla is the first electric vehicle in the world to give up the traditional lithium iron phosphate battery for vehicles and choose a laptop battery. In fact, the price of Tesla in the United States is more than 80,000 US dollars, and the tariff, value-added tax and transportation cost entering China account for 33% of the current domestic price. Tesla is positioned in the high-end market, and its price is far from BYD. Comparing BYD’s "Tang" to "Model X" is because Tesla’s seven-seat SUV also adopts the same power layout: one motor for the front and one motor for the rear axle, thus forming a four-wheel drive system. However, because the target market is different and the consumer demand is different, BYD’s R&D, products, market and brand positioning are different from Tesla’s.

However, it is worthy of our attention that Tesla’s cruising range can reach 500 kilometers, and BYD Qin’s cruising range can reach 70 kilometers in pure electric mode. Although the hybrid mode can be used to make up for the lack of cruising range when running long distances, if Tesla can make a model with mass price in the future, it may pose challenges to BYD.

The Third Professional Skills Competition for Postgraduates’ Mental Health Services in Fujian Province was held in Rong.

　　Cctv news On December 11th, the 3rd Fujian Postgraduate Mental Health Service Professional Skills Competition hosted by Fujian Academic Degrees Committee Office and undertaken by Fuzhou University was held in Rong.

　　The contest invited psychologists from Nanjing University, Huazhong Normal University, Fuzhou University, Fujian Normal University, Fujian Medical University and other universities as judges. Postgraduates from psychology, social work, special education and other psychology-related majors in colleges and universities in the province participated in the competition.

　　The final of the contest was conducted in three forms: core knowledge quiz, on-site simulation consultation and guidance, and on-site question and answer. The professional ability of the contestants was investigated from different angles of theory and practice. In the face of visitors with different occupations, personalities and situations, the contestants fully demonstrated the confident and professional conversation style of psychological counselors, and deeply empathized with the visitors through consultation techniques such as concentration and listening, and established a stable and good consultation relationship and psychological alliance.

On-site of the Third Postgraduate Mental Health Service Professional Skills Competition in Fujian Province

On-site of the Third Postgraduate Mental Health Service Professional Skills Competition in Fujian Province

　　In the end, Li Na, a 2020 graduate student majoring in psychology from Fuzhou University, and Tian Shuqin and Zhuo Jin from Fujian Normal University won the special prize. The competition also selected 6 first prizes, 15 second prizes and 6 excellent prizes, and Fuzhou University and Fujian Medical University won excellent organization awards.

　　Zhang Jiali, a contestant from the School of Psychology of Fujian Normal University, said that it is quite a test for him to quickly empathize with visitors and establish communication within a limited period of eight minutes. "Usually, I have little contact with similar difficult cases, and the game is very tense." But at the same time, the players also gained growth, friendship and ability. "In the future, we will sum up the experience and shortcomings of the competition and better help different visitors. This is the greatest significance of our participation in the competition and the original intention of studying psychology. "

The contestants conducted on-site simulation case consultation.

Players conduct on-site simulation case consultation.

　　Associate Professor Zhao Lingbo, director of the Department of Applied Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Fuzhou University, said that the contest focused on common mental health problems such as life adaptation, academic anxiety, interpersonal communication, family relations and so on, and it was of great significance to help graduate students apply theory to practice and closely link their professional studies with the development of the country and society.

　　The purpose of this competition is to adapt to the development of the times and the needs of the national strategy, to promote the reform of the ways and means of cultivating master of psychology in Fujian Province, to encourage graduate students of psychology to consolidate their professional knowledge and skills, and to improve the training quality of high-end talents in mental health services. Meng Yingfang, chairman of the Fujian Psychological Society, said that this competition is a good platform for graduate students majoring in psychology to show and improve themselves, and it has tapped the inherent potential of the players to become excellent consultants. "Promoting teaching by competition and promoting learning by competition" provides a valuable opportunity for graduate students to cultivate problem awareness and accumulate practical experience. (Yang Wenying, Lan Miao)

China’s Embassy in the United States held a commemoration of the 52nd anniversary of China-US Ping-Pong Diplomacy.

On the evening of December 13th, 2023, China’s Embassy in the United States held a commemoration of the 52nd anniversary of China-US Ping-Pong Diplomacy. Ambassador Xie Feng attended and delivered a speech. Fang Fang, Vice President of Peking University, Qiao Luoslan, Director of the International Department of the United States International Olympic Committee, Bai Lijuan, Vice President of the National Committee on US-China Relations, Charles, President of the American Table Tennis Association, and more than 300 guests from all walks of life in the United States attended.

谢锋大使首先欢迎北京大学乒乓球代表团访问华盛顿并举行友谊赛，向出席活动的“乒乓外交”参与者和亲历者代表康妮·史维利斯和戴尔·史维利斯夫妇、白莉娟女士、史伯明先生致敬，向长期关心支持中美关系发展的各界朋友表示衷心感谢。

谢锋表示，半个世纪过去了，“乒乓外交”的历史经验和指导意义历久弥新，继续给我们以启迪。

一是把握大势，坚持战略引领。52年前，在冷战阴霾下，两国领导人以非凡的战略眼光、政治勇气和外交智慧，通过“小球转动大球”，打开中美重新交往大门，拉开中美关系正常化序幕，撬动了国际格局变化，影响了世界历史走向。一个月前，习近平主席同拜登总统在旧金山举行历史性会晤，探讨新时期中美正确相处之道，开辟面向未来的“旧金山愿景”。习近平主席提出的“五个共同”为中美关系稳定发展浇筑起五根支柱。会晤巩固了中美关系止跌企稳势头，为变乱交织的世界注入了难得的确定性稳定性，受到两国和国际社会普遍欢迎。

二是厚植民心，推进人文交流。中美都是伟大的国家，两国人民善良友好、勤劳务实，彼此抱有强烈好感和浓厚兴趣。一个月前，习近平主席在旧金山美国友好欢迎宴会上发表演讲，深情讲述与美国民众交往的友好故事，强调中美关系的根基是由人民浇筑的、大门是由人民打开的、故事是由人民书写的、未来是由人民创造的，引发两国民众强烈共鸣。

三是相互尊重，发扬体育精神。在“乒乓外交”的带动下，体育成为中美民心相通的桥梁和纽带。体育崇尚进取，追求卓越，又要求相互尊重、彼此欣赏、取长补短、共同提高。体育必须遵守规则，公平竞争，而不能挖坑使绊，既当裁判员、又当运动员；不能只许自己挥拍，却捆绑对方手脚，甚至连上场机会都不给对方；应该集中精力提升自我，而不是挖空心思拉低对方；应该捉对比拼，而不能拉帮结伙打群架；应该开放包容，超越差异，场上是对手，场下仍应是朋友。

Xie Feng emphasized that Sino-US relations are at a new crossroads. The times call on us to draw wisdom and strength from "ping-pong diplomacy", so as to stabilize and improve Sino-US relations, achieve healthy, stable and sustainable development, and reassure the two peoples and the world. It is necessary to realize the "re-melting" of relations between the two countries. I hope that the United States will work with China to establish a correct understanding, start from scratch, start today, practice mutual respect, peaceful coexistence, win-win cooperation, and suppress the negative narrative of zero-sum game with successful stories of mutually beneficial cooperation. It is necessary to promote "re-contact" between the two peoples. Covid-19 hinders face-to-face communication, and trade wars and science and technology wars will only lead to confrontation and conflict. Contact and dialogue can avoid misjudgment, gradually get out of the predicament and rebuild mutual trust. We should support the people of the two countries to move more, communicate more and hold hands more. It is necessary to promote the "re-starting" of Sino-US relations. The San Francisco meeting is not the end, but a new starting point. It is imperative to do a good job in follow-up work and strengthen the management of the whole process, especially to implement the consensus of the meeting between the two heads of state to the letter, so that the "San Francisco Vision" can shine into reality and benefit the two countries and the world. We expect the US to move in the opposite direction with China, take actions, especially to prevent repetition, not to take a step further or even a step back, and not to set up new obstacles for bilateral relations.

Joe Rossland, director of the International Department of the United States International Olympic Committee, said that ping-pong diplomacy embodies the power of sports, is the common language of people all over the world, can cross national boundaries, transcend barriers, and reflect the goodwill and good wishes among people. Let’s cultivate friendship, build mutual trust and unite to contribute to world peace.

In 1972, Ms. Bai Lijuan, who received the China table tennis team’s return visit to the United States, said that the American table tennis team’s visit to China in 1971 was not only a turning point in my life, but also a turning point in Sino-US relations. The historical experience of "ping-pong diplomacy" proves that although the United States and China have different cultural traditions and social systems, they can fully respect each other and live in peace.

Charles, president of the American Table Tennis Association, said that table tennis is an important bridge for exchanges between Chinese and American people, and he thanked the Sweellis for their important role in promoting table tennis in the United States and promoting Sino-US friendship.

Mr. and Mrs. Svellis, members of the American table tennis team who participated in the "Ping-Pong Diplomacy" personally, shared their experiences and feelings, saying that they once thought that China athletes were distant legends, but they became close friends after getting along, and the people of the United States and China could become friends completely, instead of enemies. I hope that the younger generation will inherit the spirit of "ping pong diplomacy", strengthen communication and exchange, and grow and progress together.

After the speech, China and the United States formed a mixed team to hold a friendly match to relive history and renew friendship together. Ambassador Xie Feng and Ms. Connie Smiles kicked off the exhibition match. World champions Liu Wei, Ding Ning, etc. had a discussion with American table tennis fans, vividly interpreting the spirit of "table tennis diplomacy" of "friendship first, competition second", and the contestants’ wonderful performances drew applause from the audience.

The Embassy in the United States also specially prepared a cake commemorating the 52nd anniversary of Ping-Pong Diplomacy. Ambassador Xie Feng cut the cake and shared delicious food with the guests attending the event.

The guests talked about exchanges and shared friendship, unanimously spoke highly of the historical significance of "ping-pong diplomacy" and expressed their willingness to contribute to enhancing mutual understanding and friendship between the two peoples and promoting the healthy and stable development of Sino-US relations.

[Editor: Hu Xiaoshan]

A comprehensive distinction between ＂culture＂ and ＂civilization＂

Authors: Wang Ruliang, Hou Chuanwen (School of History, Nanjing University, College of Literature, Qingdao University)

Culture and civilization are two important categories in the field of humanities and social sciences, and they are also a pair of terms with similarities, differences and complex relationships. There have always been different views on the connotation and extension of the two and the relationship between them, or different perspectives, or positions first, and no relatively consistent and clear understanding has been formed. The author tries to distinguish it from a comprehensive perspective.

Definition: broad sense and narrow sense

From the perspective of etymology, the original meaning of "culture" is cultivation and farming. Compared with nature, everything created by human processing belongs to culture. Therefore, one of the most extensive definitions of culture is "culture is humanization", which means all human activities and their achievements. Taylor, a British cultural anthropologist, put forward in his book Primitive Culture that "culture or civilization, in its broad ethnological sense, is a complex whole including knowledge, faith, art, morality, law, customs and the abilities and habits acquired by anyone as a member of society". He regards culture and civilization as synonyms and refers to them as the overall achievement of human activities.

Culture in a broad sense can be divided into material, system, custom, spirit and other levels: material culture refers to the results created by manual labor; Institutional culture, including macro-level laws and regulations, administrative system and micro-level rules and regulations; Custom culture refers to customs, traditions and practices that have been established and passed down from generation to generation; Spiritual culture refers to the achievements of human spiritual activities with literature, history, philosophy, ethics, religion and aesthetics as the main connotations. Culture in a narrow sense mainly refers to human spiritual activities and their achievements, which is the fourth level in the above broad understanding. Marxism holds that "a certain culture is the ideological reflection of politics and economy in a certain society", and regards culture as a certain ideological form, that is, it belongs to a narrow understanding.

The word "civilization" originated from the ancient Latin civis and civilis, its original meaning is urban residents, and it is extended to the citizenship of the Romans, which means that it is superior to the living conditions of foreigners at that time, especially barbarians, so "civilization" is relative to "savage" or "primitive". However, the evolution and use of "civilization" in later generations are far more complicated. Fukuzawa Yukichi, a modern Japanese enlightenment thinker, pointed out: "The meaning of civilization can be interpreted in a broad sense and a narrow sense. In a narrow sense, it is simply to increase the material needs of human beings by manpower or to increase the appearance decoration of food, clothing and shelter. If interpreted in a broad sense, it is not only to pursue the enjoyment of food, clothing and shelter, but also to inspire Xiu De and raise mankind to a noble realm. " That is to say, the narrow sense of civilization is limited to the development in the material field, while the broad sense of civilization includes the development in the material field and the progress in the spiritual field. In his understanding, man is a senior life pursuing meaning, and naturally he should not be satisfied with food and clothing for a while; Civilization is dynamic, and awakening, independence and civilization are the only way for a nation to achieve civilization. In the context of China, the word "civilization" is often understood in its broad sense. For example, the Encyclopedia of China (Philosophical Volume) interprets civilization as the sum of material and spiritual achievements of human beings in transforming the world, and the History of Chinese Civilization edited by Yuan Xingpei also decomposes civilization into three aspects in its general introduction: material civilization, political civilization and spiritual civilization.

Relationship: diachronic and synchronic

From the diachronic point of view, "civilization" is the product of the development of culture to a certain stage, and the two have their own priorities. In a broad sense, culture is humanization. Since people came into being, there has been conscious or unconscious cultural creation, but not since people came into being. In this sense, civilization is a concept that represents the evolution of human history, as opposed to the uncivilized and barbaric cultural state. This can also be derived from the western etymology of the two: the root of culture, whose original meaning is farming, originated from the early agricultural production mode of human beings, and the root of civilization, whose original meaning is urban and civil, originated from the urban life that appeared in the later period of human beings.

The discussion on the symbol of civilization mainly focuses on the following aspects: politically, there are large urban settlements, magnificent public buildings, obvious class division of residents and the formation of a country; Economically, there is a developed social division of labor and commodity exchange, a relatively fixed tax system or a regular tribute system; Ideologically, there are relatively unified religious beliefs of the whole nation, including objects of worship and sacrificial ceremonies; In culture and education, there are the use of words and the development of science and technology, and there are some forms of schools. Only a society with the above symbols and characteristics in culture can be considered as a civilized society. In other words, the formation of a civilized society needs the accumulation and breakthrough of culture and special conditions and opportunities; Civilization is the result of human beings’ transformation of nature, society and themselves to a certain extent, and it is an advanced stage of cultural development.

From a synchronic point of view, there are two main types of understanding of the relationship between them at present. In the first category, the two are regarded as synonyms, which are interlinked and cross-cutting, and can be broadly understood as human activities and their achievements, either undifferentiated or biased. The former is like Taylor’s understanding in Primitive Culture, and the latter is like Qian Mu’s point of view, "Generally civilized culture refers to the life of human groups. Civilization is on the outside, which belongs to the material aspect. Cultural bias is a spiritual aspect. " The second category regards civilization as an aggregate that embodies cultural identity and classifies cultures. Huntington, an American scholar, thinks in The Clash of Civilizations and the Reconstruction of World Order that "a civilization is the most extensive cultural entity … civilization is the highest cultural classification of people and the widest range of people’s cultural identity". This view is more representative in international academic circles, such as The Decline of the West by Bingler, Historical Research by Toynbee, and The Rise of the West-The History of Human Community by McNeill. Huntington took religion as the main symbol to define different civilizations, and divided the world after the Cold War into eight civilizations: Christian civilization, Confucian civilization, Islamic civilization, Japanese civilization, Indian civilization, Orthodox civilization, Latin American civilization and African civilization. This is similar to the four major cultural circles in the world: European and American cultural circles with Christian culture as the main body, East Asian cultural circles with Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism as the main body, South Asian cultural circles with Hinduism and Buddhism as the main body, and West Asian and North African cultural circles with Islamic culture as the main body. Comparatively speaking, "cultural circle" has been replaced by "civilization" in appellation.The number has expanded from four to many, and the same thing is that religion is the dividing standard.

Application: subjective and objective

Culture and civilization are objective academic terms, which do not reflect specific value judgments. However, in the process of practical application, it is often artificially subjective, and the more representative ones are "culture-centered theory" and "civilization superiority theory".

Cultural-centered theory takes "self" culture as the center, and holds that self-culture’s beliefs, values, lifestyles and behavioral norms are superior to "other" culture. It may be generated and used between different cultural groups, different cultural categories and different cultural regions within the same civilization, and it may also be generated and used between different civilizations. The former is like Huaxia centralism in ancient China, and the latter is like Western centralism in modern times. The theoretical point of the latter is that after the Enlightenment, bourgeois revolution and industrial revolution, western culture is more advanced and developed than the East in politics, economy, science and technology, representing historical progress and inevitability.

In view of all kinds of cultural centralism, in the second half of the 20th century, the debate between cultural universalism and cultural relativism arose all over the world. Cultural universalism holds that the truth and value of human beings are universal and absolute, and human cultures have similar goals, unified values and common laws of development, which will surely be unified under the leadership of advanced and advanced cultures. Cultural relativism is the result of reflection on deconstructing cultural universalism and facing multicultural phenomena. It emphasizes that each culture has heterogeneity and independence that other cultures cannot share. Therefore, culture is relative and cannot be compared according to a unified model. The author believes that culture has both universality and relativity. Universality is the commonality of human culture, and relativity is the individuality of various cultures. Only by recognizing the commonness of culture and respecting the individuality of culture can we break away from the stereotype of cultural centralism.

The theory of superiority of civilization is a subjective argument that advocates that one’s own civilization is superior to other civilizations in history or reality. In history, the most representative is the "white superiority theory" based on racial differences. Morgan pointed out in "Ancient Society": "Aryans and Sumerians were the first to break away from the civilized state among all branches of human beings … These two groups were essentially the founders of civilization." Because Aryans and semu are both white, some westerners draw the conclusion that white people created civilization earlier, and then form the theory of white superiority. In fact, the four ancient civilizations in the East were all multi-racial, and the yellow race, black race and white race all participated in the creation of civilizations. In reality, the most representative is the theory of stagnation of eastern civilization, which is another form of the theory of superiority of western civilization. Its main point is that the eastern civilization, which has tended to be patterned and stereotyped in philosophy, literature, education and other fields since modern times, has been in a state of stagnation and needs to be stimulated and saved by the western civilization, which has been constantly reborn and developed sharply. This argument became an excuse for colonialists to invade and expand. For example, Fukuzawa Yukichi once advocated the war of aggression against China as a "war of civilization".

In this regard, in 1853, Marx put forward the scientific conclusion of colonialism’s dual mission in two articles: British rule in India and the future result of British rule in India. "Britain has to complete its dual mission in India: one is to destroy the old Asian society; The other is the mission of reconstruction, that is, to lay a material foundation for a western-style society in Asia. " In other words, the colonialists "acted as an unconscious tool of history" while doing all the bad things. This is the dialectics of history, not the so-called victory of superior civilization.

In a word, culture and civilization need to distinguish between broad and narrow meanings according to specific contexts. The relationship between them can be analyzed from the synchronic and diachronic perspectives. The theory of cultural center and the theory of civilization superiority are the results of the subjective application of these two concepts, which should be clearly understood.

(This article is the phased achievement of the major project "Oriental Cultural History" (11-ZD 082) of the National Social Science Fund)

Source: China Social Sciences Network-China Social Sciences News

Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the Overall Plan of Football Reform and Development in China

General Office of the State Council on Printing and Distributing China Football
Notice of the overall plan for reform and development
Guo Ban Fa [2015] No.11

各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府，国务院各部委、各直属机构：
　　《中国足球改革发展总体方案》已经党中央、国务院同意，现印发给你们，请认真贯彻执行。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　国务院办公厅
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　2015年3月8日
　　（本文有删减）

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中国足球改革发展总体方案

　　党的十八大以来，以习近平同志为总书记的党中央把振兴足球作为发展体育运动、建设体育强国的重要任务摆上日程。习近平总书记多次指示要下决心把我国足球事业搞上去，李克强总理高度重视足球等体育事业和体育产业工作，国务院多次专题研究部署，我国足球改革发展迎来了前所未有的大好机遇。
　　足球运动具有广泛的社会影响，深受广大群众喜爱。发展和振兴足球，对提高国民身体素质、丰富文化生活、弘扬爱国主义集体主义精神、培育体育文化、发展体育产业、实现体育强国梦具有重要意义，对经济、社会、文化建设也具有积极促进作用。我国足球曾在亚洲取得良好成绩，从20世纪90年代初期开始探索发展职业足球，改革一度带来活力，但由于对足球的价值和规律认识不足，急功近利的思想行为严重，组织管理体制落后，人才匮乏，监管缺失，导致足球发展的社会基础薄弱，行业风气和竞赛秩序混乱，运动成绩持续下滑。
　　2009年以来，通过以打击假赌黑为重点的治理整顿、发展校园足球等举措，足球事业趋势向好，迎来一个新的高潮。但相对于迅速发展的世界和亚洲足球，我国足球仍全方位落后。振兴足球是建设体育强国的必然要求，也是人民群众的热切期盼。坚定不移地推进改革、振兴足球，并以此为突破口深化体育管理体制改革，是体育战线贯彻落实党的十八大和十八届二中、三中、四中全会精神，顺应人民群众新期待，提升中国体育大国形象，实现体育强国梦的实际行动。为贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署，特制定本方案。
　　一、总体要求
　　（一）指导思想。以邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观为指导，全面贯彻落实党的十八大和十八届二中、三中、四中全会精神，深入学习贯彻习近平总书记系列重要讲话精神，把足球改革发展作为建设体育强国的重要举措，坚持问题导向，改革创新体制，遵循足球发展规律，弘扬中华体育精神，加强思想作风和队伍建设，努力建立专业高效、系统完备、民主开放、运转灵活、法制健全、保障有力的体制机制，推动我国足球事业不断迈上新台阶。
　　(2) Basic principles.
　　-Combining national conditions with international experience. Proceeding from the reality of Chinese football, we should learn from the experience of developed football countries, embark on a new road of football reform and development with China characteristics, and fully realize the social value and function of football.
　　-combining long-term perspective with solid foundation. Strengthen top-level design and pay attention to strategic implementation; Consolidate the population base, facilities base, management base and cultural base of football development, and make continuous efforts for a long time.
　　-combining innovation and reconstruction with problem management. Emancipate the mind, change ideas, optimize the combination of elements and innovate the development platform; Respect the law, handle the relationship between current and long-term, key and general, scale and benefit, strengthen scientific governance and solve development problems.
　　-combining the national system with the market mechanism. Give full play to the advantages of the socialist system, integrate resources and form a joint force; Give full play to the role of the market mechanism, stimulate vitality, create a fair and honest environment, and encourage the protection of equal competition.
　　-combining the development of football with the promotion of national fitness. Achieve popularization and improvement, mass football and competitive football promote each other, promote the coordinated development and all-round progress of football, promote national fitness and enhance people’s physique.
　　(3) Main objectives.Incorporate the development of football into the economic and social development plan and implement the "three-step" strategy.
　　—— Short-term goal: improve the environment and atmosphere of football development, straighten out the football management system, formulate the medium and long-term development plan of football, innovate the football management mode with China characteristics, and form a pattern of coordinated development of football career and football industry.
　　Medium-term goal: the youth football population has increased significantly, the organization and competition level of professional leagues have reached the first class in Asia, the national men’s soccer team has been among the top in Asia, and the women’s soccer team has returned to the ranks of world-class strong teams.
　　-Long-term goal: China’s football will achieve all-round development, football will become a sport in which the masses generally participate, and the whole society will form a healthy football culture; The organization and competition level of professional leagues have entered the advanced ranks in the world; Actively bid for the FIFA Men’s Football World Cup; The international competitiveness of the national men’s soccer team has improved significantly and entered the ranks of the world’s top teams.
　　Second, adjust and reform the Chinese Football Association
　　(four) clear positioning and functions.As a public welfare, widely representative, professional and authoritative corporate body in the field of national football, China Football Association is the only legal institution that represents China in international football organizations. It is mainly responsible for uniting and contacting national football forces, promoting football, cultivating football talents, formulating industry standards, developing and perfecting the professional league system, and building and managing the national football team.
　　(5) Adjust and form the Chinese Football Association.Adjust and form the Chinese Football Association according to the principles of separation of politics and society, clear rights and responsibilities, and autonomy according to law, and change the organizational structure of the Chinese Football Association and the Football Management Center of the General Administration of Sports with two brands and one team. China Football Association is decoupled from the General Administration of Sports, and has autonomy in internal organization setting, work plan formulation, financial and salary management, personnel management and international professional exchanges.
　　(6) Optimize the leading bodies.There is no administrative level for the Chinese Football Association, and the composition of its leading body should be broadly representative and professional, consisting of representatives from the sports administrative department of the State Council, local and industry football associations, professional league organizations, well-known football professionals, social figures and experts.
　　(7) Improve the internal management mechanism.Improve the internal governance structure, power operation procedures and working rules of the Chinese Football Association, and establish a mechanism in which decision-making power, execution power and supervision power are mutually restricted and coordinated. Strengthen self-construction, recruit talents, absorb outstanding talents in football, sports management, economy, law, international professional exchanges and other fields to enrich the work team and improve the quality of personnel; Strengthen industry self-discipline and focus on solving problems in the field of football; Enhance service awareness and overcome the tendency of administration. The Chinese Football Association operates in accordance with the corporate mechanism, implements financial disclosure, and is subject to audit and supervision.
　　(eight) improve the management system of the association.Members of the Chinese Football Association should reflect geographical coverage and industry universality. Local and professional football associations are adjusted and established with reference to the management system of the Chinese Football Association. They join the Chinese Football Association in the name of members in accordance with its articles of association and accept the guidance and management of the Chinese Football Association. Local and professional football associations are responsible for the construction, competition, training, development and publicity of various football activities of their own regions and industries. Through hard work, an association management system covering the whole country, with complete organization, efficient management and strong cooperation, has been gradually formed to meet the needs of modern football management and operation.
　　(9) Strengthen Party leadership.Improve the party organizations of football associations at all levels, and strengthen the ideological and political work and daily management of cadres in accordance with the principle of party management of cadres and talent policy. The Chinese Football Association has set up a Party Committee, which is led by the Party Group of the General Administration of Sports.
　　Third, reform and improve the construction and operation mode of professional football clubs
　　(ten) to promote the healthy and stable development of the club.Strict access, standardized management of professional football clubs, and give full play to their main position and important role in professional leagues. Clubs should pay attention to their own construction, improve rules and regulations, strengthen self-discipline management, abide by industry rules, actively assume social responsibilities and accept social supervision. Encourage local governments to create conditions to guide a number of excellent clubs to be relatively stable in cities with good football foundation and strong representativeness and demonstration of football development, avoid the phenomenon that clubs frequently move between cities with the change of investors and lack stable support, and actively cultivate stable fan groups and urban football culture.
　　(11) Optimize the ownership structure of the club.We will implement diversified investment by the government, enterprises and individuals, encourage the local government of the club to invest in shares with resources such as football venues, form a reasonable investment source structure, promote the regionalization of the club, and encourage qualified clubs to gradually realize the non-enterprise name. Improve the corporate governance structure of the club, speed up the construction of modern enterprise system, base on long-term and systematic planning, and strive to build a century-old club.
　　(XII) Promote the club to form a reasonable talent structure.Formulate the norms of talent introduction and salary management in clubs, explore the implementation of the total salary management of teams and players, and effectively prevent players from being worth too much and disorderly competition. Study the relevant policies and decision-making mechanisms such as the quota limit for introducing high-level foreign aid, and handle the relationship between the introduction of foreign aid and the training of local players. Strengthen the management of the club’s labor contract, severely investigate and deal with illegal acts such as "yin-yang contract", and promptly correct the unpaid wages. Adjust the transfer fee policy of club athletes to reduce the burden on the club.
　　Four, improve the football competition system and professional league system.
　　(XIII) Strengthen the design of competition system.Improve the competition structure, expand the scale of the competition, increase the types of competitions, and gradually form a competition pattern with stable competition system, clear grades, orderly connection and all over urban and rural areas. In particular, we should pay attention to the organic connection of professional leagues, regional level events, youth level events and campus football events to realize the scientific competition structure. Gradually establish and improve the youth league system. Actively advocate and organize industry, community, enterprise, army, middle-aged and elderly people, five-a-side system, beach football and other events.
　　(14) Adjust and form the professional league council.Establish a professional league Council with independent corporate status, be responsible for organizing and managing professional leagues, and reasonably construct the league system of Super League, China A and China B. The Chinese Football Association supervises the board of directors from the aspects of basic policy system, club access review, discipline and arbitration, and decisions on major issues, and sends representatives to serve on the board. The Council sent representatives to the Chinese Football Association to participate in the discussion and decision-making on relevant issues.
　　(fifteen) improve the competition reward system.Formulate reward standards that are in line with the characteristics of football and different from other sports.
　　(sixteen) to maintain the order of the competition.Adhere to fair competition and establish a good competition style. Competition organizations and sports administrative departments will strengthen management together with public security organs, perform their respective duties and improve security measures. The public security organs are responsible for strengthening the supervision of the safety order of football matches, organizing the management and maintenance of public order at the match site and surrounding areas, and cracking down on illegal and criminal activities according to law. Guide the fans to watch the game in a civilized way and abide by the law.
　　(seventeen) to strengthen industry management.Improve the restraint mechanism for referees to enforce the law fairly and for coaches and athletes to abide by the law. Strictly guard against and severely investigate violations of discipline in the football industry, and improve the system and mechanism of disciplinary punishment and industry relief. The football management department should strengthen cooperation with the public security law and other aspects, establish and improve the illegal reporting mechanism and closely linked cooperation mechanism, effectively prevent, timely detect and resolutely crack down on illegal and criminal acts such as fake gambling.
　　(eighteen) to promote international exchanges.Promote China football to actively participate in international football matches, enhance exchanges and improve the level. Study and promote the bidding for the FIFA Men’s Football World Cup.
　　V. Reform and Promote the Development of Campus Football
　　(nineteen) to play the role of football education.Deepen the reform of school physical education, cultivate all-round talents, take campus football as a basic project to expand the football population, consolidate the foundation of football talents, improve students’ comprehensive quality and promote the healthy growth of teenagers, enhance the recognition and support of parents and society, let more young students love and enjoy football, and make participating in football an effective way to experience and adapt to social rules and moral norms.
　　(twenty) to promote the popularization of campus football.Primary and secondary schools around the country have included football in the teaching content of physical education class, increasing the proportion of class hours. Promote popularization with supporting features, and give priority support to primary and secondary schools with good foundation and high enthusiasm. On the basis of the existing more than 5,000 schools in primary and secondary schools nationwide, there will be 20,000 in 2020 and 50,000 in 2025, among which women’s football schools account for a certain proportion. Improve the insurance mechanism, promote the government to purchase services, improve the level of campus football security, and relieve the worries of students, parents and schools.
　　(twenty-one) to promote the common development of cultural learning and football skills.Strengthen the teaching management of cultural courses for football special students, improve the examination enrollment policy, and encourage students to actively participate in football learning and training for a long time. Allow football specialty students to flow reasonably within a certain range when they are enrolled in higher education, and obtain a good special development environment.
　　(twenty-two) to promote the large-scale growth of young football talents.Promote the establishment of campus football teams in universities, primary and secondary schools, pay close attention to improving the normalized and vertical and horizontal football competition system in universities, high schools, junior high schools and primary schools, and explore the inclusion of college football competition results in the evaluation system of college sports work.
　　(twenty-three) expand the teaching staff.Through training existing full-time and part-time football teachers and recruiting, we will improve the level of teaching coaches and encourage the introduction of overseas high-level football coaches. By 2020, we will complete a round of training for 50,000 full-time and part-time football teachers on campus. Improve policies and measures, strengthen professional education, and create conditions for retired athletes to change jobs and physical education teachers.
　　Sixth, popularize the development of social football
　　(twenty-four) to promote the popularization of football.Adhere to the people-oriented principle, promote the accelerated development of social football, and constantly expand the football population. Encourage organs, institutions, people’s organizations, troops and enterprises to form or jointly form football teams and carry out colorful social football activities. Pay attention to supporting the development of social football from the aspects of funds, venues, time, competitions and coaching. Trade unions, the Communist Youth League, women’s federations and other people’s organizations give full play to their respective advantages and promote the development of social football.
　　(twenty-five) to promote social football and professional football to promote each other.Through the continuous increase of social football population and the continuous improvement of its level, it has laid a solid mass foundation and talent foundation for the development of professional football. By accelerating the development of professional football, we can promote the popularization and improvement of social football.
　　Seven, improve the development mode of football professional training.
　　(twenty-six) to expand the growth channels and space for football players.Strengthen the training, improve the selection mechanism, and cultivate excellent football players through multiple channels. Enhance the awareness of talent training in campus football and social football, broaden the horizons of professional football candidates, and smooth the growth channels of outstanding young talents from campus football, social football to professional football. Do a good job in combining physical education with education, strengthen cultural education, temper will and edify personality, and promote the all-round development of football players. Encourage football clubs, enterprises and other social forces to send professional players and young players to receive training in developed football countries, and strive to become a high-level professional league abroad.
　　(twenty-seven) to strengthen the training of football professionals.In accordance with the principle of grading and classified management, we will build a multi-level and diversified training organizational structure for countries, regions, industries, professional institutions and social forces, and strengthen the training of professional talents such as football coaches, referees and lecturers. Give full play to the role of sports colleges and sports research institutes in football theoretical research and football professional training. Strengthen international exchanges and introduce a group of high-level foreign lecturers to carry out large-scale training for coaches, referees and lecturers in China.
　　(twenty-eight) to strengthen the training of football management personnel.Strengthen the professional strength of football associations, clubs and other organizations at all levels, and improve the quality and work level of personnel. Create a professional and international management team that meets the needs of modern football management.
　　(twenty-nine) the establishment of professional football colleges and schools.To meet the needs of cultivating football talents, we should set up a football college relying on qualified undergraduate colleges and actively explore the establishment of a new football school with close integration of culture, education and football.
　　(30) Do a good job in transferring football players to jobs.Coordinate the market mechanism and policy guidance, build a platform for the re-employment and re-development of football players, and support them to serve as football coaches, referees and lecturers after necessary training and assessment, or become the backbone of mass football activities in enterprises, institutions and troops, or enter football associations and football clubs to engage in football management and service.
　　Eight, promote the reform and development of the national football team
　　(31) Carefully build the national team.Give full play to the advantages of the system, strengthen organizational leadership, enhance the sense of national honor and social responsibility, carry forward the spirit of Chinese sports, build a national football team with exquisite skills, tenacious style, be able to fight tough battles and win glory for the country, and inspire people’s confidence, stimulate young people’s enthusiasm and promote the development of national football with excellent performance. Intensify the reform, form a technical route that conforms to the physical and mental characteristics of players and the development trend of contemporary football, and steadily improve the level of the national team.
　　(thirty-two) improve the team selection mechanism.Adhere to the current situation, focus on continuity, pay equal attention to technology and style, adhere to openness, equality and competition, and give priority to selecting outstanding players with strong desire to serve the country and first-class will to enter the national team. Players of the national team are recruited from professional clubs, and through the dynamic selection mechanism, the national team formed at any time can become the best team with the best participation status, technical and tactical ability and cooperation at that time. Strengthen the reserve talents of the national team, improve the mechanism for discovering and selecting young football talents, establish a database of top young players and track them for a long time, and dynamically adjust the list of candidates.
　　(thirty-three) improve the service guarantee ability.Strengthen the protection of the national team’s funding, incentive policies, base construction, logistics services, intelligence information, etc., and improve the service level. Two new national football training bases will be built to meet the competition and training needs of the national team in different seasons. Hire high-level professionals at home and abroad to carry out in-depth research on football theory, skills and tactics, medical rehabilitation and team management, and give play to the guiding and supporting role of scientific research in the national team.
　　(thirty-four) to strengthen the construction of coaching team.Establish a strict and standardized selection, assessment and evaluation mechanism for national team coaches and management teams, and strengthen contract management. The head coach responsibility system shall be implemented, and the coaches’ team and management service team shall be assessed for their term goals, so that responsibilities and rights and interests shall be clear, and incentives and constraints shall be in place.
　　(35) coordinating the needs of the national team and the club.Scientifically formulate the work planning and management system of the national team in line with China’s national conditions and the laws of professional football. Improve the coordination system between the national team and professional leagues and other leagues at all levels, and comprehensively grasp the national team’s competition cycle and domestic competition arrangements. The club should focus on the overall situation and fully support the construction of the national team.
　　Nine, strengthen the management of football field construction
　　(thirty-six) to expand the number of football venues.Study and formulate the national football field construction plan. Incorporate the construction of football fields into the overall planning of urbanization and new rural construction, clarify the rigid requirements, and organize the implementation by governments at all levels. Construct football fields according to local conditions, make full use of urban and rural wasteland, idle land, parks, forest belts, roofs, civil air defense projects, etc., and build a large number of simple and practical non-standard football fields. Create conditions to meet the venue requirements of campus football activities.
　　(thirty-seven) to give policy support to the construction of football venues.Preferential policies in land, taxation and finance should be implemented for social capital to invest in football field construction.
　　(thirty-eight) to improve the operational capacity and comprehensive benefits of the site facilities.In accordance with the principle of separation of management and operation and non-profit, professional social organizations or enterprises are invited to manage and operate public football fields through entrustment and purchase of services, so as to promote public football fields to be opened to the public at low prices or free of charge. Promote the school football field to be open to the society at low price or free of charge after class, and establish a sharing mechanism between the school and the society.
　　X. Improve the input mechanism
　　(39) Increase financial input.Governments at all levels should increase investment in football, which is mainly used for field construction, campus football, youth football, women’s football, national team building, teaching and scientific research, etc. Sports, education and other departments should be inclined to the reform and development of football when arranging relevant funds.
　　(forty) the establishment of China Football Development Foundation.As a non-profit legal person, the Foundation carries out fundraising, accepts donations and subsidizes football public welfare activities according to law. Encourage all kinds of enterprises, institutions, social forces and individuals to donate, and the donated funds can be deducted when calculating the taxable income of enterprise income tax and individual income tax according to law. The foundation operates in accordance with the articles of association, strengthens information disclosure in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, and accepts social supervision.
　　(forty-one) increase the lottery public welfare fund to support the development of football.Every year, some funds are arranged from the central centralized lottery public welfare fund to support the China Football Development Foundation, which is specially used to support the training of young football talents and football public welfare activities. Actively study and promote the issuance of football lottery tickets with China Football Professional League as the quiz object.
　　(forty-two) to strengthen the development of football industry.Strengthen the development and protection of football intangible assets, build an all-round and whole-process football industry chain by building competition brands, developing football accessory products, cultivating football service market, and exploring the integrated development of football industry and related industries, so as to continuously increase the income of football industry and form a pattern in which various economic sectors jointly set up football industry.
　　(forty-three) to increase the market development of Chinese Football Association.Continuously increase the market development income of leagues, cups, national teams, etc. Accelerate the rationalization of the relationship with subordinate business companies, transform subordinate companies according to the modern enterprise system, make them gradually become real market players, and introduce new competitors to establish a market-oriented and equal competition pattern.
　　(forty-four) to establish a market competition mechanism for TV broadcasting rights of football matches.Innovate the mechanism to realize the orderly competition of TV broadcasting rights of football matches. Reform the income distribution mechanism of broadcasting rights of football matches to ensure that the organizers and participants of the matches become the main beneficiaries. Innovate the broadcast and promotion operation mode of football matches, explore the realization form of the integration and development of traditional media and new media in the football field, and increase the market income of new media.
　　(45) Encourage social forces to develop football.Guide powerful well-known enterprises and individuals to invest in professional football clubs, sponsor football matches and public welfare projects, play a demonstration and leading role in supporting football, and broaden the sources of funds for club and football development.
　　Eleven, strengthen the leadership of football work.
　　(forty-six) the establishment of inter-ministerial joint conference system of football reform and development.In order to continuously promote the reform and development of football and ensure the implementation of this plan, an inter-ministerial joint meeting system for football reform and development is established. The General Administration of Sport should strengthen policy research and macro guidance on football reform and development. The Ministry of Education should fulfill the responsibility of campus football supervisor. All parties should perform their duties, do their part, do their best and cooperate with each other to jointly promote the reform and development of football.
　　(forty-seven) the football work into the important work schedule.All localities put the reform and development of football on the important agenda, emancipate their minds, make clear their goals, pay close attention to implementation, integrate resources, coordinate their efforts, explore boldly and form their own characteristics. Local sports administrative departments at all levels are responsible for supporting the work of local football associations and promoting the development of football in the region.
　　(forty-eight) to strengthen the football industry style and the rule of law.Strengthen the ideological and moral education and professional ethics education in the field of football, strengthen the tempering of the spirit style and will quality of sports teams, cultivate the style of patriotic dedication, perseverance and unity, and strive to form a spiritual force that encourages the development and revitalization of football in China and is beneficial to social harmony and progress. Adapt to the needs of football development and the characteristics of the industry, improve the relevant national laws and regulations and the rules and regulations of the football industry, and lay a solid institutional foundation for football governance. Form a football legal education system, law enforcement and supervision system that pays equal attention to prevention and punishment, and establish a fair and transparent legal environment.
　　(forty-nine) to create a good public opinion environment.Publicize and guide the masses to objectively understand the current situation of football, establish reasonable expectations and treat winning or losing rationally. Innovate football propaganda methods, strengthen football-related news management and public opinion guidance, and maximize the consensus on football reform and development.
　　(50) Play a typical leading role.Select a number of places and cities with good football foundation, good conditions for developing football and high work enthusiasm, strengthen support and guidance, sum up and promote the typical experience of football reform and development, and promote the improvement from point to area.