标签： 南京桑拿论坛

The 80th anniversary of the February 26th Incident-Showa warlords unified their understanding on the issue of aggression against China.

Up to the September 18th Incident, the Japanese army leaders started from Yamagata Aritomo and went through Uehara Bravo to Tanaka Yoshiichi. Although they were all representatives of militarism and militarism, they all remained at the level of personal work with serious personal characteristics. Around 1923, the "two-leaf meeting" organized by Tieshan Nagata and Okamura Ningji, and later the "Obsidian meeting" organized by Zhenyi Suzuki and Guaner Ishihara merged to form the "one-night meeting". After occupying the mainstream position of the Japanese army around the September 18th Incident, the personal characteristics of the leaders were erased and replaced by a collection with common thoughts and ideals, which was called "Showa Warlord".

The September 18th Incident in 1931 was a very important event. The so-called "Showa Warlords" appeared to prepare for the September 18th Incident. In turn, the preparations for this incident and the aftermath of the incident also completed the organizational work, established the direction of action and laid a psychological foundation for the Showa Warlords. After the September 18th Incident, the Japanese Army was no longer under the control of one individual, and any change of one individual could not change the behavior of the Japanese Army.

This way of behavior is to use force to expand outward, and the September 18th incident was the first step of this expansion. However, after the success of the first step, the Showa warlords had contradictions in the direction of continuing to expand, and a large-scale bloody conflict occurred, which eventually led to division. This conflict and division was the February 26th incident in 1936.

The February 26th incident is a comprehensive reflection of the fierce contradictions in Japanese society and the power struggle around the next action goal of the Japanese army after the September 18th incident.

226 coup

The Origin of "Control School" and "Imperial School"

After the "September 18th" event, Sadao Araki Night of barren hills Tawei station Wild Bodyguard Red Dead Redemption Wild Pursuit Solitary in wilderness Wilderness survival Into The Wild Hunting in wilderness Steppenwolf Brilliant green Royal Prime Minister’s Palace Emperor Waltz Hwang Bo Hye Jung The name of Huang Fu Splendid palace Pearls on the Crown Royal Albert Hall Royal Ontario Museum, Makazaki Kozaburo and Hayashi Mishiro, who were "three generals who were not in Changzhou", took the place of Yuyuan Pai valve to serve as the head of the army. However, these three generals were not incompetent, not marionettes controlled by the event, but vaguely formed a new school valve headed by Araki and Saga in the army, which was not the original purpose of the event.

Sadao Araki Night of barren hills Tawei station Wild Bodyguard Red Dead Redemption Wild Pursuit Solitary in wilderness Wilderness survival Into The Wild Hunting in wilderness Steppenwolf Brilliant green Royal Prime Minister’s Palace Emperor Waltz Hwang Bo Hye Jung The name of Huang Fu Splendid palace Pearls on the Crown Royal Albert Hall Royal Ontario Museum has been engaged in Soviet Russia for a long time, participated in the Siberian expedition and served as a military attache in Soviet Russia, so he paid special attention to Soviet Russia. In his view, World War I between Japan and Russia was inevitable, and the time should be around 1936. The reason is that after the completion of the second five-year plan for the national economy implemented by the Soviet Union from 1933 to 1937, the national strength will increase greatly, which will pose a great threat to Manchukuo. At that time, Yamagata Aritomo, a veteran of the Japanese Army, made up his mind to wage the Russo-Japanese War only after seeing the threat that the upcoming Siberian Railway would pose to Japan. Therefore, Japan should prepare for the war against the Soviet Union before the threat of the Soviet Union actually took shape, and this time should be around 1936. This is the "Crisis Theory of 1936", one of the leading figures in the "Three Heroes of baden-baden", because Kojiro Kobayashi was a military attache in the Soviet Union.

Araki Sadao

However, Tieshan Nagata, who served as a military attache in Germany in the First World War and witnessed Germany’s defeat, did not think so. In his eyes, "World War I" was a total battle, testing the country’s national strength and depth, while Japan’s national strength and depth were not enough to support a big war. If Japan really wants to win and survive in the future war, it needs to further expand into China to gain resources and strategic depth, in addition to stabilizing Manchuria, which it has already acquired.

In this way, the two leaders who controlled the Showa warlord’s one-night party, Nagata Tieshan and Kobayashi, parted ways and divided into two factions which were later called the "control faction" and the "imperial faction". The first reason for the split was the question of "going south" or "going north", which was different from the goal of going south in the dispute of "going south and going north" rekindled ten years later.

The two factions are consistent in the general direction.

Okamura Ningji regretted many times after the war that "why not stay on the Tanggu Agreement on May 31, 1933". In fact, in the middle of April to early May before the Tanggu Agreement, at the four "provincial summit meetings" jointly held by the army, the province and the chiefs of staff, the cracks between the imperial clique and the control clique were already made public. Maybe it’s because Okamura Ningji didn’t attend these meetings when he was the deputy chief of staff of the Kwantung Army. He didn’t know the starting point of the split between Nagata Tieshan and Kojiro, but he should know about these disputes in China as far as the position of Okamura is concerned, so his feeling is a little puzzling.

Okamura Ningji

During the Japanese defeat, many files were burned, including the records of the four provincial and ministerial summits, so it is uncertain whether these disputes really happened, only the memories of Sadao Araki Night of barren hills Tawei station Wild Bodyguard Red Dead Redemption Wild Pursuit Solitary in wilderness Wilderness survival Into The Wild Hunting in wilderness Steppenwolf Brilliant green Royal Prime Minister’s Palace Emperor Waltz Hwang Bo Hye Jung The name of Huang Fu Splendid palace Pearls on the Crown Royal Albert Hall Royal Ontario Museum after the war are taken as an isolated evidence. However, the "Outline of Fundamental National Policy and Countermeasures" made by the Intelligence Department of the General Staff Headquarters on May 2, 1933 did analyze the changes of the Soviet Union’s national strength, and also pointed out the achievements and future of the construction of "Manchukuo". It was believed that the war against the Soviet Union could still be carried out even after the completion of the second five-year plan of the Soviet Union and Russia, or rather it was more in Japan’s interest to postpone the use of troops against the Soviet Union. Considering that Nagata Tieshan was the intelligence minister of the General Staff Headquarters at that time, it can be believed that there was a dispute at the provincial summit, and this document should be used at these meetings.

There is a little difference between the two parties’ China policies. Sadao Araki Night of barren hills Tawei station Wild Bodyguard Red Dead Redemption Wild Pursuit Solitary in wilderness Wilderness survival Into The Wild Hunting in wilderness Steppenwolf Brilliant green Royal Prime Minister’s Palace Emperor Waltz Hwang Bo Hye Jung The name of Huang Fu Splendid palace Pearls on the Crown Royal Albert Hall Royal Ontario Museum and Kobayashi maintain that as a supplement to Soviet defense, they should establish goodwill and peace with China. The contents of this so-called "goodwill and peace with China" are: adjusting-China economic relations, prompting the Japanese government to turn its policy toward Japan, setting up a wider range of pro-Japanese areas, and cultivating pro-Japanese elements with separatist tendencies. And Nagata Tieshan advocated "breaking verbally attack’s attitude towards anti-Japanese and boycotting Japanese goods". Although there is no difference in essence, the iron and blood flavor brought by the toughness of Nagata Tieshan’s words is impressive.

On the policy towards Britain and the United States, Nagata Tieshan believes that the economic aggression of the United States against the Far East must be as thorough as that of the Soviet Union and Russia, but the war against the United States must be carried out after the war against the Soviet Union, and before that, we should try our best to make the United States remain neutral; On the other hand, Sadao Araki Night of barren hills Tawei station Wild Bodyguard Red Dead Redemption Wild Pursuit Solitary in wilderness Wilderness survival Into The Wild Hunting in wilderness Steppenwolf Brilliant green Royal Prime Minister’s Palace Emperor Waltz Hwang Bo Hye Jung The name of Huang Fu Splendid palace Pearls on the Crown Royal Albert Hall Royal Ontario Museum and Kobayashi believe that it is necessary to maintain friendly relations with Britain and the United States in addition to fighting back when Japan’s mainland policy is interfered by the United States.

To sum up, in fact, apart from some words and time limits, there is no substantial difference between the imperial school and the control school in the most important policy toward the Soviet Union, China and Britain and the United States, but these small differences have finally developed to the point of fighting each other.

Why "control"

In addition to the "control faction" in general, in fact, the control faction has a very definite organization, mainly around tojo hideki, Imamura Jun, Wu Tengzhang, Fuyong Gongji, Yamashita, Sadaaki Kagesa, Ikeda Junjiu, Sifang Yuji and Hotan of Yongtian Tieshan, plus these ten rank officers and major generals, plus Katakura, Makita, Xipujin, . These junior officers were under the command of Wu Tengzhang, the boss of Katakura, and after Katakura entered the Military Affairs Bureau of the Army Province, they were directly under the command of the Military Affairs Director Nagata Tieshan.

Nagata Tieshan is regarded as the leader of the control faction.

A common feature of these 24 core members of the control faction is that all of them are elite staff officers who graduated from army universities. They are called "control faction" because they were deeply impressed by the great leap forward in national strength brought about by state control in Germany and the Soviet Union at that time. On May 22, 1933, Nagata Tieshan clearly pointed out in a personally drafted document entitled "Control of National Army and Opening of National Policy": "The urgent task at present is to accomplish the task of saving the country, and the military department must achieve complete control by itself."

Why control? Because there is a "lack of control" in the army, that is, the influence of the "national reform movement" spreading among some junior officers. At that time, Japan looked very glamorous-one of the top five in the Old League of Nations won the Sino-Japanese War, Japan-Russia and World War I successively, won the Korean Peninsula and Taiwan Province in China, dismembered the northeast of China, inherited the German colony in the South Pacific, and completely became a member of the great powers-but the domestic class and social contradictions were very acute, and the gap between the rich and the poor was very serious. Contrary to the glamour on the surface, at the bottom, unstable emotions are fermenting.

The demands and actions of the imperial school

Different from the elite officers who graduated from Lu University and are destined to take charge of the army in the future, the junior officers who just graduated from the Army NCO School and can’t serve in the army for life have a better understanding of the reality at the bottom, and they are even more trying to change and realize the so-called "imperial reform". In their view, the emperor is enlightened, of course, because of the treacherous court official lurking on the edge of the monarch, corrupt bureaucrats and the rich who suck the marrow. Only under the leadership of the emperor can these cancers of the emperor be removed. This is the "national transformation movement" encouraged by the right-wing thinker North Ikki. The export of these junior officers is "Emperor" and "Imperial Kingdom", so they are called "Imperial Sect".

Army NCO school former site

Originally, these junior officers couldn’t get along with the "Imperial Sect" in the central army, such as Sadao Araki Night of barren hills Tawei station Wild Bodyguard Red Dead Redemption Wild Pursuit Solitary in wilderness Wilderness survival Into The Wild Hunting in wilderness Steppenwolf Brilliant green Royal Prime Minister’s Palace Emperor Waltz Hwang Bo Hye Jung The name of Huang Fu Splendid palace Pearls on the Crown Royal Albert Hall Royal Ontario Museum, Makazaki Kozaburo and Kobayashi, both in ideology and action strategy. However, in order to reverse their decline in the number of elite officers in the central army, Sadao Araki Night of barren hills Tawei station Wild Bodyguard Red Dead Redemption Wild Pursuit Solitary in wilderness Wilderness survival Into The Wild Hunting in wilderness Steppenwolf Brilliant green Royal Prime Minister’s Palace Emperor Waltz Hwang Bo Hye Jung The name of Huang Fu Splendid palace Pearls on the Crown Royal Albert Hall Royal Ontario Museum deliberately bowed down and approached the junior officers who advocated the national transformation movement, and even those junior officers could call Sadao Araki Night of barren hills Tawei station Wild Bodyguard Red Dead Redemption Wild Pursuit Solitary in wilderness Wilderness survival Into The Wild Hunting in wilderness Steppenwolf Brilliant green Royal Prime Minister’s Palace Emperor Waltz Hwang Bo Hye Jung The name of Huang Fu Splendid palace Pearls on the Crown Royal Albert Hall Royal Ontario Museum "Araki" regardless of their ranks.

The central figures of the Imperial Sect are Daisuke Oshima, Saburo Kanebo, Nomatsu Taiping, Kozo Rongichi, Takaji Murakami, Keizo Ando, Asaichi Ibaraki, An Xiu Kurihara and Kiyoda Kiyoshi. These junior officers of the army also got in touch with junior officers of the navy and civil right-wing organizations, which was related to a series of bloody assassinations in Japanese society at that time.

From assassination to mass coup.

In November, 1933, the junior officers of the rural poetry society had a contact with the elite officers of the control group, such as Tokibashi Yongyi, Wu Tengzhang, Ikeda Junjiu, and Katakura Sadako, in the Tsuneko Society of the Ninth Section of Tokyo, but there was a fierce argument, and finally the two factions broke up. Elite officers gave a clear answer to junior officers’ questions about "Are you going to crush us?" "Exactly." In this way, the two factions became incompatible, and junior officers were determined to strike first. Masaki Yuka’s dismissal in 1935 became the fuse of a series of events.

In April, 1935, the Director of Education of the Army, General Makazaki, gave an instruction against "the theory of imperial organs". However, in July, he was forcibly removed from office. Imperial officials regarded this as a direct attack by the control faction, and the "Nagata assassination incident" occurred.

On August 12th, Major-General Nagata Tieshan, the military affairs director of the Army Province, was hacked to death with a saber in his office by Saizawa Saburo, who originally belonged to the 41st Infantry Wing in Hiroshima and was now transferred to the 1st Infantry Wing in Taiwan Province. Nakazawa and Shinozaki have personal relationships and are considered to have imperial thoughts. Nagata Tieshan is regarded as the leader of the control faction, and he himself often publicly stated: "The Japanese army is a lion, and the imperial soldiers are parasites on the lion." So it was hated by the imperial soldiers.

But this murder has greatly weakened the already bad position of the Imperial Sect. On February 26th, 1936, junior officers such as Takaji Murakami, Keizo Ando, Asaichi Iwasaki and An Xiu Kurihara led 1,500 soldiers from the 3rd Infantry Wing, the 1st Infantry Wing, the 3rd Infantry Wing and the 7th Field Heavy Artillery Wing to carry out a coup, occupying the Prime Minister’s residence, the Metropolitan Police Department, the Interior Minister’s residence, the Army Ministry, the General Staff Headquarters, the Army Minister’s residence and Tokyo Asahi Shimbun. Attacked Prime Minister Kaijie Okada, Kantarō Suzuki’s aide-de-chamberlain, Minister Saito Shinichi, Minister Takahashi Nishida, Director of Army Education of Tantaro Watanabe and former Minister of the Interior of Makino Nobuaki, and killed Saito Shinichi, Takahashi Shinichi and Tantaro Watanabe. Kantarō Suzuki was seriously injured, and Okada Keisuke escaped, but his brother-in-law Matsuo Chuanzang was mistaken for the Prime Minister and killed. These people are regarded as "traitors" or "traitors" by the coup army. If they are removed, Japan can be saved.

Tomokazu Miura plays Keizo Ando in the movie "226".

When talking about the reasons for the coup, Captain Sugabosaburo, who was later sentenced to five years’ imprisonment, said this: "The first reason is to move to Manchuria, and the second is to invade North China, which the aides of the Army Central Committee were considering at that time. This is of course a war, and it is difficult to come back alive. They (junior officers) are brave and capable frontline commanders, and most of them will die. Therefore, it is necessary to kill the culprit before moving to Manchuria, and not to reach out to North China. Now is not the time to make trouble with foreign countries. What is needed now is to reform the national government and stabilize the people’s lives. This is the motivation. "

The coup forces tried to convey their wishes to the emperor through the head of the army, who was also in chaos. On the first day, the communique issued by the army called the troops participating in the coup "dispatched troops", on the second day it was called "lurching troops" or "occupying troops", on the third day it was called "harassing troops", and it was not until the fourth day that it was reluctantly called "rebel troops". It was not until the third day that the Army made a coy statement, because on the one hand, the Imperial Sect and the allies of Sadao Araki Night of barren hills Tawei station Wild Bodyguard Red Dead Redemption Wild Pursuit Solitary in wilderness Wilderness survival Into The Wild Hunting in wilderness Steppenwolf Brilliant green Royal Prime Minister’s Palace Emperor Waltz Hwang Bo Hye Jung The name of Huang Fu Splendid palace Pearls on the Crown Royal Albert Hall Royal Ontario Museum and Makazaki were in the center of the Army, and on the other hand, the control faction lacked the leading figure Nagata Tieshan, and became dizzy. Only Ishihara, who had no faction valve, stood firm and determined the incident from the beginning: "Chaos against the Constitution". There is also a firm stand of the Emperor, who threatened to use personal expedition if the army could not suppress the rebellion. Ironically, the Emperor did not stand on the side of the "Imperial Sect" who launched the coup.

After the rebellion was suppressed, the first 16 junior officers, North Ikki and Nishida Tax were sentenced to death, the rest were sentenced to life imprisonment to one and a half years’ imprisonment, four army generals, including Sadao Araki Night of barren hills Tawei station Wild Bodyguard Red Dead Redemption Wild Pursuit Solitary in wilderness Wilderness survival Into The Wild Hunting in wilderness Steppenwolf Brilliant green Royal Prime Minister’s Palace Emperor Waltz Hwang Bo Hye Jung The name of Huang Fu Splendid palace Pearls on the Crown Royal Albert Hall Royal Ontario Museum, Shinzaburo Makazaki, Nobuyuki Abe and Shiro Hayashi, were put into reserve, and many other officers below the rank of lieutenant general were dismissed, deprived of medals and honours, or driven out of the central army. For example, Major General Toyotomi Yamashita, the Minister of Military Investigation of the Army Province, who was later called the "Tiger of Malay", did not return to the Army Central Committee as the Minister of Aviation until 1940. The Imperial Sect was swept away, and the Showa warlord was purified again. Since then, we have unified our understanding on the issue of invading China from the south.

However, the death of Nagata Tieshan is also a great loss to the Showa warlord. Nagata Tieshan is even a more brilliant strategist than Ishihara Smile, and the qualification of Nagata Tieshan in the 15th issue of Lu Shi is unmatched by Ishihara Smile in the 21st issue of Lu Shi. Compared with Ishihara Smile, who has a very bad interpersonal relationship, Nagata Tieshan has the ability to be a leader, as long as we look at the achievements made under his leadership. And after his death, the ruling faction also lost its soul, which is one of the reasons why the Showa warlord showed confusion and aimlessness after the death of Nagata Tieshan.

　

Ishihara Guaner

How to choose sofa products suitable for home？ What are the characteristics of this kind of sofa products？

When choosing sofa products for home, it is necessary to comprehensively consider many factors to ensure that you choose a sofa that is comfortable and beautiful, and meets your home style and personal needs.

First of all, consider the size of the sofa. Measure the space of the living room to ensure that the sofa can be placed reasonably without being crowded or empty. Generally speaking, the length of the sofa should not exceed two thirds of the length of the living room. If the living room is small, you can choose a double sofa or a small corner sofa; If the living room is larger, you can consider a large combination sofa.

Secondly, the material of sofa is very important. Common materials include leather, cloth and artificial leather. Leather sofa has the advantages of good texture and easy cleaning, but the price is relatively high; Fabric sofa has various styles and rich colors, giving people a warm and comfortable feeling, and the price is relatively close to the people; The artificial leather sofa has both the appearance of leather and the price advantage of fabric.

Furthermore, the comfort of the sofa is the key. Sit on it and feel the softness and hardness of the cushion, the support of the backrest and the comfort of the armrest. A good sofa should be able to provide good waist and neck support, so that people will not feel tired when sitting on it for a long time.

The style of sofa also needs to be paid attention to. Modern minimalist sofa has simple lines and simple shapes, which is suitable for pursuing a simple and lively home environment; European-style sofas are usually gorgeous in shape and exquisite in details, which are suitable for creating a romantic and elegant atmosphere; Chinese-style sofas pay attention to traditional crafts and cultural elements, reflecting the simple and elegant temperament.

In addition, the quality of the sofa can not be ignored. Check whether the frame is solid. Generally speaking, the solid wood frame is more reliable. The elasticity and durability of the spring are also very important; The quality of filling materials will directly affect the comfort and service life of sofa.

The following table is used to compare the characteristics of different types of sofas:

Sofa type advantage disadvantage? Leather sofa Good texture, easy cleaning and durability. The price is high and it is cooler in winter. Fabric sofa Many styles, rich colors, moderate price, warmth and comfort. Cleaning is relatively troublesome. Artificial leather sofa Looks like leather and has a lower price. Poor air permeability and relatively short service life.

In a word, choosing a sofa product suitable for home needs to comprehensively consider many aspects such as size, material, comfort, style and quality, and make a wise choice according to your home environment, personal preferences and budget.

(Editor: He Xian)

[Disclaimer] This article only represents the author’s own views and has nothing to do with Hexun. Hexun.com is neutral about the statements and opinions in this article, and does not provide any express or implied guarantee for the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the contents. Readers are requested for reference only, and please take full responsibility. Email: news_center@staff.hexun.com.

The Asian Gold Rush of Hollywood ＂Local tyrants＂： The Chinese language market has become a hot topic.

　 　 Film network feature Bong Joon ho used $40 million to build the largest international project invested by South Korea so far, and invited many first-class Hollywood stars to join, which became one of the main attractions of the film. Looking at the global actor output, domestic actors from China, South Korea, Japan and other places hold their heads high and sing on the way to Hollywood. On the contrary, Hollywood actors have gradually gone abroad to take advantage of the wind to bring a touch of "foreign flavor" to the films of oriental faces, and this trend is particularly prominent in the Chinese market.

　 　 In mid-2013, a "Red Carpet Show at the Local Tuhao Film Festival" awakened the weary China film and television market. Seven popular actors from Hollywood, including Leonardo DiCaprio, Nicole Kidman and Catherine Zeta-Jones, appeared in China to make money. It seems that the once sluggish Asian film market has become as rich as it is today.

　 　 Perhaps this appearance only shows that Hollywood actors are aiming at the tip of the iceberg in China market. In 2013 alone, many Hollywood actors such as Tom Cruise, "Shake Sen" and "Kucher" took their works to "knock on" the door of Chinese film market and put on low airs to make friends. However, it seems that it is not enough to feed Lai Hu’s appetite just by propaganda. Hollywood actors are gaining momentum all over Asia, and it may be one of their ultimate goals to really participate in movies to achieve "win-win". What is the current situation of Hollywood actors’ output and what advantages and disadvantages it will bring to the Asian film market? This issue of [Movie Network] will answer you one by one.


Hollywood actors’ coming to China has gradually become a trend.

Present situation: Hollywood actors enter the Chinese market

Keywords: reciprocity, rushing to the beach.

　 　 A group of early Chinese actors who marched into Hollywood are still thriving in the international film industry. Gong Li, Zhang Ziyi and Jackie Chan have become the "stepping stones" for overseas audiences to know Chinese films. While rising stars such as Fan Bingbing, Li Bingbing, Yuqi Zhang and other actresses frequently "play soy sauce and walk-on" when they enter Hollywood, their overseas export as Chinese filmmakers is still quite successful. In 2014, there were domestic actors, and such blockbusters were released. It can be said that Chinese filmmakers have never stopped climbing the Hollywood building.

　 　 At the same time, overseas actors have gone out of Hollywood to enter the Chinese language market on the east coast of the ocean, and there is quite a trend that "the rain is coming." In 2011, Zhang Yimou invited "Batman" Christian Bale to play a church priest in the film, and Bell’s position in the film also has the status of "savior" with this priest; In 2012 Xiaogang Feng’s tragic blockbuster, the American journalist played by adrien brody and the priest played by Tim Robbins also played an important role in the film. In 2013, keanu reeves’s first directorial debut focused on China Kung Fu.

　 　 In terms of quantity, the overseas output of Chinese filmmakers is almost equal to that of Hollywood actors, but the final result is unfair. Fan Bingbing’s "Steel 3" only shows a ten-minute tight frown in the "Special Edition"; Li Bingbing stood out in the film, but he could not escape the dilemma of being called by the wrong name by foreign reporters on the red carpet. The participation of Hollywood filmmakers in Chinese films always attracts the attention of Chinese people, just as foreign roses can attract more domestic "swarms". Undeniably, Bell has almost become the backbone of the plot development in "Thirteen Days in Jinling". Although the reputation of keanu reeves’s virgin director is not satisfactory, many people have earned money. Courtesy is good, but Chinese filmmakers always suffer a lot when compared with Hollywood actors in actual strength. Perhaps it is necessary to find out the reasons on their own.


Japanese movie stars have made great achievements in overseas gold panning, but it is not easy for Hollywood actors to enter the Japanese and Korean markets.

Status quo: Hollywood actor "Gold Rush" Japan and South Korea have been defeated repeatedly.

Keywords: local protection

　 　 Once upon a time, Japan, the world’s second largest film market, was gradually replaced by China, while Korean films went further and further on the road of perfecting local self. Facing the Japanese and Korean film market which is close at hand and very far away, Hollywood actors seem to have become fearful and worried, and it is difficult to knock down this "ice-breaking hammer".

　 　 However, Japanese movie stars have long set a precedent of breaking the country’s overseas gold rush. Hiroyuki Sanada and Ken Watanabe can be comparable to Chow Yun Fat and Jackie Chan in China. In 2013, Rinko Kikuchi, a strange oriental woman, once again became the focus of Hollywood, and even child star Mana Ashida is planning to further enter Hollywood. Similarly, Korean actors’ "Western Expedition" is proceeding in an orderly way. Lee Byunghun won an eye-catching performance in "Special Forces 2", and Zhang Dongjian knocked on the door of Hollywood and continued to seek his own breakthrough.

　 　 On the contrary, however, there are few successful examples of Hollywood actors "panning for gold" in the Japanese and Korean markets. In 2007, it should be a breakthrough attempt between Korean filmmakers and Hollywood, despite the waterloo in word of mouth and box office; Keanu reeves’s "Forty-seven Ronin", which was released on a large scale in Japan last year, failed at the box office, and Japanese audiences didn’t seem to buy Hollywood faces. This time, "Snow Country Train" Bong Joon ho assembled a group of Hollywood movie stars and spent 40 million dollars. It can be said that he has the ambition to compete with Hollywood, which may also become a breakthrough for Hollywood actors to enter the Korean market. Generally speaking, the Japanese and Korean film markets are relatively conservative and narrow. Actors and directors in both countries also seem to have the concept of "cleaning their own snow, not caring about others’ frost". Coupled with the strong awareness of local film protection, Hollywood actors can always come up with their own "housekeeping skills" to resist the impact of Hollywood films (such as Japanese animated films). It is difficult for Hollywood actors to find a sense of belonging in the Japanese and Korean film markets, which hinders their way to export to the Japanese and Korean markets.


Hollywood actors’ Chinese export has targeted this fat piece of money.

Advantages: box office interests are the first priority, and China and the United States are in tune with the trend.

　 　 Everyone can understand the truth that "money is paramount". Let’s still take flowers of war as an example. The release of this film happened to coincide with Bell winning the Best Supporting Actor at the Oscar. At that time, Zhang Weiping, the producer of the film, made it clear: "Bell’s own joining is the guarantee of the box office of the film, and winning the prize overseas has further become a signal of the overseas box office." He also boasted that the goal of 1 billion box office is no big deal. It is reported that Bell’s input-output ratio is that if he invests 1 US dollar, Bell can produce 55 US dollars. The high output ratio of 1:55 makes people gasp in admiration for Chinese’s favor of "imported goods", and Bell’s personal salary has reached more than 100 million, so it is natural for Hollywood actors to join in the final box office.

　 　 Without exception, movies such as "China and the United States are in harmony", and "Tai Chi Xia" continues to carry forward this momentum. As a result, it is a natural thing for Hollywood actors to rush to the "blessed land" of China, and it is easy to get gold. Han Sanping, former chairman of China Film Group, said: "Sino-US cooperation is a major measure to stimulate the development of domestic films, and it is also a road for China films to go international." Only on this road, China actors don’t seem to get much benefit.

Disadvantages: It is more difficult for newcomers to emerge from the impact of the local film market.

　 　 Obviously, the entry of a large number of Hollywood movie stars into the Chinese film industry is bound to have a certain impact on the local film market. In a reporter’s street survey, most Chinese are still more willing to watch Hollywood blockbusters. Excellent production and strong visual effects have become the reasons why audiences choose Hollywood movies in succession. China’s film industry is still in its infancy and development stage, and its own competitiveness is still unable to compete with Hollywood. For example, they are similar in type and plot, but the latter still accounts for the majority.

　 　 At the same time, it is more difficult to find new people in China. The current mentality of China audiences is like "the moon in foreign countries is relatively round". Even Nicolas Cage, who has always played bad movies in recent years, will still flock to it once a new work is released. Last year, Johnny Depp’s loss-making masterpiece was bad, but its appeal to fans should not be underestimated. His new work will be released in China soon. It is reported that he will also bring his fiancee to China to promote it, and it is sure that there will be another "Depp hurricane" at that time. As a result, domestic directors seem to be more aware of the strength and box office appeal of these Hollywood actors, making it difficult for local newcomers to get ahead. Without a good book and the support of well-known directors, "becoming a hit" is almost more difficult for newcomers.

Xiaobian conclusion:

　 　 Hollywood "local tyrants" have become a global trend in the film market of other countries, and they are at the forefront of this trend, whether they are attacking Europe or marching into Asia. For domestic actors, it is still an unchangeable truth to "strike while the iron is hot", explore their own advantages in the trend of internationalization, make a clear positioning, and give full play to the soft power that Chinese films should have.

The 2024 Summit Forum on Building a Cultural Power was successfully held —— A powerful driving force for building a cultural power.

　　From May 23rd to 24th, the 2024 Summit Forum on Building a Cultural Power was held in Shenzhen, Guangdong. This forum thoroughly studied and implemented the cultural thoughts of the supreme leader. At the main forum and eight sub-forums, participants conducted in-depth discussions on topics such as Chinese modernization and new cultural mission, prospering literary and artistic creation, strengthening the construction of all-media communication system, strengthening the overall protection of cultural heritage and live transmission, innovative development of cultural industries, development of publishing talents in the digital age, high-quality development of film industry, promotion of high-quality development of cultural trade, and Opportunity Bay Area in Humanities Bay Area, and achieved fruitful results, reaching broad consensus and rallying construction.

　　Take on the cultural mission of the new era

　　Cultural self-confidence is a more basic, broader and deeper self-confidence and a more basic, deeper and more lasting force. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that it is our new cultural mission in the new era to continue to promote cultural prosperity, build a cultural power and build a modern civilization of the Chinese nation at a new starting point.

　　Wang Bo, vice-president of Peking University, said that Chinese culture has a spirit of integrity and innovation and a pluralistic and integrated cultural pattern. Keeping integrity and innovation is the dialectical unity of continuity and innovation. Defending is about to consciously inherit the subjectivity of Chinese culture, and innovation should respond to the problems of the times on the premise of defending righteousness.

　　Wang Hui, a senior professor of liberal arts in Tsinghua University, said that the unity and cohesion of the Chinese nation has become an important demonstration of Chinese civilization to the world. This is what we emphasize today: our vast territory is jointly developed by all ethnic groups; Our long history is written by all ethnic groups; Our splendid culture is jointly created by all ethnic groups; Our great spirit is cultivated by all ethnic groups.

　　Yang Yi, member of the Standing Committee of the Party Committee and Vice President of Communication University of China, said that the forum discussed and shared topics such as how to strengthen the construction of all-media communication system from the perspectives of media field, academic research in universities and artificial intelligence technology, and explored the more effective combination of new artificial intelligence technology and mainstream social cultural values, which provided effective communication methods and technical means for enhancing cultural self-confidence, building a cultural power and enhancing the sense of cultural mission.

　　"Cultural self-confidence has always been the basis for Hunan Radio and Television to carry out content innovation, and it is also the genetic code for innovative content to take root and grow up." Cai Huaijun, general manager of Hunan Radio, Film and Television Group, said, "We always adhere to the needs of the country and the expectations of the people when making programs, and the content forms are ever-changing, but the constant is value guidance."

　　Shen Chen, artistic director of China Oriental Performing Arts Group, said: "A prosperous culture leads to a prosperous country, and a strong culture leads to a strong nation. As literary and art workers in the new era, we must strengthen our cultural self-confidence, innovate in inheritance, develop in innovation, continue the essence of culture with our hearts and feelings, eulogize the times and create for the people, and write new chapters and cultivate cultural self-confidence on the new journey of building a cultural power. "

　　Promote the development of cultural innovation.

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that it is incumbent on the vast number of literary and art workers to promote the prosperity and development of socialist literature and art and build a socialist cultural power.

　　Zuo Heng, director of the film culture research department of China Film Archive, said: "Creators should emancipate their minds, broaden their horizons, and make future creative themes and theme expressions more diverse."

　　"We must adhere to the people-centered creative orientation, embrace life and keep pace with the times." Dai Qing, a professor at the School of Drama, Film and Television, Communication University of China, believes that the vast number of literary and art workers should constantly improve their creative level, delicately write the fireworks and the brilliance of human nature, and actively explore diversified literary forms and styles to better meet the cultural needs of the people.

　　Zhang Jiuzhen, president of Peking University Publishing Research Institute, said that both mass publishing and academic publishing should stimulate innovation and encourage a hundred flowers to blossom. The convening of the 2024 Summit Forum on Building a Cultural Power has greatly boosted the confidence in the future development of China’s publishing industry and enhanced its cultural self-confidence, which will surely promote the high-quality development of the publishing industry.

　　Culture is accompanied by science and technology, and generative artificial intelligence is developing rapidly. Under the condition of informationization, how to embrace high-tech in the development of artistic creation culture has become a new topic. Nie Xiaolin, director and senior vice president of Iflytek Co., Ltd., said that in the new stage of social development and artificial intelligence technology development, digital publishing talents in the future should embrace the new trend of technology development in order to truly become compound and innovative talents and better contribute to the cultural prosperity and development in the new era.

　　"At present, digital technology constantly promotes new literary formats and broadens the literary space. We must forge new quality productivity of film and television literature and art that has our own genes and can participate in international competition." Zhang Lina, vice president and editor-in-chief of Youku, Alibaba Entertainment Group, said that the cross-border integration of Internet technology and film and television creation is embarking on a "film and television industrialization road" with China characteristics, which requires all parties in the industry to actively participate in technology research and development and smooth the development road of "technology+art".

　　Strengthen the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage

　　The Chinese nation has a long history, Chinese civilization has a long history and Chinese culture is profound. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that more cultural relics and cultural heritage should be brought alive to create a strong social atmosphere for inheriting Chinese civilization.

　　He Xiaojun, secretary of Chaozhou Municipal Party Committee, said that during his inspection tour in Chaozhou, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that this precious historical and cultural heritage should be cherished and protected, and it should not be over-repaired or over-developed, and the original historical appearance should be preserved as much as possible. Chaozhou adheres to the principle of "not changing the original state" and focuses on the goal of "letting citizens and tourists feel the temperature of the city in subtle places", which preserves the traditional elements and historical features of the existing architectural remains to the greatest extent, and makes the old house show its "ancient" elegance and glow with "new" beauty.

　　"The construction of the Yangtze River National Cultural Park is the need to implement the strategy of strengthening the country by culture and protect and inherit the culture of the Yangtze River. It can achieve higher quality protection and higher level utilization of cultural relics and cultural resources, and promote the protection, inheritance and utilization of cultural relics and cultural resources in the new era." Fang Qin, president of Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, said that cultural parks and heritage parks should benefit urban and rural development and people’s lives better.

　　“‘ Overseas Chinese approval ’ It records the difficult entrepreneurial history and strong feelings of the older generation of overseas Chinese, and it is also an important embodiment of the Chinese nation’s credibility and commitment. " Lin Qingxi, honorary director of Shantou Archives Overseas Chinese Group Branch, believes that it is necessary to rescue and protect the cultural heritage of Overseas Chinese Group, promote the collation and activation of rare materials, and let the culture of Overseas Chinese Group go out, and tell the story of overseas Chinese and China well with Overseas Chinese Group.

　　"To realize the organic integration of traditional art and modern life, we need to be upright and innovative, be brave in breaking through, make the legacy fashionable, and make the classics popular." Chen Lijun, an actor of Zhejiang Xiaobaihuayue Opera Troupe, said that efforts to explore cross-border communication and attract more audiences with "out-of-the-box" works will help to further protect non-genetic inheritance and prosper the stage art of traditional Chinese opera.

　　Ji Deqiang, a professor at China Communication University and a researcher at the foreign cultural exchange (cultural trade) research base, said: "Cultural heritage is an important carrier for inheriting and carrying forward Chinese excellent traditional culture. We should make use of new information communication technology to break through the bottleneck of inheritance and obstacles of innovation, and generate more increments in digitalization, virtualization and intelligence. At the same time, make good use of new technologies represented by artificial intelligence to promote cultural inheritance and mutual learning of civilizations. "

　　Promote exchanges and mutual learning among human civilizations.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that civilizations exchange because of diversity, learn from each other through exchanges and develop through mutual learning.

　　Fan Jinshi, honorary president of Dunhuang Research Institute, said that Dunhuang cultural heritage not only preserves grotto art and literature covering China’s architecture, history, literature, painting, music, dance, medicine, etiquette, customs and regulations, but also integrates cultural and artistic elements of different countries and regions along the Silk Road. "Dunhuang cultural heritage presents the spirit of openness and tolerance of Chinese civilization."

　　Shen Chen said: "Human civilization is colorful. We must open our horizons, expand our thinking, embrace new technologies, build a new platform, absorb civilized nutrients and cultivate talents with a broad mind, create more explosive products and push them overseas, so as to better realize the beauty and beauty of beauty in mutual understanding and mutual learning. "

　　"At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation represented by artificial intelligence is profoundly reshaping the pattern of international public opinion." Zhou Qingan, Dean of Tsinghua University School of Journalism and Communication, suggested that we should fully tap the content with China value and world significance, create new concepts, new categories and new expressions that integrate China and foreign countries, and constantly innovate expression channels, make efforts to be precise, diversified and differentiated, and make different design arrangements for different audiences, so that the world can better understand China and win the initiative in the ever-changing international situation.

　　Wu Zhiliang, president of the Macau Federation of Cultural Circles, said that Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is not only an economic community, but also needs to find effective modes and paths to explore and construct the Humanities Bay Area, which is of great theoretical and practical significance for strengthening exchanges and mutual learning and promoting common development.

　　Huo Qigang, deputy to the National People’s Congress, member of the Hong Kong Legislative Council and chairman of the Hong Kong Arts Development Council, said that under the current background, Hong Kong has the ability, advantages and historical mission to develop a cultural and artistic exchange center between China and foreign countries. Hong Kong can give full play to the advantages of coordinated industrial development, jointly promote culture to the sea, and tell the story of China to the outside world.

　　(Reporter Liu Yang, Yang Xuemei, Liu Nian, Zhao Mengyang, Cheng Yuanzhou, Hong Qiuting, chenglong, Li Hongxing, Liu Ruoxuan)

Have you tried instant retailing？

　　More intelligent logistics equipment provides support for online shopping of home appliances. The picture shows that not long ago, workers were driving forklifts to carry goods at Suning Huadong Logistics Center in Jiangning District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province.
　　Photo by Fang Dongxu (Xinhua News Agency)

　　Open the take-away platform, consumers can not only order a fast food, but also order clothes, beauty cosmetics, electronic digital and other commodities-with the rapid rise of retail digitalization and instant delivery business, the "instant retail" model with higher convenience and timeliness is quietly popular.

　　It is estimated that from 2020 to 2021, the annual growth rate of domestic instant retail will remain at 80%-100%. Industry insiders predict that the compound growth rate of instant retail will remain high in the next few years. The slogan of "Go inside and have everything", which used to be an offline store, is becoming a true portrayal of the take-away platform.

　　

　　Consumers pursue instant satisfaction.

　　"When time is tight, the advantages of instant retailing are reflected."

　　Many consumers have found that more and more things can be bought on the take-away platform.

　　Xiao Zhang, who is studying in Changsha, Hunan, is from Yangzhou, Jiangsu. Studying in a different place, she often misses her hometown flavor. On this day, she searched Yangzhou’s "Sanhe Simei" pickles on the take-away platform, but I didn’t expect that there were merchants selling them. "This brand is relatively small, and I thought there was no business to purchase. It’ s amazing to find the taste of hometown thousands of miles away, and decisively place an order! " Xiao Zhang said.

　　Based on stores and relying on instant delivery, this emerging consumption pattern similar to selling meals outside is called "instant retail". Hong Yong, an associate researcher at the E-commerce Research Institute of the Ministry of Commerce, told the author that with the help of the Internet platform, instant retailing can efficiently match local supply and demand, with the characteristics of fast speed and localization.

　　"E-commerce can be divided into far field, middle field and near field." Hong Yong said that it takes 2-3 days or even longer to place an order for shopping through platforms such as Taobao. The midfielder is shopping on the community group buying platform, and usually receives the goods the next day; Near field is instant retail, and the goods can be received in about 30-60 minutes after placing an order.

　　According to Focus on China Post-90s Consumer Groups published by Accenture, post-90s consumers pay more attention to delivery speed, with more than 50% of post-90s consumers expecting to receive the goods on the shopping day, and about 7% of post-90s consumers expecting to receive the goods within two hours. Some consumers use instant retailing because of its speed and convenience.

　　"There was an important online meeting two days ago, but the camera suddenly broke down an hour before the meeting. I quickly turned to the takeaway platform and placed an order for the camera of a nearby stationery store. " Chen Min, who lives in Beijing, recalled, "Fortunately, the takeaway brother was very powerful, and it was delivered in less than 30 minutes. This shows that when time is tight, the advantages of instant retailing are reflected. "

　　In the expert’s opinion, besides meeting the emergency demand, there are multiple reasons for the instant retail to become popular: the instant delivery system based on Internet technology is more perfect, the online shopping habit is developed under the influence of the epidemic, and the "Z generation" who pays attention to instant satisfaction is becoming the main consumer group … "These factors have promoted the rise of the instant retail model of’ everything can be bought’ and are favored by more and more consumers." Hong Yong said.

　　More sellers enter the market for instant retail.

　　"I have been doing shop business for several years, but now I mainly rely on online."

　　Corresponding to the growing consumer groups, on the supply side, businesses that originally focused on offline began to move online and start instant retail business.

　　"You have a new take-away order"-In a fresh supermarket in Wuchang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, the take-away prompt sounds from time to time. There is a long receipt hanging from the cashier’s desk, and the clerk is busy sorting the take-away order against the receipt.

　　Mr. Li, the owner of the shop, introduced that his own fresh supermarket was opened more than two years ago. "At first, I was mainly engaged in wholesale, and I could get a good supply. Later, everyone knew that our dishes and fruits were fresh and we had many repeat customers. " Mr. Li said that he had not considered doing online business before. "There are not enough people in the store, and I am afraid that it is too late to take orders."

　　The rise of "home economy" made him start to consider the transition to online. "After all, fresh products can’t be put down, so we have to clear the inventory as much as possible. If there is an epidemic, we have to rely on online orders." He said, "In this way, it’s good to start the instant retail model, which has an additional market."

　　There are also some traditional small shops that simply choose to focus on online business. Lao Zhao is the owner of a stationery store. His shop faces the street. It is small in size but sells many kinds, including common office stationery, hardware and labor insurance supplies, disposable travel supplies, printers and ink cartridges. During the epidemic, he also added mobile phone stands, cameras and other tools for online teaching.

　　"I now have 70% to 80% of my business coming from online." Lao Zhao, who has been doing stationery business for nearly ten years, said that when the take-away was just emerging, he never thought that stationery could also be used for take-away. "I started to do it when other businesses were online on the platform. I have been doing shop business for several years, but now I mainly rely on online. It seems that it is right to embrace new things. " Lao Zhao said that the partners who joined with him before have rented warehouses to specialize in online business. Now, he is also looking for a suitable pavement and considering transformation.

　　Small shops go online and draw a larger sales radius. The 2022 China Real-time Retail Development Report issued by China Chain Store & Franchise Association shows that through the online store business circle provided by the real-time retail platform and the efficient real-time distribution network, the store business circle will be expanded from the current 1 km to 3-5 km, and the coverage of store users will be greatly improved. For traditional supermarkets, the traffic of offline supermarkets is unstable and there are many influencing factors, while the instant retail platform has stable and massive user resources, which will bring new increments to offline physical retail.

　　It’s not just street shops that are actively involved. On October 21st, Suning.cn announced that it had reached a strategic cooperation with Meituan, becoming the first large-scale chain brand of 3C category of household appliances to settle in Meituan platform. Consumers can place an order to buy mobile phones, computers and household APPliances by searching for "Suning.cn" on "Meituan" or "Meituan Takeaway" app, and it can be delivered in 30 minutes at the earliest. According to the person in charge of Suning.cn, at present, more than 600 stores in Suning.cn have completed the establishment of the US delegation, covering 175 cities across the country. The two sides will continue to deepen cooperation, and plan to set up more than 1,000 stores in Suning.cn in 2023.

　　The supply chain is going digital in an all-round way

　　"Real-time retail mode is not just about enterprises entering online"

　　Compared with traditional "far-field" online shopping, "near-field" instant retail has also become a new entrance for consumers to buy large items under affordable orders.

　　"I didn’t participate in the’ double 11′ of the traditional shopping platform this year, but I ordered a refrigerator for takeaway." Xiao Chen, who lives in Xiamen, Fujian, said that he had heard that large supermarkets had an "online order, offline delivery" model. Some time ago, the refrigerator at home broke down and it happened to be "double 11", so he tried to buy a new refrigerator on the takeaway platform. "Compared with the e-commerce platform, plus coupons, full reduction, and comparison of gifts, the instant retail platform not only has the lowest price, the fastest delivery speed, but also guarantees after-sales." Xiao Chen said that after the delivery man came to the door, he carefully explained the matters needing attention in the use of refrigerators and after-sales service, which was very thoughtful.

　　Consumers’ "home demand" has climbed, and businesses have laid out online, which has promoted the rapid development of instant retailing. According to the data provided by Suning.cn, as of November 11th, Suning.cn’s orders on Meituan platform exceeded 60,000 orders. According to the data of Meituan platform, the number of digital 3C stores participating in "double 11" this year has tripled compared with last year. From October 30th to November 1st, the sales of computer products from local physical stores in Meituan increased by 73 times compared with the same period of last year. According to the Report on the Development of Instant Retail in China in 2022, people in the industry generally believe that the compound growth rate of instant retail will remain high in the next few years, and it is estimated that by 2026, the market scale of instant retail will exceed 1 trillion yuan.

　　If "online take-out" and opening the instant retail mode are the helpers for many street shops and traditional supermarkets to resist difficulties and open up sales, then entering the instant retail track will put forward higher requirements for the store’s operation ability. Take Boss Li, a fresh food store, as an example, to do a good job in take-away business, the store must match the special order sorting and distribution strength, and it is also necessary to strengthen after-sales service to ensure that the whole process of sales and transportation will not affect the shopping experience of consumers. For sellers with larger goods, it is an innovative attempt of mutual benefit and win-win to extend their reach online.

　　"Meituan has professional localization operation and service capabilities, and has a large number of young users. Through cooperation, we can share the resource advantages of both parties and jointly improve service efficiency. " The person in charge of Suning.cn Smart Internet Company said.

　　According to Peng Jianzhen, secretary general of China Chain Store & Franchise Association, instant retailing is not only the need of business development, but also the result of the development of cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things and intelligent technology. Instant retailing brings online traffic to offline merchants, and only by making more efforts in management and service features can offline merchants expect to convert more online traffic into actual sales.

　　"The instant retail model is not only for enterprises to settle online, but also requires enterprises to digitally transform the supply chain system, shorten the matching time between online demand and offline supply, and improve supply efficiency and quality." Hong Yong said. Small and medium-sized enterprises should actively improve the digital system to attract and train digital talents; Leading enterprises in the industry should increase their investment in real-time distribution technology and infrastructure such as unmanned vehicles, front warehouses and smart cabinets, so as to enhance their digital operation and management capabilities and truly open up real-time retail sales.

Graduation season survey： How many years have you graduated and how much money have you saved？

　　BEIJING, July 6 (Reporter Wu Tao Qiu Yu) Some students who are civil servants have already done it; Business students, driving a BMW and wearing fox fur, go to the World Cup in Russia; Those students who go to work day after day, some people have become the middle level of the world’s top 500 enterprises. There are also those who are poorly mixed, working in dilapidated residential buildings and holding a monthly salary of two or three thousand yuan … …

　　I once dreamed of going to the world with a sword, but now you are the worst in the class?

　　You know the truth, did you almost cry? But what is the truth? How much money have you saved since graduation? Recently, the reporter chatted with some people who live and work in Beijing.

　　Toby Lin: Graduated at the age of 26, with an annual salary of 120,000 for four years.

　　Toby Lin and her husband are both Beijingers, and they have just returned from traveling abroad some time ago.

　　"Part of the salary is deposited in the bank, and the rest is spent on eating, drinking and having fun. After one year of marriage, I saved more than 100,000 yuan. " She said.

　　Toby Lin has no trouble buying a house. In-laws give them a small apartment near the Second Ring Road, and there is a bigger house in the suburbs. The young couple are not far from their work units, and it takes less than half an hour to go to work by bike.

　　Toby Lin is engaged in clerical work, with a monthly salary of 8,000 yuan. Her husband works in a bank. The two are satisfied with their current income.

　　"How much money is more? If you earn 10,000 a month now, you will envy 20,000, and if you earn 20,000, you will envy 30,000. There is no end to this. " She said that she and her husband are people who are content with the status quo and easy to be satisfied, as long as their efforts are in direct proportion to their gains.

　　"My husband is a classmate who knows the roots. We have a little quarrel occasionally, but most of the time we are very happy." Toby Lin said that they intend to do a good job in their present jobs and are looking forward to having a baby.

　　Chen Pengfei: After graduating at the age of 37, the annual income of entrepreneurs for 12 years is eight figures.

　　How long can you earn tens of millions by working? Some people need years, decades or even hundreds of years.

　　But for Chen Pengfei, this is only one year’s income.

　　In 2006, after graduating from a foreign school, Chen Pengfei entered a professional service industry as a staff with a monthly salary of only 2,500 yuan. Four years later, he chose to start a business and led a team all the way forward. It only took more than ten years, and his annual income soared to eight figures.

　　So much money, where is it mainly spent? "Buy a house." Chen Pengfei, 37, said. Although his parents are old and his children are still young, he is not worried about the problems of parents’ pension and children’s education, because "problems that can be solved with money are not problems."

　　After work, Chen Pengfei insists on exercise and pays great attention to healthy diet and body shape management. He is very satisfied with his present life. When talking about his experience of "happiness", he said that after the annual income reached 1 million, the happiness index basically remained unchanged.

　　Regarding the future, Chen Pengfei thinks that there are infinite possibilities. In the future, he plans to train young people and constantly improve the professional research level of his industry.

　　Tian Yuan: Graduated at the age of 23, with an annual salary of 50,000 for a property manager for two years.

　　When she came to Beijing in July 2016, Tian Yuan found a job as a residential property manager. In just half a year, she watched the house price in the community rise from 60,000/square meter to 75,000/square meter.

　　However, Tian Yuan’s income has hardly increased, and it is still 3,500 yuan per month, with two more months’ salary at the end of the year.

　　Since graduating from junior college two years ago, Tian Yuan has saved a total of 20,000 yuan, all of which are in Alipay. The company provides dormitories, and her main expenses are food and clothing, with little entertainment.

　　"The price in Beijing is so high that you can hardly save any money. Don’t even think about buying a house." She said.

　　Talking about the reasons for coming to Beijing, she felt that there were more opportunities in Beijing, and she could also cultivate various abilities through work.

　　Tian Yuan plans to go back to his hometown in Shanxi after working for several years and accumulating some experience, to be closer to his parents and younger brother and take care of each other.

　　In February 2018, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province held a large-scale job fair for the Spring Festival, attracting nearly 10,000 job seekers to apply. Photo by Wei Liang

　　Ling Na: At the age of 36, she graduated for 10 years and the annual salary of educational institutions was 180,000 yuan.

　　Ling Na, who was born in Hebei Province, successfully entered an educational institution in Beijing after graduating from Peking University in 2008. Now, her annual salary after tax is 180,000 yuan (including 40,000 yuan provident fund), and she has a house, a car and an account in Beijing.

　　Others are used to positioning Lingna in the middle class, but who knows that Lingna is really a "loser".

　　"I have no deposit now, and I still have a mortgage of 2.4 million yuan and a credit loan of 200,000 yuan." Ling Na said, "Savings and wages are mainly used to buy a house."

　　In 2012, she bought the first suite in Changping, Beijing. In early 2017, she moved the heart of changing houses, so she sold the house in Changping and planned to buy a second-hand house in the North Third Ring Road. But unfortunately, just after the house was sold, the Beijing property market had a New Deal. The promising two-bedroom North Third Ring Road originally had a total price of 7 million yuan and a loan of 4 million yuan. After the policy change, the loan was only 2.4 million yuan, and the down payment was increased by 1.6 million yuan, which doubled the pressure.

　　Even so, Ling Na claims that her happiness is OK, her work in the system is stable and the pressure is not great. She wants to change to a three-bedroom apartment in the future. For the convenience of going to work, she now rents a house and rents out her own house, and the rent and rent collection are basically the same.

　　Ling Na said, "What makes me happy is that the unit only takes 10 minutes to walk from the place where it lives. Health and environmental protection also avoid the pain of crowded buses, which can also improve the happiness index."

　　Yu Gang: Graduated at the age of 34, with an annual salary of 300,000 yuan in IT industry for 10 years.

　　Standing at the crossroads that year, Yu Gang chose "going north".

　　After graduating from undergraduate course in 2008, Yu Gang came to Beijing after working in Shijiazhuang for one year, and entered the IT industry as a "code farmer".

　　"I came to Beijing mainly for career development, and the salary level in Shijiazhuang can’t be compared with Beijing." He said.

　　Yugang is very enterprising, and he mainly wants to plan his career development in the future, "and buy a house in Beijing." In fact, he has bought two suites, one in Shijiazhuang and the other in Tianjin.

　　"After working for so many years, I have saved about 500,000 to 600,000 yuan, all of which were used to buy a house and repay the loan. Now I have no cash in my hand." He said, "I usually have no impression of consumption. I haven’t calculated how much I spend. In short, I should spend what I spend, and my happiness is ok." (At the request of the interviewee, the characters in the text are pseudonyms) (End)

Fuel-saving and worry-free, a small car that is very suitable for home use has a unique appearance and strong power.

The progress of China brand cars in recent years is obvious to all, and some excellent achievements have been made in both internal and external design and comprehensive performance. What I want to introduce to you today is. Let’s take a look at it together.

First of all, from the appearance, the front face design of Euler Good Cat GT is very stable and looks sporty. Coupled with the cool headlights, the recognition is very high. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing and so on. Coming to the side of the car, the body size of the car is 4254 mm * 1848 mm * 1596 mm. The car adopts exquisite lines, and the side wall presents a fashionable and atmospheric design style. With large-sized thick-walled tires, smooth lines run through the whole side of the car. In the design of the rear end, the overall shape of the rear end echoes the front face, and the taillights present a cold design style, which is relatively beautiful overall.

Coming into the car, the interior design of Euler Good Cat GT looks deeper and the visual effect is very good. The car’s steering wheel is eye-catching, equipped with manual steering wheel up and down+front and rear adjustment and other functions, and the visual effect is good. Let’s take a look at the central control, with a 10.25-inch central control screen, which makes the interior style impressive and looks very delicate. Finally, let’s look at the dashboard and seats. The dashboard design is remarkable and the sports atmosphere is relatively in place. The car uses a leather/suede mixed seat, equipped with functions such as electric adjustment of the auxiliary seat, electric adjustment of the seat with memory, and the proportion of the seat down. The overall comfort and wrapping are not bad.

Euler Good Cat GT is 126KW, the total torque is 220N.m, and the maximum speed is 160 km/h..

The car is equipped with car networking, driving mode selection, remote control key, Bluetooth key, traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.), original factory interconnection/mapping and other configurations, and the configuration performance is quite good, bringing drivers and passengers a comfortable car experience.

This class of cars can often give consideration to both cost performance and practicality, and is often considered by most consumers as the first choice when buying a car. If you are going to buy a car, you might as well think about it.

Take a trip to Cheng Kun to find ＂new＂ Jinkouhe deep observation ｜ ＂Underachievers＂ want to turn over.

Sichuan online Leshan Xun (Wang Fei) In the first quarter, Jinkouhe received nearly 200,000 tourists, and the comprehensive tourism income was 67.8348 million yuan, an increase of 12.78% over last year.

The rapid growth of the cultural tourism market benefits from the improvement of transportation — — At the end of last year, the new chengdu-kunming railway was opened to traffic, and the E-Han Expressway was connected to the Jinkou River, which has since entered the era of "double highs".

Towards the era of "high speed", the "underachievers" hiding in the depths of the canyon vowed to fight a beautiful turnaround.

To benefit from barren hills, small blueberries turn into cash cows.

Starting from Jinkouhe South Station, about half an hour’s drive, the report team came to the modern agricultural alpine blueberry garden in Jinkouhe District.

Modern agricultural alpine blueberry garden in Jinkouhe District. (Photo courtesy of the interviewee)

Blueberry Orchard is located in the alpine valley of Xinhe Village, Yi nationality township in Gong ‘an, where more than 20 varieties and 30,000 blueberries blossom and bear fruit. Xiao Qiulin, deputy director of the Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Jinkouhe District, said that the cultivated land in Jinkouhe District is mainly concentrated in high altitude areas. There are many barren hills and woodlands in the middle and low altitude areas, which are idle and have not brought into full play the greatest economic benefits.

"To benefit from idle barren hills and woodlands". After several investigations, since 2019, Jinkouhe District has planted 3,120 mu of alpine blueberries in Heping Yi Township and Gong ‘an Yi Township, with an annual output value of 21 million yuan last year.

Making good use of the East-West cooperation mechanism, the Jinkouhe District Government reached an agreement with Zhejiang Lanmei Technology Co., Ltd. and other enterprises to jointly develop the blueberry industry of 10,000 mu, and build an alpine blueberry garden with the integration of scenic spots in the producing areas and an idyllic park. By transferring land, working in the garden, participating in shares and sharing dividends, it established an interest linkage mechanism with the surrounding people, which only drove 249 people around to work during the construction period, achieving an increase of 4.2 million yuan in labor services.

Blueberries that gradually blossom and bear fruit. (photo by Wang Fei)

At present, the blueberry orchard has built a comprehensive agricultural service center and 121 sightseeing picking sheds, and the blueberry harvest is in sight. Luo Xuyang, general manager of Leshan Blueprint Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. said that the construction of the park highlights the integration of agriculture and tourism, and integrates functions such as sightseeing picking, popular science tasting, "Industry-University-Research" and "entertainment shopping". "Every weekend, many citizens come to play with their children."

This is just the beginning. Xiao Qiulin introduced that according to the agreement, Zhejiang Lanmei Co., Ltd. will develop the "Lanmei No.1" intensive processing project in Jinkouhe.

At present, the dried blueberry production line with an annual output of 1,000 tons invested and built by the company has landed in Jinkouhe Industrial Park, which cooperates with the east and west of Zhejiang. By the end of 2024, the planting area of "Lanmei No.1" in the whole region will reach 12,000 mu, and the blueberry dried fruit production line can achieve full production and operation; In 2026, "Lanmei No.1" blueberry planting will be extended to the surrounding counties, and strive to reach 35,000 mu. Zhejiang Lanmei Co., Ltd. will invest in the construction of anthocyanin extraction project in Jinkouhe District. By then, the annual output value of blueberry industry in Jinkouhe River is expected to exceed 500 million yuan.

Let tourism be the engine, and the underachievers should strive for the advanced.

Crossing the city along the Dadu River, the road is surrounded by enclosures, and the sound of tinkling is one after another. "Two hydropower stations, Shaping I and Zhentouba II, are under construction." Yu Tinggang, member of the party group and deputy director of the Jinkouhe District Culture, Sports and Tourism Bureau, said.

Jinkou River is rich in hydropower resources. 58 large and small hydropower stations are scattered all over the region, creating its unique lakes and mountains.

Our destination, located in Shengli Village, yong he zhen, is the Dadu River Gorge in Sichuan, which is known as the "Top Ten Most Beautiful Grand Canyon in China".

A corner of the Dadu River Canyon in Sichuan. (photo by Wang Fei)

Due to the rising water level of the first-class hydropower station of Zhentouba, the turbulent Dadu River was "intercepted" here after crossing the cliffs with a total length of 26 kilometers, forming a wide water surface.

Taking advantage of this unique resource, Jinkouhe vigorously promotes the development of tourism and allows ordinary people to earn money at home. "I became a commentator in the Railway Corps Museum, and my children started a farmhouse." Wang Banghua, a villager in Shengli Village, said that villagers have started homestays and sold local products such as Laoying tea, bacon and pepper. "During the Spring Festival this year, there are so many people who come to play with us! There are not enough rooms, and the sofas are rushing to sleep. "

A corner of Shengli village. (photo by Wang Fei)

"It is hard to find a room, which is a sweetness and an early warning." Yu Tinggang explained that Jinkou River is rich in tourism resources, including not only the Grand Canyon, Dawa Mountain, Baixionggou and other natural landscapes, but also the Railway Corps Museum, the third-line construction culture and the Yi culture. Entering the "double-height era", the Jinkou River, which was raised in a boudoir, gradually entered people’s field of vision.

"Tourism will surely become a new engine for the economic development of Jinkouhe, but at present there are still shortcomings in our supporting facilities." Yu Tinggang said that underachievers should also strive for advancement. In order to make a turnaround, Jinkouhe will make great efforts in improving traffic conditions, equipping hotels and other infrastructure, and upgrading tourism formats.

Carry forward and inherit the brewing skills of Guizhou tea, and the sense of non-legacy cultural acceptance ceremony is full.

On the afternoon of January 7th, a special ceremony was held in Guiyang. With the witness of nearly 200 tea experts and scholars, Shi Hai, a representative inheritor of the intangible cultural heritage of Guizhou tea brewing technology, brought 10 young tea makers from Jiangsu, Fujian, Chongqing, Guangdong and the province under his command to inherit Guizhou tea culture and boost Guizhou tea industry in the way of China traditional apprentices.
According to reports, Shi Hai is a national first-class appraiser (tea appraisal and tea art), a gold medal winner of the first professional skill competition of tea appraisers in Guizhou Province, a winner of the "Wu Juenong Contribution Award" for China tea, an editorial board member of "China Tea Complete Book", the secretary general of the Guizhou Secretariat of the National Teahouse Office, and a visiting professor at Guizhou University of Technology. He studied under Mou Xiaohu, the son of Mou Yingshu, a leading figure in Guizhou tea industry, and a non-genetic inheritor of provincial traditional handmade tea, and has been committed to making tea in Guizhou. He is an ambassador for the promotion of Guizhou tea series such as Pu ‘anhong, Duyun Maojian, Waterfall Mao Feng and Guqing. In the past 10 years, he has not only promoted Guizhou tea to the inside and outside of the Great Wall, but also used his unique brewing techniques to make Guizhou tea sweet, mellow and fragrant, which has intoxicated many foreigners in Japan, South Korea, Europe, America and Southeast Asia.
"Guizhou tea culture needs to be promoted from generation to generation, tea-making skills need to be passed down from generation to generation, and Guizhou tea brands need to be promoted by Qi Xin." At the ceremony, Zhu Jun, a famous rural craftsman in Guizhou province and deputy secretary-general of Guizhou Secretariat of National Star Teahouse, Wu Guangwen, inheritor of Duyun Maojian tea making skills and deputy secretary-general of Qiannan Tea Association, Wei Rongquan, reviewer of National Star Teahouse, vice president of Duyun Maojian Tea Industry Development Chamber of Commerce and expert in rural tea making, Zhou Xiaoxiao, a national first-class tea technician and top ten innovative talents in Guizhou tea industry, and Liao Juan, a senior tea artist and teahouse manager, Lin Liping, the head of Lingfeng Science and Technology Industrial Park in Guizhou, Wu Mei, a senior tea artist, Li Wenting, a senior tea critic and intermediate tea artist, Liu Ahui, a counselor of Guiyang University Affiliated to the National People’s Congress, and Wan Qin, a researcher of tea culture, and other 10 tea people, in accordance with the traditional etiquette of accepting disciples, in a solemn atmosphere, paid homage to Cha Sheng Lu Yu, read a letter of introduction, the apprentice presented a post to the teacher, the master replied, and the master paid tribute to the teacher.
"Apprenticeship and apprenticeship are the inheritance of traditional culture. As an important part of Chinese excellent traditional culture, tea culture should be carried forward and passed down. In particular, Guizhou, as the province with the largest tea planting area in China, needs cultural empowerment for industrial development." After witnessing Shihai’s apprentice-receiving ceremony, nearly 200 tea experts, scholars and tea people from both inside and outside the province said that after participating in this activity which originated from ancient law and has an innovative atmosphere of the times, they have gained a little more knowledge and understanding about the inheritance of mentoring and enhancing cultural confidence. There are 7 million mu of tea in Guizhou, and more tea people are needed to promote tea culture, join in tea technology and strengthen tea industry.
"Receiving apprentices means a heavier responsibility for inheritance." "Appreciating the teacher also means a heavier responsibility for inheritance." After the apprentice ceremony, Shi Hai and his disciples said that Guizhou tea has great potential and broad space in terms of cultural background, natural environment, climatic conditions, tea-making technology, brewing technology, brand building, marketing promotion, market expansion, chain extension, etc. From now on, it is a brand-new starting point to concentrate on promoting Guizhou tea.
"The spread of tea culture should start with young people and start with students. Our college needs tea culture scholars like Mr. Shi Hai more." At the acceptance ceremony, Shi Hai was also hired as a visiting professor by Guizhou City Vocational College, and Wang Huawei, the dean and doctoral supervisor of the college, issued a letter of appointment.
Qian mingxuan
Editor Hu Jiayi
Wu ruixi in the second instance
Third trial of Hongbin Zhao
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Fifty years ago, the ＂war＂ in the automobile industry： the unsuccessful acquisition of Ford and Ferrari.

Source: Tiger Sniffing APP
Original title: If you don’t sell yourself, I will hammer you.
Author: Sun Mingyuan
On May 21st, 1963, Don Fryer, Vice President of Ford, and many senior executives arrived in Maranello. In a small conference room, there were all Ford and a team of professional lawyers at one end, and Enzo Ferrari and several local lawyers at the other end. At first, it seemed to go smoothly, but suddenly Enzo put down his contract documents, took out his famous pen filled with purple ink from his suit and wrote on the left side of a paragraph: "No, I can’t accept this one!" "
(Enzo wrote "No, that‘s not OK" with a purple ink pen on the left side of the contract, originally in Italian)
Then the two sides went through a long negotiation, and finally Enzo said faintly to the lawyer on the side, "Come on, let’s go to dinner." Then he got up and turned away with the lawyer, leaving Ford and his party and the lawyer team looking at each other.
(Photo taken when Ford and his party signed a contract with Enzo Ferrari in 1963)
This means that Ford’s acquisition of Ferrari was a complete failure, and it also opened the curtain of the most touching "war" in the automobile industry in the last century.
prologue
In the 1960s, the hippie Beatles and the Rolling Stones were in full swing, and the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was just established. At this time, the automobile industry is in the development period, especially in the United States. Low oil prices and convenient highways have made the American automobile industry enter a high-speed development stage. The main theme of the United States at that time was "Nothing is impossible", and all industries were trying to break records and create miracles.
After World War II, because Edsel Ford (son of Henry Ford) died young, and Henry Ford was old, and the company’s political struggle and other reasons, Ford was faced with great difficulties, and its sales plummeted. The company urgently needed a new leader.
So in 1943, Henry Ford II (the eldest son of edsel Ford), who was still serving in the Navy during World War II, was "recalled" to work in Ford and became the CEO of Ford Motor Company two years later. Through a series of management reforms and personnel changes, he successfully "saved" Ford, turned losses into profits in a few years, and listed Ford in 1956, which was comparable to GM and Chrysler at that time.
Although the sales volume was increasing, Ford was generally regarded as "a car company for the elderly" at that time. Even though Americans agreed that Ford was reliable and durable, it lacked exciting features and was not suitable for young people.
(Ford Tudor in 1950s)
Ford hoped to seize the youth market, and the best way at that time was to participate in international automobile competitions as an advertisement to change the "old" brand impression, so he founded the racing project "Total performance Program", which was in charge of Don Fryer, then vice president.
When Ford II searched all the lists, he found the Ferrari that was "on sale" at that time. At that time, Ferrari almost dominated the world racing competition, and the most influential one was the 24 Hours of Le Mans in France.
(Starting characteristics of 24-hour Mountain Endurance Race)
In 1929, Enzo Ferrari founded Scuderia Ferrari in Modena (translated as "Ferrari Stable", literally translated as Ferrari stable, that is, Ferrari team). It is not difficult to see from the name that Enzo has only focused on the field of racing since he founded Ferrari. At first, Ferrari existed as a racing division of Alfa Romeo. Later, in 1933, it replaced the original internal racing division and became the racing division of Alfa Romeo.
Later, the company dissolved the Ferrari team and made Enzo the captain of the newly established Alfa Corse team. So on September 6, 1939, Enzo decided to leave Alfa Romeo and set up his own company. However, due to the agreement signed when he left, he was not allowed to participate in any competition or car production under the name of Ferrari for four years. Enzo first founded a company in the former site of Ferrari team, engaged in the production of aircraft parts and related tools, and then produced the first Ferrari racing car-TiPO 815 (without Ferrari logo) based on Fiat platform in 1940.
（Tipo 815）
In 1943, Enzo moved the factory to Maranello, and Ferrari has not changed its address since then. The car with Ferrari logo in the true sense is the 125 S produced in 1947, equipped with a 1.5-liter V12 engine, and Ferrari Motor Company officially "set sail".
（Ferrari 125S）
There is a joke called: "Ferrari without V12 engine is not called Ferrari at all."
The story behind this sentence is that Enzo never wanted to produce streetcars, nor did he want to compromise Ferrari’s proud V12 engine. But his son Dino didn’t think so. Dino had designed and developed Ferrari V6 engine and V8 engine, which was the source of V8 engine that Ferrari often used later. Although Enzo didn’t want to be disturbed by things outside the competition, the reality was cruel, and the funds needed to participate in the competition were amazing, so he had to compromise to produce streetcars to finance the team.
One is the American automobile empire, which is in urgent need of the injection of racing genes, and the other is the stubborn Italian racing fanatic, which is faced with huge funding problems. It seems to be a "hit it off" thing, but in fact Ferrari is "on sale" just because Enzo hopes to have capital inflow to ensure his racing career. So when Enzo saw that it was written in black and white "including the right to control and operate Ferrari cars", he turned down the $18 million acquisition contract without mercy.
(Enzo is dissatisfied with the content of the treaty, and the purple line is drawn.)
Ford II flew into a rage when the news of the failure of the negotiations returned to Detroit. Not only did Ford send Don Fryer, then vice president, to buy Ferrari, and spent nearly nine months in communication and negotiation, which cost more than $3 million in manpower and material resources, but finally only got a pile of "waste paper" on the table under Enzo’s back.
First battle Ferrari
The reason why Ford II was so angry was that his previous "efforts" went down the drain, and there was news that Enzo didn’t want to sell it to Ford at that time, just to show it to Fiat (Ferrari was acquired by Fiat in 1969), and Enzo once said to Ford II, "You are far less great than your grandfather Henry Ford."
（Henry Ford II）
In a rage, Ford II summoned all Ford’s right-hand men and gave a dead order: "Build me a car that can completely defeat Ferrari and conquer the French 24-hour Le Mans endurance race!"
At that time, Ford was not without racing experience, and Ford had achieved good results in American races such as Indy 500 and NASCAR. However, Le Mans Endurance Race is far away in Europe and France. The track is a daily road and only two lanes wide, with a lap of 8.3mile (about 13.357km), a total mileage of over 3,000 miles (4,828 km) and a top speed of up to 210 miles/h (338 km/h). It also faces various weather environments such as rain, fog and night during the 24-hour race. For Ford, this is tantamount to a novice challenge to Mount Everest.
(24-hour Le Mans Raceway)
So when Ford II said, "No matter how much it costs, I must win the XXX in Italy", many people thought this sentence was as unbelievable as President Kennedy’s "We are going to the moon".
In order to quickly adapt to European races, Ford found a small racing company in Britain-Lola Cars (a small company focusing on racing, located in Slough Industrial Park near London, the site is still there). They have European racing experience and existing mid-engine chassis, so they were hired to build chariots with Ford engineers.
However, time was too tight. In March 1964, it took only seven months, and the first prototype Ford GT equipped with a British chassis and a Ford engine came out. At that time, several drivers including Bruce Mclaren (founder of McLaren) did a lot of tests and improvements for GT, and initially solved many problems.
（Bruce Mclaren）
The extremely streamlined body is only 40 inches (1016mm) high, so it is named GT40. Equipped with the engine of Ford Indy 500, 4.2-liter V8, with about 350 horsepower, seems very promising.
（Ford GT40 Prototype）
However, in fact, due to the lack of experience in aerodynamic design at that time, the cooling air inlets designed at the front of the vehicle not only did not work, but also produced a lifting force, resulting in insufficient downforce of the vehicle. In April, 1964, Ford took the GT40 prototype to Le Mans Test Day. Although the speed was very fast, the whole vehicle had no stability and handling. Even on the straight track, it could lose its grip but slip and turn. This happened not just at the beginning, but at the speed of 170mile/h (about 273.6km/h).
The problem is not only in aerodynamics, but also in suspension. At that time, Ford didn’t understand why the vehicle was so unstable, because the GT40 crashed at the speed of 160mile/h(257.5km/h) that afternoon. Although Ford took two GT40s with him, the second one crashed the next day.
At this time, it was only two months before the 1964 Le Mans Endurance Race.
Despite the difficulties, Ford finally arrived at the Le Mans Endurance Race as scheduled with three GT40. On June 20, 1964, the race started as scheduled. Ford’s three GT40 took the lead in the second lap and even set an average speed record of 131mile/h/h (about 210.8km/h). However, in the end, all three cars failed to finish the race because of an accident or gearbox failure.
As a result, Ferrari won the championship for the fifth time in a row, beating Ford with the results of first, second and third place.
Fight Ferrari again
Ford II did not lose heart, but said, "We will come again next year and beat Ferrari!" "
After the first failure, Ford decided to let Carroll Shelby be the leader of GT40 project. Shelby is a famous American designer, racing driver and entrepreneur. He used to be a flight instructor and test pilot during World War II, and he worked as an oil worker and a chicken farm farmer after retiring. At first, as a racing amateur, he made amazing achievements in many races. In 1959, he won the 24-hour Le Mans Endurance Championship by driving aston martin DBR1.
(In 1956, Shelby took part in the Mount Washington Climbing Race in a Ferrari 375GP.)
Because Shelby suffered from heart valve leakage when he was 7 years old, he needed to take nitroglycerin for a long time to keep his heart normal. It is precisely because of this that Shelby was rejected by Ferrari as a driver. After 1959, Shelby stopped racing as a driver, but founded Shelby American Company in southern California, USA, whose business was to modify and produce racing cars. Because of the previous competition, he was very interested in a British company named AC Ace, and wanted to build a racing car with its chassis body and the developed V8 engine in the United States.
At that time, Corvette (owned by General Motors) rejected his request, but Ford extended an olive branch to him. Ford’s V8 engine at that time was not only able to generate powerful power in generate, but also very suitable for retrofitting and installing the chassis of existing AC Ace cars. In 1962, Shelby reached a cooperation with Ford and produced the first Cobra model in history-the famous AC Cobra 260.
（AC Cobra 260）
In fact, in 1964, when three Ford cars lost, Shelby American had a car (Shelby Daytona Cobra Coupe) with a 4.7L Ford engine and finished the race in the fourth place. In addition, in 1963 and 1964, AC Cobra with the same engine finished the race in the 7th and 18th places respectively.
So when Ford lost the first Le Mans race, Shelby came to mind first. In addition, Shelby’s engineering team has talented engineers (such as Phil Remington) who come to F1 and other competitions, including New Zealand, Japan, Australia, Italy, France, Germany and Britain. "A very cohesive team," Ford II commented.
“Carol was a Can-do， Let’s-get-it-done kind of guy and very much like my father， Carol had a very outgoing personality and I think that my father（Henry Ford II） personality and carol’s personality meshed reasonably well．” "Carol is a highly effective and very capable person, much like my father. His personality is very cheerful, which coincides with my father’s personality and gets along very well. "-Edsel Bryant Ford II (edsel Ford II, son of Henry Ford II)
Of course, I have to mention another legend here-Ken Miles, a British automobile engineer, racing driver and one of Shelby’s close friends. He served as a tank commander during World War II, and participated in car races and made racing cars after retiring. In 1953, he won 14 consecutive victories in SCCA League by driving his own car. Because of similar interests, Shelby invited Miles to join Shelby American and become the chief test driver. Together, they built the famous AC Corbra and Shelby GT350.
(left Bruce Mclaren, right Ken Miles)
When Shelby received the heavy responsibility, he first asked Miles to test the GT40 in Riverside International Raceway in Southern California. As a result, several drivers said the same sentence after the test: "It’s bloody awesome, I hate it．."
The extreme instability of the vehicle and many problems have made the team sweat.
Next, the whole team began to work day and night, and even ate amphetamine as jelly beans. Starting with aerodynamics, the problem of body modeling is solved first; Then the original Ford 4.2-liter V8 engine was replaced by Ford 4.7-liter V8 engine, which improved the power a lot. Then the gearbox was replaced by a 5-speed gearbox made by ZF in Germany, and the reliability was improved. In addition, the cooling system, suspension, wheel hub, tires and other parts are modified and optimized. The new model GT40 Mk1 Daytona is almost the same as the original GT40 Mk1 (after the new model is released, the first generation of models participating in Le Mans will be called MK1 to distinguish different GT40, and then the code will be added later). You can even think that Shelby and Miles have applied many experiences from Shelby Daytona Cobra Coupe to GT40.
(1965 GT40 Mk1 Daytona)
The transformed GT40 Mk1 Daytona is indeed much better than before, and even won the 2000km endurance race in Daytona Continental, defeating Ferrari P2 driven by John Surtees (legendary driver, the only one who has won two and four world championships so far, and the oldest surviving F1 world champion). And won the second and third place in the next 12 hours of Sebring endurance race. However, due to problems such as gearbox, some races that GT40 Mk1 Daytona participated in later ended in failure.
(In 1965, three Ferrari cars crossed the line at the same time in the 24-hour Le Mans endurance race)
In 1965, the French 24 Hours Le Mans Endurance Race was held again. This time, six Ford GT40 (different versions) participated, but none of them was able to finish the race. Ferrari once again "humiliated" Ford’s ambition and won five consecutive championships.
Three wars Ferrari
So far, Ford has invested millions of dollars in the GT40 project, but none of the cars have completed the Le Mans race. Ford II is faced with a dilemma, either to give up the "war" with Ferrari and stop investing, or to continue to increase investment and "crash" Ferrari.
The answer given by Ford II was to send a card with a name to everyone involved in the project, and a sentence was written under the name: "You‘d better win! (In the interview, Shelby recalled "Ford wins Le Mans in 1966")
When Ford II handed the cards to the team members one by one, Shelby and several engineers asked, "What about the financial budget restrictions?"
Ford only replied: "You are only responsible for winning, and don’t worry about anything else!"
In order to continue to improve GT40, Myers and his team have invested thousands of hours in testing and research. The new GT40 Mk2 has further increased the engine displacement, from 4.7-liter V8 to 7.0-liter V8 (the engine used by Ford for NASCAR). Because of the engine with such a huge volume and power, the chassis structure has been strengthened, the suspension system has been upgraded, the cooling system has been optimized, and the braking system has been improved … The new GT40 Mk2 will no longer be extremely unstable, even at the speed of 210mile/h (about 338km/h), it is still rock-solid.
(GT40 Mk2, the one that Ken Miles drove in 1966 still exists in the world, worth more than 15 million pounds).
What is even more exaggerated is that Shelby, Myers and Ford team jointly developed a set of computer simulation equipment, which can simulate the whole gearbox working condition of Le Mans race. The reason why the gearbox has always been a "drag" before is that on the one hand, the engine power and torque have risen sharply on the existing power system, and the gearbox has not had enough time to verify its reliability; On the other hand, at that time, the Le Mans race had to shift gears nearly 9000 times, and it was easy to go wrong after 24 hours of continuous high-intensity use on the Le Mans track, which tortured the car. (For example, in 1965, several P2 models sent by Ferrari failed to complete the race because of the gearbox).
Although this set of gearbox simulation equipment later became the standard equipment in the development of F1 racing cars, it was almost witchcraft at that time. Through computer signal transmission, every gear shift in the whole Le Mans race is actually simulated, and the gearbox is also connected to the engine to simulate the real racing situation.
The date of the duel between David and Gliath is approaching.
The Italians didn’t stand still at this time. In order to cope with Ford’s menacing challenge, Ferrari took out the P3 model that had just been produced. The streamlined body is even more exaggerated than GT40, and the height of 37.4inch (about 95 cm) is even lower than GT40. At that time, the top speed of GT40 was a little more than 210mile/h/h (about 338km/h), while the top speed of P3 was only 190mile/h/h (about 305.8km/h). However, Enzo was willing to sacrifice some top speed for lightness and flexibility, so that P3 control would be better without accidents in the narrow track, and it would be possible to refuel in P room less times.
(Ferrari P3, now worth more than 20 million pounds)
On June 18th, 1966, Ford brought the Armada-8 GT40, 20 tons of spare parts, and a team of top racers (Kim Myers, Bruce McLaren, etc.).
Ford II was invited as the opening guest of that year’s Le Mans Endurance Race. With the flag waving in his hand, the race officially started. At first, Ford relied on strong speed to gain the lead, but when the time came, Ferrari regained the first and second positions with more flexible maneuverability and fuel economy.
(Ford II waves the flag and the game begins)
On the contrary, Ford was asked to strictly implement the strategy of "drive carefully, don’t be reckless" because of the painful memory of "bow and snake shadow" However, one person in the team ignored this instruction, and Kim Myers decided to give it a shot, constantly setting a shocking lap record and regaining the leading position from Ferrari.
The next morning, when the morning sun shone on Le Mans, France, three P3 cars brought by Ferrari either broke down on the side of the road due to mechanical failure or had a serious accident and had to retire.
On the afternoon of June 19th, three GT40MK2s passed the finish line side by side with the cheers of the audience and all Ford people, and won the first, second and third place, and won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in France in 1966, which shattered Ferrari’s dream of winning six consecutive championships.
(In 1966, three GT40 cars crossed the line at the same time)
This is a great victory that goes down in history, and it is also the most unforgettable moment in the history of automobiles, and it is also the starting point for Ford’s glory.
“It was one terrific time， one that could never repeat again．” ——Carroll Shelby
postscript
Ford, who was on a roll, successively won the following three French 24-hour Le Mans Endurance Championship, but it is a pity that Kim Myers, who helped Ford win all these dazzling achievements, failed to witness the subsequent glory.
（GT40 J-Car）
After Mk2′ s total victory, Ford did not stop, but continued to improve its aerodynamics and chassis. Two months after the race, when the test car GT40 J-car was tested at Riverside International Raceway in Southern California, Myers died in an accident, and his son witnessed it by the track.
（Ken Miles）
What is even more regrettable is that in the Le Mans race in 1966, because the victory was already locked, Ford hoped that the three cars could cross the line together and let the reporter take this unforgettable scene, so Myers slowed down and waited for the other two cars to catch up before crossing the line together. However, although Miles’ car passed the finish line first, the organizer suddenly put forward an unknown rule. Because Bruce McLaren’s parking space was a distance behind Miles’ car, according to the total length, McLaren won the first place. As a result, Miles missed out on the "Grand Slam" of the three most influential events (Le Mans, Sebring and Daytona) in 1966.
After the death of Miles, the project was suspended for two months. After that, Ford introduced a brand-new model GT40 Mk4, which has a brand-new body, suspension and brakes compared with Mk2, and a new model with big tires and brakes. In Le Mans linear track, it can be 50mile/h/h faster than Mk2 (about 80.5km/h), and it also uses a 7.0-liter V8 engine equipped with Mk2. (6200 rpm in 1st gear can accelerate to 144.8km/h)
（GT40 Mk4）
In 1967, when many people thought that Ford only won the race by "luck" last year, Dan Gurney drove the GT40 Mk4 to cross the finish line again in the first place.
On the podium, Gurney had a whim, throwing a long-shaken bottle of champagne at the crowd and reporters, becoming the first person in the history of racing to make this celebration, and this habit has been "used" to this day.
(Gurney sprayed champagne on the crowd at the award ceremony in 1967)
After that, Ford decided to withdraw from Le Mans. On the one hand, Ford has proved its strength and achieved the expected goal. On the other hand, FIA announced a new rule in 1967, "The engine displacement of participating vehicles should not exceed 5 liters". Gurney once joked in an interview: "Europeans know that if they don’t change the rules, they can’t take the championship from the Americans."
However, in the 1968 and 1969 French 24 Hours Le Mans Endurance Race, John Wyer (team manager when Shelby won the Le Mans championship in Aston Martin in 1959, left Aston Martin in 1963, joined Ford in 1964 and participated in the research and development process of GT40) changed the model with Ford GT40 Mk1 (4.9-liter V8 engine) in the name of his own company (JW Automotive Engineering).
When the rules were changed again in 1969, GT40 completely withdrew from the 24-hour Le Mans race in France.
Nowadays, it is difficult to calculate how much Henry Ford II invested in this battle. Some experts speculate that according to today’s monetary value, Ford spent about 360 million pounds to teach Ferrari a lesson.
If there were no political reasons for Ferrari’s team management, which led to the replacement of Ferrari’s legendary driver John Sutis before the race in 1966, it might be hard to say whether it would be won or lost that year. If Kim Myers hadn’t died young two months after that victory, perhaps Ford would have won more glory in the racing world. If …
In fact, there are countless ifs, but we just need to remember that carote Shelby and Kim Myers have made indelible contributions in this great "battle", and there are still many people’s contributions in the GT40 project. Ford II is definitely a great figure in the history of automobiles …
“I want my legacy to be I want to make sure those people are recognized， they were pioneers．”——Carroll Shelby
More than 50 years have passed, and that embarrassing legend has left us not only a legendary GT40, but also a splendid automobile culture.
References:
Grand Tour Season 1 Episode 6.Ford VS Ferrari, which will be released in North America on November 15th, has not yet been set in China.Behind the Headlights documentary.The Carroll Shelby Story, the autobiography of Shelby.Interviews with Legendary Designers & Engineers, interview with Shelby on October 12, 1997.Racing in the blood: the story of the Ford GT40, website of Motoring Research.
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