Looking forward to the general secretary of the Supreme Leader talking about the inclusiveness of Chinese civilization.

  ◇ Chinese civilization is famous for its openness and tolerance since ancient times. It has an eclectic and all-encompassing broad mind, which has both a "inclusive" mind and a "tolerant" wisdom.

  ◇ The idea of "one country under heaven, harmonious society and all nations" is an important element of Chinese excellent traditional culture, which profoundly embodies Chinese’s view of the world and the world, and shows the open and inclusive pattern and big mind of Chinese civilization.

  ◇ To further stimulate the inclusive characteristics of Chinese civilization, we should persist in focusing on ourselves, connecting ancient and modern times and integrating Chinese and foreign countries, actively absorb and learn from all outstanding achievements of ancient and modern Chinese and foreign civilizations, constantly create new glories of Chinese culture and build a modern civilization of the Chinese nation.

  Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, Gansu Province (photo taken on April 25, 2023) Photo taken by Chen Bin/this magazine.

  On June 2, 2023, at the symposium on cultural inheritance and development, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "Chinese civilization has outstanding inclusiveness" and made a profound exposition. This points out the direction for us to understand the inclusive characteristics of Chinese civilization.

  Tolerance is the virtue of heaven and earth in Chinese’s mind, a kind of mind and wisdom. Through the word "Bao" and "Rong", we can deeply understand the inclusive characteristics of Chinese civilization.

  "Bao" is all-encompassing, embracing the world, embodying the broad mind of Chinese civilization, highlighting the civilized state and pattern of Chinese civilization with extensive content and rich connotation, as well as the civilized mentality of opening to the outside world.

  "Tolerance" embodies the superb tolerance wisdom of Chinese civilization, and highlights that Chinese civilization correctly handles differences, resolves conflicts and realizes integration on the basis of all parties, so that all parties can live in harmony and develop together.

  The reason why Chinese civilization can last for a long time and is deeply rooted lies in its unparalleled inclusiveness and absorption, with both a "inclusive" mind and a "tolerant" wisdom.

  The mind of "Bao"

  Chinese civilization has been famous for its openness and tolerance since ancient times, and it has an eclectic and all-encompassing broad mind.

  Including the diversity of all ethnic groups. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "A history of China is a history in which all ethnic groups blend and converge into a pluralistic Chinese nation".

  China is a unified multi-ethnic country, and the Chinese nation is gradually formed in the exchanges between various ethnic groups on the land of China. Since ancient times, there have been many ethnic groups on the land of China. After a long period of ethnic migration and ethnic integration, the Chinese nation with 56 ethnic groups has been formed, showing a pluralistic and integrated pattern.

  "Pluralism" means that all ethnic groups have their own personnel groups, lifestyles, customs and habits, have created their own distinctive cultural traditions, and have the freedom to use and develop their own spoken and written languages and religious beliefs.

  "Integration" means that all ethnic groups belong to the Chinese nation, jointly explore China’s vast territory, jointly write China’s long history, and jointly create China’s splendid culture, forming a national community with staggered distribution, eclectic culture, economic interdependence and emotional closeness. You have me, I have you, and no one can live without anyone, and building a common spiritual home for the Chinese nation.

  Chinese civilization is a civilization jointly created by the big family of the Chinese nation, and Chinese culture is the epitome of all ethnic cultures. From Zhao Wuling Wang Hu Fu riding and shooting to the localization reform of Emperor Xiaowen in the Northern Wei Dynasty; From "Everyone in Luoyang learns Hu Le" to "Qiang people in Wan Li do their best to sing Chinese songs"; From the frontier ethnic groups’ habit of "clothes under the clothes" and "elegant songs and Confucian clothes" to the prevalence of "clothes under the pants" in the Central Plains, Hu Yi Hu Mao, and the lion dance, Hu Qin and cheongsam that can be seen everywhere today, all show the mutual learning and integration of national cultures.

  Including different ideas, let a hundred flowers blossom. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "We should adhere to the policy of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend, promote academic democracy and artistic democracy, create a positive, healthy, relaxed and harmonious atmosphere, advocate full discussion of different viewpoints and schools, advocate full development of genres, themes, forms and means, and promote the exchange of ideas, contents, styles and schools."

  Ideological culture is the core content of China traditional culture. Chinese ideology and culture are developing in multiple directions, including various ideas and academic schools.

  In the pre-Qin period, there was a prosperous situation in which hundred schools of thought contended. Later, from the pre-Qin Confucianism, Confucian Classics in Han Dynasty, metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties to Buddhism in Sui and Tang Dynasties, the confluence of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties, Chinese ideology and culture experienced several periods of academic prosperity, resulting in various theories such as Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Mohism, Fame, Legalism, Yin and Yang, Agriculture, Miscellany and Military, and Laozi, Confucius, Zhuangzi, Mencius and Xunzi emerged.

  In the historical process, although Confucianism has been in a dominant position for a long time, it has always been different from other theories, opposing and unifying, competing with each other and learning from each other. These thoughts and theories are changing with time and changing with things. They are constantly developing and updating in line with the requirements of China’s economic and social development and the advancement of the times, and have long-term vitality. Let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend is the historical trend and basic law of the long-term development and evolution of Chinese ideology and culture, and it is also the basic policy that must be adhered to to to continue to promote the prosperity and development of Chinese ideology and culture.

  Many religions coexist harmoniously in Baona. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "The law of the development of religion lies in ‘ And ’ " .

  China is a country where many religions coexist, including local Taoism, foreign Buddhism, Islam, Catholicism, etc., forming a harmonious pattern in which various religious beliefs coexist in diversity. Historically, Chinese civilization has tolerated and accepted different religions. On the one hand, we recognize the existence of different religious beliefs, allow the healthy activities and development of religions, and give full play to their positive roles; On the other hand, efforts should be made to guide religions to adapt to China society and integrate with Chinese culture, and actively promote the localization of religions. For example, Buddhism originated in ancient India, but after it was introduced to China, after a long-term evolution, Buddhism merged with Confucianism and Taoism in China, forming a unique Buddhist theory.

  Including all countries’ civilizations and nations. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Since ancient times, the Chinese nation has taken ‘ The world is one ’ 、‘ Concord Wanbang ’ Broad-minded, confident and generous to carry out ethnic exchanges and cultural exchanges with other countries. "

  Chinese civilization is an open system. Shang Shu Yao Dian records the situation of "harmony among all nations" in the era of Emperor Yao. More than 100 years BC, China began to open up the Silk Road to the Western Regions. In the Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian made two missions to the Western Regions, and China’s fleet arrived in India and Sri Lanka to exchange goods. Foreign exchanges were very active in the Tang Dynasty, with more than 70 countries making good contacts. The Song Dynasty actively opened up overseas trade, which played a great role in promoting economic development. The Yuan Dynasty established direct contact with Eurasia and promulgated a series of policies to encourage foreign trade. Zheng He, a famous navigator in Ming Dynasty, made seven ocean voyages and reached Africa. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, Chinese actively studied modern scientific and technological knowledge, and European knowledge of astronomy, medicine and mathematics was introduced into China.

  Since modern times, exchanges and mutual learning between Chinese and foreign civilizations have been more frequent. In particular, Marxism was introduced into China, deeply integrated with Chinese civilization, and inspired new vitality of Chinese civilization with the light of truth. The exchange and blending of Chinese and foreign civilizations has greatly promoted the spread of Chinese culture to the world, and also greatly promoted the introduction of cultures and products from various countries into China. The idea of "one country under heaven, harmonious society and all nations" is an important element of Chinese excellent traditional culture, which profoundly embodies Chinese’s view of the universe and the world, and shows the broad pattern and broad mind of Chinese civilization’s eclecticism, openness and tolerance to world civilization.

  The wisdom of "tolerance"

  Treating different nationalities, ideas, religious beliefs and national civilizations, Chinese civilization is good at resolving conflicts, building consensus and achieving integration on the basis of respecting differences and pluralism, and has superb wisdom of "tolerance".

  Treat each other as equals. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Civilization is equal, and human civilization has the premise of exchange and mutual learning because of equality."

  The premise of tolerance is equality, which means that all parties concerned respect each other and treat each other as equals on the same status. Chinese traditional culture contains rich ideas of equality. For example, Laozi’s "Heaven’s Way can make up for the deficiency", Confucius advocates "teaching without distinction", and Buddhism emphasizes "equality of all beings", and so on.

  From the perspective of the integration and development of the Chinese nation, the reason why the Chinese nation can form a national unity with strong vitality is precisely because it has achieved national unity and mutual assistance on the basis of equality and respect among ethnic groups, and all ethnic groups have jointly created national history and resisted external risks.

  From the perspective of different civilizations, all kinds of human civilizations are equal in value, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The development history of human civilization shows that it is foolish in understanding and disastrous in practice to think that one’s own race and civilization are superior and insist on transforming or even replacing other civilizations. It is precisely because we treat other civilizations with equality, modesty and respect, and learn from the achievements of different civilizations that Chinese civilization has always been enduring in eclecticism.

  Exchange and learn from each other. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Civilization is colorful because of communication, and civilization is enriched because of mutual learning."

  On the basis of equality and respect, mutual exchange, mutual learning and mutual learning are the fundamental ways to achieve tolerance and integration. The history of mankind is a magnificent picture of the exchange, mutual learning and integration of different civilizations. "The Analects of Confucius" begins by saying, "It’s better to learn from time to time, isn’t it? Isn’t it a pleasure to have friends coming from afar? " This profoundly reflects the civilized character of the Chinese nation, which loves learning, is good at communication and advocates communication. The 5,000-year history of Chinese civilization fully shows that all species, technologies, resources, people, and even ideas and cultures are developing and progressing through continuous communication, exchange and interaction.

  In the long-term evolution process, Chinese civilization has gained rich nutrition from exchanges with other civilizations, and has also made important contributions to the progress of human civilization. The opening of the Silk Road, the dispatch of a large number of Tang envoys from Sui Dynasty to China, Fa Xian and Xuan Zang’s journey to the west to learn from the scriptures, Zheng He’s seven trips to the ocean, and so on are all vivid examples of exchanges and mutual learning between Chinese and foreign civilizations.

  To learn from external civilization, we must uphold two attitudes: we must actively learn from the strengths of external civilization, persist in learning from each other’s strengths, and choose the good and follow; We should also proceed from the reality of our country and nation, and persist in removing the rough and selecting the fine, removing the false and retaining the true.

  Seek common ground while reserving differences. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Civilized coexistence requires the spirit of harmony but difference."

  "The beauty of harmony lies in the similarities and differences." The key to the exchange and integration of civilizations is to handle the differences between different civilizations. "Things are not uniform, and the feelings of things are also." Difference and diversity are the basic characteristics and inherent attributes of human civilization.

  How to treat and deal with differences? Chinese civilization emphasizes seeking common ground while reserving differences, and grasps the relationship between similarities and differences, me and him, and one and many. On the one hand, seeking common ground. He is good at seeking commonality and consistency in differences, finding the greatest common divisor and drawing the greatest concentric circle. Human civilizations are common in essential attributes. "Every civilization is the crystallization of beauty, and it shows the beauty of creation. All good things are connected. " In this sense, there is no conflict between civilizations.

  On the other hand, reserving differences. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Like-minded people are partners. Seeking common ground while reserving differences is also a partner. " While seeking agreement, we should acknowledge differences, fully respect diversity, fully realize the uniqueness of each country and nation’s civilization, rationally handle the differences of civilizations, and adhere to the attitude of tolerance while reserving differences.

  China’s traditional culture, such as "When in Rome, do as the Romans do", profoundly reflects Chinese’s character and wisdom of seeking common ground while reserving differences.

  Harmony and symbiosis. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Harmony and symbiosis are the historical genes of the Chinese nation and the essence of oriental civilization."

  Different civilizations exchange and learn from each other, persist in seeking common ground while reserving differences, learn from each other’s strengths, and ultimately achieve harmonious coexistence, harmony and symbiosis. The Book of Rites, The Doctrine of the Mean, puts forward that "all things coexist without harming each other, and the Tao is parallel without contradicting each other", which profoundly embodies the truth that Chinese civilization pursues harmony and symbiosis.

  The development history of human civilization shows that to promote the prosperity and progress of human civilization, different types of civilizations must live in harmony, complement each other and shine together, and jointly weave colorful pictures. To pursue harmony and symbiosis, we should establish the consciousness of "common destiny" and realize that human beings are a whole and the earth is a home. In the face of common challenges, no one, no country or any civilization can be immune. To form the concept of "one family under the world", every country and nation should uphold the concept of unity, cooperation and common development and take the road of joint construction, sharing and win-win; To carry forward the spirit of "self-interest", the leading countries should sincerely help other countries to develop, not only to make their own civilization full of vitality, but also to create conditions for the development of other countries’ civilizations.

  The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader proposed to build a community of human destiny and "three global initiatives", which showed a broad global vision and a strong mission, provided China’s plan to meet the common challenges faced by mankind, contributed China’s wisdom, and fully demonstrated the great pattern and wisdom of contemporary China in seeking harmony and symbiosis.

  Further stimulate the inclusive characteristics of Chinese civilization

  Bao and Rong are dialectical unity. Chinese civilization, with its profound connotation, both mind and wisdom, has achieved the unity of "package" and "capacity", showing its distinctive tolerance characteristics in the long-term historical accumulation. Inclusiveness has played a great role in the long-term survival, development and prosperity of the Chinese nation, and shaped the unique image and temperament of Chinese civilization standing in the forest of world civilization. To further stimulate the inclusive characteristics of Chinese civilization, we must persist in focusing on ourselves, connecting ancient and modern times, and integrating Chinese and foreign countries, and actively absorb and learn from all outstanding achievements of civilizations in ancient and modern times and at home and abroad, and constantly create new glories of Chinese culture and build a modern civilization of the Chinese nation.

  Give priority to me and stick to the position and self-confidence of Chinese civilization. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "Only a confident civilization can tolerate, learn from and absorb different civilizations while maintaining its own national characteristics."

  After thousands of years, Chinese civilization has been endless and enduring, which is a miracle of human civilization and our confidence. Independence is the soul of the Chinese nation’s spirit and provides a powerful force for the development and prosperity of Chinese civilization. To stimulate the inclusive characteristics of Chinese civilization, we must first be confident and self-reliant, adhere to the position of Chinese civilization, consolidate the subjectivity of Chinese civilization, and be independent in spirit and mentality. Insist on taking me as the main factor, firmly take root in our own soil, always look at, examine and tolerate all civilizations from the standpoint of Chinese civilization, and absorb and learn from the outstanding achievements that contribute to the development of Chinese civilization based on China’s own history, reality and needs.

  Through ancient and modern times, we will promote the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese excellent traditional culture. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "We should handle the relationship between inheritance and creative development, and focus on creative transformation and innovative development."

  Chinese excellent traditional culture is the crystallization and essence of Chinese civilization, the root and soul of the Chinese nation, and the foundation for us to gain a firm foothold in the agitation of world culture. To stimulate the inclusive characteristics of Chinese civilization, we must integrate ancient and modern times, fully explore the treasure house and rich mines of Chinese excellent traditional culture, and fully activate the vitality of Chinese excellent traditional culture. The key is to make the past serve the present and bring forth the new, so that the traditional culture can be integrated with the real culture and do a good job in creative transformation and innovative development.

  Creative transformation is to transform those connotations and old expressions that still have reference value, endow them with new connotations and modern expressions and activate their vitality according to the characteristics and requirements of the times. Innovative development is to supplement, expand and improve the connotation of Chinese excellent traditional culture and enhance its influence and appeal according to the progress of the times.

  Integrate China and foreign countries, and extensively absorb and learn from the achievements of outstanding civilizations in the world. All kinds of civilizations created by human beings are the crystallization of labor and wisdom, and each civilization has its unique charm, is the spiritual treasure of human beings, and has its merits.

  Chinese civilization is so splendid and profound that it benefits from continuous exchanges and integration with other civilizations and actively absorbs and integrates the achievements of other civilizations. To stimulate the inclusive characteristics of Chinese civilization, we must integrate Chinese and foreign countries, absorb the outstanding achievements of civilizations in the world more actively, draw nutrients from the "sum of human knowledge", and be eclectic and learn from others. It is necessary to strengthen dialogue, exchanges and cooperation with other civilizations, enrich the contents of exchanges, expand channels of cooperation, maintain an open and modest attitude, and learn from them extensively.

  At the same time, we should actively promote Chinese civilization to the world, not only to promote the localization of foreign cultures, but also to promote the internationalization of Chinese culture, so that Chinese civilization can continue to prosper and maintain its vitality in the process of deep interaction with the world and deep opening to the world.   (Wen Yi Xu Shuai Biao Author: the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Institute of Party History and Literature)

  (Outlook, No.12, 2024)

Chronic Diseases in Fast Pace —— An Underestimated Silent Killer

[Introduction]

Suffering from chronic diseases has become a daily routine in Chinese. According to the latest report of the World Health Organization, Chinese has17%Will die prematurely because of chronic illness, specifically, on average every10 secondsOne person suffers from cancer; Average per10 secondsOne person suffers from diabetes; Average per30 secondsAt least one person died of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Despite the continuous progress of medical technology, the situation of major chronic diseases is still not optimistic: the incidence of cancer ranks first in the world; The incidence of cardiovascular diseases continues to rise: the mortality rate of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease far exceeds the world level and the number of patients is close.100 million: the diabetic population has exceeded100 millionAnd keep growing.

Chronic diseases are the silent killers lurking around us.

 

Overdrawn life-the status quo of chronic diseases

Chronic disease, full name of chronic non-communicable disease.

Chronic diseases pose a serious threat to Chinese’s health. According to the World Health Organization’s 2020 global survey report on chronic diseases, the proportion of deaths due to chronic diseases in China has reached.89%The total death population is close to93 millionThe proportion of premature death due to chronic diseases has reached an alarming rate.17%. This means that about one in five people will end their original life course early because of chronic diseases.

 

Figure 1 Current situation of chronic diseases in China

 "Long course of disease and usually slow progress" is a major feature of chronic diseases. The World Health Organization defines chronic diseases as "health problems that need to be managed continuously for several years or decades". In 2020, the average life expectancy in China is 77.8 years, but the average life expectancy in health is about 69.2 years. In other words, residents have roughly8.6 yearsThe time to live with illness.

Hypertension and diabetes, which we are familiar with every day, are all covered by chronic diseases. Among all chronic diseases, cardiovascular diseases cause the largest number of deaths from non-communicable diseases, resulting in17.9 millionPeople died, followed by cancer (9 million), respiratory diseases (3.9 million) and diabetes (1.6 million). These four types of diseases account for all deaths from non-communicable diseases.80%.

Major chronic diseases

Cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes

In the summer of 2021, Zhou Ming, an employee of a big factory in a first-tier city and born in the 1980s, found himself suffering from liver cancer in his physical examination. After nearly a quarter of his liver was cut off by surgery, he chose to take only a few days off, dragging the unhealed incision and continuing to work without telling anyone in the company.

According to the latest statistics of the World Health Organization, there were 19.29 million new cancers in the world in 2020, including 4.57 million new cancers in China, accounting for 23.7% of the world, and the number of cancer deaths in China exceeded 3 million in 2020, all of which ranked first in the world.

 

Fig. 2 The prevalence rate increased in China from 1998 to 2007.

Middle-aged people like Zhou Ming are not alone. In the era of fast pace and high competition, high pressure and frequent staying up late seem to have become a tacit lifestyle popular among workers in the workplace and even academic dogs in colleges and universities.

In addition to the rising cancer incidence rate due to the aging society, the changes in living environment and lifestyle have also led to the signs of a younger cancer incidence rate in China, and the number of cancer patients aged 20-39 has increased significantly.Cancer is becoming a normal state of human life in the form of chronic diseases, but we don’t know how to deal with it.[3]

 

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases

 According to the data of National Cardiovascular Center, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in China is on the rise.

Calculate the number of patients with cardiovascular disease290 millionAmong them, there are 13 million stroke, 11 million coronary heart disease, 5 million pulmonary heart disease, 4.5 million heart failure, 2.5 million rheumatic heart disease, 2 million congenital heart disease and 270 million hypertension.

Since 2009, the mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases in rural areas has exceeded and continuously exceeded the urban level. In 2015, the mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases among rural residents was298.42/100,000Among them, the death rate of heart disease is 1.4479/100,000, the death rate of cerebrovascular disease is 1.5363/100,000; the death rate of cardiovascular disease of urban residents is 2.6484/100,000, of which the death rate of heart disease is 1.3661/100,000, and the death rate of cerebrovascular disease is 1.2823/100,000.

 

Figure 3 Estimated number of hypertensive adults in China

 

Figure 4 Crude death rate of heart disease in cities

Respiratory diseases

 COPD generally refers to chronic obstructive diseases. Although this term is unfamiliar to the public, COPD is the third leading cause of death in the world. In 2013, the number of deaths due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China was much higher than that due to lung cancer in China.

According to the survey data of China Adult Lung Health Research (CPHS) in 2018, the prevalence rate of COPD in adults aged 20 and over is 8.6%, and it is as high as 13.7% in adults aged 40 and over.For the first time, it is clear that the number of patients with COPD in China is nearly 100 million. COPD has become a chronic disease with hypertension and diabetes, which constitutes a major disease burden. The mortality rate of COPD in China is much higher than the world average.

In our country, every2.5 minutesOne person died of COPD, which has the characteristics of high prevalence rate, high incidence rate, high disability rate, high mortality rate, high economic burden rate and low awareness rate.

Fig. 5 Comparison of prevalence of COPD between urban and rural areas in China

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In recent years, the prevalence rate has increased, and the death toll has exceeded that of lung cancer.

According to the statistics of the top ten major causes of death in some cities and rural areas in China, respiratory diseases (including lung cancer) account for the fourth cause of death in cities and the third in rural areas. Due to air pollution, smoking, physical and chemical factors caused by industrial economic development, biological factors inhalation and population aging, the incidence of respiratory diseases such as lung cancer and bronchial asthma has increased significantly in recent years, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remains high.

 

Diabetes

Back in 1980s, the national epidemiological survey showed that the prevalence rate of diabetes in China was only 0.67%. According to the regional data of national disease surveillance in 2010, the prevalence rate of diabetes among residents over 18 years old in China is 9.7%. By 2013, when China scholars and the Journal of the American Medical Association published their research, the number of diabetic patients in China had jumped from about 92.5 million in 2007 to.100 millionThe prevalence of diabetes is approaching.12%.

From 2000 to 2016, the number of diabetic patients in China increased from 55,167,473 to 89,783,100, with a growth rate of 62.7%. By 2016, nearly 90 million people in Chinese had diabetes. In 2016, 140,000 people died of diabetes, of which 51% were men.The average annual increase is 2.16 million cases, with an increase of 6,000 cases per day, an increase of 247 cases per hour and an increase of 4 cases per minute.

 

Figure 6 Top Ten Countries in the Number of Diabetes Patients Aged 20 -79

Fig. 7 Changes of incidence of diabetes in China.

Urban-rural comparison

Focusing on the comparison between urban and rural areas, the prevalence of chronic diseases shows a trend related to the degree of urbanization.

According to the vertical comparison of urban scale, from four types of rural areas to big cities, the prevalence of chronic diseases is on the rise with the improvement of urban development. This means that,It is precisely where the economy is more developed and medical resources are more concentrated that people are more likely to suffer from chronic diseases.

 

Fig. 8 Comparative map of chronic diseases prevalence between urban and rural areas in China.

 

Figure 9 Changes of Chronic Disease Mortality in Urban and Rural Areas

Behind the wealth-the cause of chronic diseases

With the economic prosperity of China, millions of Chinese have successfully "lifted out of poverty", but it is accompanied by a "rapid change" in epidemiology.

The Lancet, the world’s top medical journal, systematically analyzed the disease burden of China in the past 30 years in a paper. The paper shows that the burden of diseases in China is changing, especially infectious diseases, and the maternal and child mortality rates have dropped significantly. However, the chronic diseases, mainly cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and cancer, have increased significantly, which has become the main cause of premature death in China.

There are also health risk factors that change with it. Hypertension, smoking, high-salt diet and outdoor air pollution are also the chief culprits of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and cancer. These bad habits are common and insignificant in life, but they unconsciously become a gray area, which spans the development process from "health" to "chronic disease".

 

:: dietary imbalance

Unreasonable dietary structure is an important factor to induce chronic diseases. According to the report of the World Health Organization, 4.1 million deaths can be attributed to excessive intake of salt/sodium every year, and 4.1 million lives are lost, which is equivalent to one fifth of the population of Beijing.

In the past 30 years, China has experienced a transition from the traditional dietary pattern to the western dietary pattern, with the consumption of grains and vegetables decreasing and the consumption of meat and packaged food increasing. With the continuous development and progress of the national economy, the sources of nutrients obtained by Chinese residents are more abundant, and the dietary quality has not been improved, but there is still a big gap between the overall dietary quality and the ideal dietary quality. This gap also leads to the huge challenge that people are still facing the rapid growth of chronic diseases such as obesity and hypertension while improving their living standards.

Zhang Bing, deputy director of the Institute of Nutrition and Health of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, pointed out that a reasonable diet is an effective means to prevent chronic diseases and promote health. Although in recent years, the state and relevant organizations have been vigorously promoting the implementation of the three reduction policies (reducing oil, salt and fat). However, in the latest "Report on Nutrition and Chronic Diseases of China Residents (2020)" press conference, Li Bin, deputy director of the National Health and Wellness Commission, emphasized that the unhealthy lifestyle of residents is still widespread-the dietary fat energy supply ratio continues to rise, and rural areas have exceeded the recommended upper limit of 30% for the first time. The daily cooking salt and oil consumption per family is still much higher than the recommended value. Chinese’s various dietary indicators still inevitably exceed the standard.

 

Fig. 10 Chart of Dietary Structure Series

 

Irregular work and rest

Sleeping late, staying up late, insomnia … Bad work and rest habits have also spread to counties and cities with the continuous advancement of urbanization. The average sleep time in Chinese has also shrunk from 8 hours a hundred years ago to today’s.6.8 hours. For every modern person, a healthy and adequate sleep time is increasingly becoming a luxury.

According to the data of China Sleep Research Association, bad work and rest habits will lead to an increase in the risk of some serious chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes and heart disease.

 

Fig. 11 Regional Distribution of Late Sleeping Party in China in 2018

Figure 12 Staying up late in different cities of China in 2021.

It can be found that the causes of staying up late in first-tier cities focus on work and refreshing; Second-tier cities have a strong tendency to work and rest irregularly, and the cause may be due to the complicated behavior, which is not specifically pointed out; The causes of the population’s late sleep in third-tier cities may point more to the urban sleeping environment. In the horizontal comparison of young people staying up late between cities, the rate of young people staying up late in new first-tier cities and first-tier cities is over 70%, while the data in second-tier cities, third-tier cities and below are lower than the first two, but the rate of young people staying up late here is also over 60%.

When irregular work and rest becomes a tendency of a group, it is hard for us not to think about whether this is the detailed embodiment of the negative impact of urbanization and globalization in the fast-paced era, and how we can resist the spread of bad sleep environment from the perspective of individuals, groups and even society, so that the whole of China can sleep peacefully at night.

 

Lack of exercise

 The World Health Organization points out that every year there are1.6 million casesDeath can be attributed to lack of exercise,

For Chinese, people are becoming more and more accustomed to sitting, instead of stretching their legs and moving around. With the advancement of urbanization, the degree of professional labor of people of all ages is generally reduced, and it is more and more convenient to travel. The popularity of electronic products has led to a general increase in residents’ static life time, a decrease in energy consumption, and an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, which directly leads to individual obesity and increases the risk of chronic diseases.

 

Figure 12 Leisure exercise of China residents.

 

Timely intervention-before suffering from chronic diseases

In fact,There is a "transition period" from a healthy state to a chronic disease.. It is also the state in this transitional period that determines whether an individual’s physical state returns to health or falls into the abyss of chronic diseases.

Taking the intervention of diabetes as an example, the pre-diabetic population is in a "transition period" from high-risk groups to diabetes. Pre-diabetes refers to people with impaired fasting blood glucose or abnormal glucose tolerance, but they do not meet the diagnostic criteria of diabetes. They have a high risk of illness, accounting for more than one-third of adults in China. If they are intervened through an appropriate lifestyle, they can be transferred to the normal glucose metabolism population; But if left unchecked, it will be followed by lifelong disease development.

Therefore, it is not only important but also necessary to intervene in time for people in transition. Grasping the transition period is to grasp the floodgate of the spread of chronic diseases.

 

Social forces-environmental improvement

 The control of diseases is not only the self-restraint of a certain group of people, but also the collective restraint of the whole society.

The World Health Organization has clearly pointed out that tobacco causes more than 7.2 million deaths every year (including deaths caused by exposure to second-hand smoke), and it is expected to increase significantly in the next few years. The personal behavior of tobacco use has also become an important issue in the field of public health because of its diffusion. With the arrival of Healthy 2030, the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the Tobacco Control Office jointly put forward the slogan "Healthy China must be a smoke-free China".

Thanks to the efforts of all parties in the tobacco control campaign, the adult smoking rate in China has also shown a good trend year by year.

 

Figure 13 National Adult Smoking Rate

Give priority to prevention and proceed from prevention.

The power of society is not only focused on tobacco control, but also committed to creating an all-round supporting environment. The National Health and Wellness Commission and relevant departments continue to take joint actions and promote in environmental governance, tobacco control, nutrition improvement, health education, physical fitness, medical care, etc., to build an all-round supporting environment and form a joint force for prevention and control.

 

Government power-macro planning

 We need to pay attention to the progress of chronic disease control and face up to the grim situation of chronic disease prevention and control. Fat group, second-hand smoke and unbalanced diet caused by less exercise … These seemingly very personal living habits have become a systematic project that needs public attention and government supervision when they are related to the health status of a huge population.

China Health Development Report 2030 attempts to outline a healthier and more comfortable blueprint for our future with indicators and plans covering from top to bottom. Now, with only nine years left before the goal, the development situation of chronic diseases is not optimistic-can we achieve this goal?

 

Figure 14

Whether it is social forces or government planning, the final specific behavior still has to be implemented by individuals.

In the Outline of Healthy China 2030 Plan, all indicators are also divided into advocacy indicators, anticipation indicators and binding indicators. Among them, only binding indicators are mandatory by the government. The big goals in the field of health are all non-binding indicators.

This means that everyone must take action on the way to Health 2030.

 

Authors: Li Xiaoxiao, Quan Yi, Ding Ruifan,

Instructor: Wu Xiaokun

School: South China University of Technology

Editor: Wang Jing

 

Data source:

[1] Li Chengfu; Liu Hongyan; Liang Ying; Henry Hui Wang; Li Qianhui, Study on International Comparison of Healthy Life Expectancy and Prediction of Healthy Life Expectancy in China [J], Journal of Demography, 2018,40(01)

[2] the harm of lack of sleep. China Sleep Research Association

http://www.zgsmyjh.org/ndjsp? id=156#_np=107_1187

[3] National Cancer Center: The latest cancer report of China in 2019.

http://www.360doc.com/content/19/0130/00/52645714_812065860.shtml

[4] The Lancet, Mortality, Incidence and Risk Factors in China and Its Provinces from 1990 to 2017: Systematic Analysis of Global Disease Burden in 2017.

https://new.qq.com/cmn/20210106/20210106A0BJSW00.html

[5] Information of the annual meeting of chronic diseases in China.

[6] China Center for Disease Control and Prevention Nutrition Statistics Yearbook, National Death Monitoring System.

one

  1-10In June, Shaanxi’s foreign trade import and export continued to grow steadily, and the decline in exports narrowed, and private enterprises still maintained a high import and export vitality; Countries along the "Belt and Road" for foreign investment have maintained growth; The actual use of foreign capital to achieve rapid growth; Inbound tourism in the tourism market has grown steadily.

 

  First, Shaanxi’s foreign trade import and export moved forward smoothly

 

  According to statistics of Xi ‘an Customs,1-10In June, the province’s total import and export volume was realized.2896.25100 million yuan, compared with the same period last year (the same below)0.9%. Among them, the realized export volume1571.46100 million yuan, down9.2%, the decline is relatively low.1-9Narrowing of month0.5Percentage points; Realized import amount1324.79Billion yuan, growth16.3%, more1-9Monthly growth rate drops0.6Percentage points; Achieve a trade surplus246.67100 million yuan.

 

 

  Main characteristics of foreign trade import and export:

 

  oneThe overall growth rate of general trade is faster than that of processing trade.

 

  1-10In October, the import and export volume of general trade was realized.718.93Billion yuan, growth12.5%, more1-9Monthly improvement0.1Percentage points, accounting for the total import and export volume.24.8%. Among them, the export volume410.51Billion yuan, growth11.7%; volume of import308.43Billion yuan, growth13.7%; General trade achieves a surplus.102.08100 million yuan, compared with1-9Expansion of monthly surplus8.27100 million yuan.

 

  Import and export volume of processing trade1740.20100 million yuan, down4.9%, the decline has expanded.2.1Percentage points, accounting for the total import and export volume60.1%. Among them, the growth rate of feed processing accelerated, and the decline rate of incoming processing expanded.1-10In September, the import and export of feed processing trade increased.10.0%, more1-9Monthly improvement2.3Percentage points; Import and export of processing and assembly trade decreased.8.8%The decline has further expanded.one point sixPercentage points. Processing trade achieves surplus.10.78100 million yuan, compared with1-9Expansion of monthly surplus5.19100 million yuan.

 

  The import and export speed, import speed and export speed of general trade are faster than processing trade, and the general trade surplus is greater than processing trade.

 

 

  2Private enterprises still maintain high foreign trade vitality.

 

  1-10In September, private enterprises in the province maintained rapid growth, achieving import and export volume.738.49Billion yuan, growth12.3%, accounting for the total import and export25.5%; State-owned enterprises realize import and export volume256.53100 million yuan, down0.4%, the decline is relatively low.1-9Narrowing of monthonePercentage points, accounting for the total import and export.8.9%; Foreign-funded enterprises realize import and export volume1899.96100 million yuan, down2.8%, the decline is relatively low.1-9Narrowing of month0.4Percentage points, accounting for the total import and export.65.6%.

 

  1-10In September, the growth rate of private enterprises was much higher than that of foreign-funded and state-owned enterprises, but the decline of state-owned enterprises has narrowed month by month this year. Foreign-funded enterprises, which account for a relatively large proportion, have accumulated negative growth for five consecutive months, and the cumulative decline this month has narrowed.

 

 

  Second, foreign investmentthe Belt and Road"Countries along the route are making good progress.

 

  oneForeign direct investment countries along the Belt and Road Initiative continued to grow.

 

  According to the statistics of the commerce department,1-10Month, the whole province39Domestic investors are right21Countries (regions)45Foreign enterprises have made non-financial direct investment, and the amount of investment3.72Billion dollars, down from the same period last year.41.2%, ranked first in the country23Number one, number one in the westfiveBit.

 

  Among them, along the Belt and RoadtwelveInvestment from countries (regions)1.58Billion US dollars, a year-on-year increase.49.1%, more1-9Month acceleration5.8Percentage points, accounting for the province’s non-financial foreign direct investment.42.5%. Mainly distributed in Kyrgyzstan and Malaysia. While the overseas investment in the province continues to decline, the investment in countries along the Belt and Road has maintained rapid growth. It can be seen that seizing the opportunity of the Belt and Road will bring more opportunities for the province’s foreign direct investment.

 

  2, the province’s contracted projects completed turnover decline narrowed.

 

  1-10In June, the turnover of foreign contracted projects in the province was completed.22.31Billion dollars, down from the same period last year.21.3%, more1-9Narrowing of monthninePercentage points; Newly signed contract amount13.60Billion US dollars, a year-on-year increase.7.7%, more1-9Monthly improvement2.3Percentage points.

 

  The province has completed its turnover in countries along the "Belt and Road"11.92Billion dollars, down40.1%, accounting for the province’s total53.4%, the decline is relatively low.1-9Narrowing of month7.7Percentage points; Newly signed contract amount9.06Billion dollars, accounting for the province’s total.66.7%, year-on-year growth2.2%, more-1-9Monthly improvement0.2Percentage points.

 

  threeForeign labor exchange is in good condition.

 

  1-10In September, the province sent all kinds of laborers for foreign labor cooperation.8599People, an increase over the same period last year.3006People, all kinds of laborers at the end of the period.15026People, an increase over the same period last year.3527People. Among them, it was dispatched under foreign contracted projects.7815People, at the end of the period.10809People; Dispatched under foreign labor service cooperation784People, at the end of the period.4217People.

 

  Third, the actual use of foreign capital has achieved substantial growth

 

  1-10In September, foreign-invested enterprises were newly established in the province.211Home, down year-on-year5.8%; contractual foreign investment27.11Billion dollars, down from the same period last year.59.2%, more1-9Monthly fall10.3Percentage points; foreign investment in actual use70.73Billion dollars, growth80.0%, more1-9Although the month has slowed down.13.4Percentage points, but still maintain a high level of operation.

 

  Fourth, the growth rate of the inbound tourism market is stable.

 

  The tourism market performed steadily,1-10In June, the province’s reception of inbound tourists and international tourism revenue continued to grow. The province receives inbound tourists.395.48Ten thousand person-times, an increase6.9%, the realization of international tourism income28.17Billion dollars, growth7.9%, respectively.1-9Monthly improvement0.5and0.4Percentage points.

Central enterprises talk about safety | China Construction Group: the work method of safety management of "conductor" in construction site!

China Construction Group has always firmly established the overall national security concept, put safety development through the whole process of production, operation and management, and constantly strengthened the bottom line thinking and red line consciousness; Implement the fifteen measures of safety production of the State Council Safety Committee, and make overall plans to promote the investigation and rectification of hidden dangers of major accidents.2023Action, etc., to build a solid foundation for safety management; Further promote the development of science and technology, tackle the safety research topics, independently develop and apply the "China Construction Smart Security Platform" to promote the reform of safety management; Continue to carry out special education activities such as "behavioral safety star" and "safety training camp", strive to create a good safety culture atmosphere of "I am safe, you are safe, and safety is under construction", and escort high-quality development with high-level safety.

 "Everyone talks about safety, and everyone will respond to emergencies". The leasing division of South China Company of China Construction Second Bureau promotes the transformation of public safety governance mode to pre-prevention, widely popularizes safety knowledge, solidly carries out safety training and emergency drills, vigorously cultivates safety culture, strictly implements various safety responsibility measures from reality to detail, and lays a solid foundation for the high-quality development of enterprises.

Liu Zhengnan, a safety supervisor in the production line, said,The building is a solidified note, and the tower crane is the conductor on the construction site. Watching the tower crane wave a long baton every day to coordinate and transport various materials and components, and ensure the normal construction work in an orderly manner, I am extremely proud as a tower crane safety management worker. Today, let Liu Zhengnan take us to see what the safety management of tower crane jacking operation has.

Tower crane, also called tower crane for short, is an important vertical transportation equipment for materials in the construction process of today’s construction projects, which has the characteristics of large volume, heavy weight, high height and dense working environment. The leasing division of South China Company of China Construction Second Bureau is mainly responsible for the leasing and dismantling of large-scale mechanical equipment, and is operating tower cranes.170The installation and disassembly work of the remaining units and tower cranes has reached the average monthly.15Number of times, the amount of lifting and node lowering operations reached the average monthly average.350Remaining sections. In order to ensure the safe and stable development of the enterprise and the safety of people’s lives and property, the Division has formulated a number of management systems around the key points and difficulties in the safety management of tower crane installation, jack-up, node reduction and demolition.

Lifting and jointing of tower crane is a dangerous operation. In order to let everyone know the safety control measures of tower crane lifting operation, Liu Zhengnan will lead everyone to use it."Mini Tower Crane" explains from the aspects of pre-operation preparation, pre-operation inspection, jack-up operation process and jack-up acceptance.

Preparation before operation


1.Pay attention to the weather and prevent the impact of bad weather;

2.Conduct safety technical disclosure and pre-shift meeting to confirm that the operation certificate is valid, the health status of personnel and the equipment are in good condition;

3.Set up a cordon and prohibit irrelevant personnel from entering.

Pre-operation inspection


1.Check the standard section for deformation and welding, and clean up the dirt;

2.Check whether the connection between the sleeve frame and the rotary lower support is firm;

3.Check whether the oil quantity of the hydraulic station is within the acceptable range;

4.Check whether the cable length meets the height requirements.

Jacking operation process


1.Rotate the lifting object to the jacking direction for balancing, and close the rotary brake;

2.Push the anti-out-of-stock, so that the jack-up beam is locked on the standard step;

3.Operate the hydraulic station for "cylinder test", and the pressure value of the oil pump should remain stable;


4.In the process of jack-up, turning, lifting and luffing are strictly prohibited;

5.Do a good job in wind speed monitoring and pay attention to weather warning in real time;

6.After the jack-up operation is finished, connect the pin shaft or bolt between the rotary lower support and the standard joint.

Jack-up acceptance


1.Measure the verticality of tower crane to ensure that it meets the specification requirements;

2.Check the safe distance of the tower group to ensure that it meets the specification requirements;

3.Complete self-inspection and joint acceptance, and use it only after it is qualified.

Roy fans visited the class and scared Wang Xiaoshuai in winter: "Forever" rushed 600 million.

1905 movie network news "Forever", which won the Best Actor and Actress at the Berlin International Film Festival in 2019, has finally been finalized! Today, director Wang Xiaoshuai, starring Wang Jingchun and Yongmei, made an appearance at the release conference, and officially announced that the film was scheduled for March 22nd. At the same time, the film released a preview of "three meals in four seasons".

 

At the press conference, Boss Yu Dong of Bona Film attended the event as one of the investors, and said, "I saw this film after rough cutting, and it was in Lacrimosa at that time. Just watching the picture on the big screen, I am very impressed that such a film stands out from the impetuous commercial film and can be presented to the audience. We should be in awe of Director Wang Xiaoshuai. " As a publisher, he even lamented that the number of China screens in China is increasing. "There are already 10,000 cinemas. Is it rare to accommodate Wang Xiaoshuai’s movies?" It is even more heroic. "The movie will hit 600 million and break the box office record of Nobody."

 

Yu Dong even defined the film Forever as an "emotional blockbuster". "This is a completely original script, and the director touched the audience’s emotions in three hours."

 

Director Wang Xiaoshuai said, "This is a’ 3D movie’." In his view, the audience can immerse themselves in the movie, feel the kind of emotion that comes to their faces, and drive their emotions with their emotions.

 

Of course, in addition to a good script, a movie has a cast of brilliant actors. Starring Wang Jingchun and Yongmei also won the Best Actor and Best Actress at the 69th Berlin International Film Festival.

 

Yongmei said that he had never seen Wang Jingchun’s works before acting, and then he matched him with the role. The director said that when they arrived at the theater, they were very "close". There was a scene in old age when Wang Jingchun suddenly couldn’t zip up. At that time, the director was particularly anxious, thinking, "It’s too late, this scene is ruined.". Unexpectedly, Yongmei turned around and naturally went to pull him up. It was really perfect, so I didn’t want to come to the second one at that time.

 

When talking about the fun on the set, Wang Xiaoshuai admitted that he actually "didn’t understand the traffic", but it was amazing to see that Roy fans came to visit the class by flying. The choice of Roy does not value the flow, but only regards him as a blank that may become a good actor. When it comes to Roy’s performance in the film, director Wang Xiaoshuai, Yongmei, who plays Roy’s mother in the film, and producer Liu Xuan all praised him for his dedication and talent for acting, and volunteered to go to the crew in advance to learn from his predecessors such as Wang Jingchun and Yongmei, and finally finished quite well.

 

It is reported that the film "Forever" will be released nationwide on March 22, and will be screened nationwide on March 15, 16 and 17.


Historical Roots and Times Value of the Forbidden City Culture

  Wang Xudong, Dean of the Palace Museum. He used to be the president and party secretary of Dunhuang Research Institute, mainly engaged in the protection of grottoes, ancient murals and earthen sites, as well as the monitoring, early warning and preventive protection of cultural heritage. Since he was engaged in the protection of cultural relics in 1991, he has presided over the completion of more than 60 national key cultural relics protection and maintenance projects, undertaken nearly 20 national and provincial-level projects, published 6 monographs such as Research on Key Technologies for the Protection of Earth Sites and Research on Ancient Murals, won more than 10 national, provincial-level scientific and technological awards, and was awarded many honorary titles such as "National Excellent Scientific and Technological Workers" and "Top-notch Innovative Talents in Propaganda and Cultural System", and was selected as one of the national 10 million talents projects.

  Forbidden city architecture. Photo courtesy of the Palace Museum

  Digital duobaoge Photo courtesy of the Palace Museum

  editorial comment/note

  In order to thoroughly study and implement the cultural thoughts of the Supreme Leader, conscientiously implement the spirit of the national conference on propaganda and ideological and cultural work, and implement the spirit of the important speech delivered by the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader at the forum on cultural inheritance and development, the "Hundred Forums on Core Values" co-sponsored by Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Education Bureau and Guangming Daily planned a series of lectures around the theme of cultural inheritance and development. This forum came to the Palace Museum to deeply explore the value of the world cultural heritage of the Palace Museum and systematically explain the new meaning of Chinese culture. This lecture is the final work of this series.

  At the symposium on cultural inheritance and development, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that it is our new cultural mission in the new era to continue to promote cultural prosperity, build a cultural power and build a modern civilization of the Chinese nation at a new starting point. We should strengthen our cultural self-confidence, take on the mission, work hard, make joint efforts to create a new culture belonging to our time and build a modern civilization of the Chinese nation.

  As a world cultural heritage, the Forbidden City is the carrier of Chinese civilization for more than 5,000 years, the gathering place of Chinese excellent traditional culture and the witness of multicultural exchange and integration. Its unique material and cultural heritage fully demonstrates the outstanding continuity, innovation, unity, inclusiveness and peace of Chinese civilization.

  More than 600 years of palaces and more than 5,000 years of Chinese civilization.

  The Forbidden City, once the "Forbidden City", was a royal palace building in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The Forbidden City was built in 1420, with a history of more than 600 years. It is the epitome of ancient palace architecture in China and the intellectual creation of ancient working people in China. This palace not only embodies our cultural tradition, but also embodies the wisdom accumulated by Chinese in the process of its own development and dealing with the relationship between man and nature and between man and society.

  The Forbidden City, with a history of more than 600 years, needs to be understood in the process of the emergence and development of civilization. The planning for the construction of the Forbidden City is deeply influenced by Zhou Li Kao Gong Ji, which shows the principles of capital construction that have been followed since ancient times. Kao Gong Ji was written in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and Zhou Li was added in the Western Han Dynasty, which became one of the Confucian classics. Its construction order and planning ideas such as "choosing neutral palace" and "ritual system" reflected the value orientation of China traditional culture for more than 5,000 years. In the planning structure stipulated in Kao Gong Ji, the core point is that the palace is the center of the city, so the planning of Beijing city is centered around the palace, that is, the Forbidden City. After the construction of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Beijing is centered on the Forbidden City, and the walls of Miyagi, Inner City and Outer City are interlocking and square, and the Forbidden City shows the grand momentum of "within the country" under the contrast of the walls. The Forbidden City not only inherited the traditional triple city system, but also attached the ancient layout such as "Zuo Zu You She", "Front and Back Bedding" and "Five Doors and Three Dynasties", which reflected the ideal pursuit of Confucianism and became the highest existing model in the development history of ancient Miyagi in China.

  The design concept of the Forbidden City reflects the idea of "neutralization" pursued by the ancients in China. There is a saying in the Book of Rites, The Doctrine of the Mean: "Those who are moderate are also the foundation of the world; He who is in harmony will achieve the Tao in the world. To be neutral, the status of heaven is awkward, and everything is nurtured. " General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that Chinese culture advocates harmony, and China’s "harmony" culture has a long history, which contains the cosmology of harmony between man and nature, the international view of harmony among all nations, the social view of harmony but difference, and the moral view of kindness among people. After thousands of years of development and accumulation, "neutralization" has gradually sublimated into philosophy, aesthetics and even ethics, and has increasingly become the core category and leading spirit of Chinese traditional culture, and this ideal pursuit of the Chinese nation is concentrated in the Forbidden City. The buildings in the Forbidden City are straight from north to south and symmetrical from left to right. The straight central axis runs through the meridian, and the first three halls and the last three palaces are evenly arranged on the central axis. The first three halls are the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Zhonghe and the Hall of Baohe, all of which have the word "harmony" in their names, which embodies the connotation of Chinese traditional culture as harmony between man and nature, social harmony and physical and mental harmony. Whether it is the first three halls of the outer court with the theme of "protecting harmony and harmony" and "seeking harmony",It is also the imperial palace and the third palace, which advocates the cooperation between Gankun and Thailand and the coexistence of all things. The way of neutralization of "keeping harmony in China" is the highest pursuit contained in it. In addition, the Forbidden City carries and carries forward the idea of neutralization, which was formed as early as the pre-Qin period and passed down in later generations, in a unique way and in a special language of the Chinese nation, from the plaque of "Allow to be in a trance" to the Zhonghe Shao music played at important ceremonies.

  There are more than 1.86 million pieces of cultural relics in the Forbidden City, which span different historical periods from the Neolithic Age to the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties to modern times. They also bear the Chinese civilization, embody the spiritual core of Chinese excellent traditional culture, and also reflect the intellectual creation of working people. The source of these cultural relics, on the one hand, depends on the royal collection from generation to generation, and collects the cultural relics of the previous dynasty through the national power of the feudal dynasty; On the one hand, it is to collect from all aspects of society, gather the culture carried by cultural relics into the palace, and then transform the value carried by cultural relics into a culture that combines with the times. There is also one of the biggest sources of cultural relics, which is palace production. In order to meet the needs of their material life and spiritual life, emperors and dignitaries recruited craftsmen from all over the country to make a large number of articles with superb craftsmanship, which gave us a chance to see these exquisite productions today, and at the same time, through these cultural relics, we could understand the spiritual world, life pursuit and cultural interests of the ancients. Another source is the large-scale cultural projects and archives compiled in Ming and Qing Dynasties. For example, Yongle Dadian, Sikuquanshu, etc., have collected vast classical documents in history.

  The Forbidden City is a place where multi-cultures merge. There are more than a dozen religious buildings and sites in the Forbidden City that embody Taoism, Buddhism and Shamanism, such as Qin ‘an Hall, Xianruo Hall, Yuhua Pavilion and Kunning Palace. The national language of the rulers of the Qing dynasty is Manchu; Before and after the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, the tradition of alliance and marriage with Mongolian tribes was maintained. After the Qing Dynasty entered the Central Plains, the main ethnic group in China was the Han nationality. Therefore, on the plaque hanging in the Forbidden City, you can see Manchu, Mongolian and Chinese. The court dress in Qing Dynasty is also the product of the long-term collision and blending of Manchu culture and Han culture.

  In the Forbidden City, no matter from its ancient buildings or cultural relics, we can see that in the long history, different ethnic groups have merged and condensed together through culture, forming a big family of the Chinese nation that helps each other and forming a sense of community of the Chinese nation. At the same time, it is also in this process that Chinese culture can innovate and develop. When we come from history, we must look back and remember it, so that we can look at reality and face the future.

  The cultural symbol of the Chinese nation and the physical witness of mutual learning of civilizations.

  The Forbidden City is an important symbol of Chinese traditional culture and one of the most iconic symbols of China on the world stage. In the 600-year history of the Forbidden City, its connection with the world has never been interrupted. It can be seen from the collection of cultural relics in the Palace Museum that there are a large number of foreign cultural relics among more than 1.86 million cultural relics. In the long history, the Forbidden City can be said to be a witness to the integration of the world and mutual learning of civilizations.

  Internationally, the national museum of Britain, the Metropolitan Museum of America, the Louvre Museum in France and other world-famous museums have a wide geographical distribution, and they collect a large number of cultural relics and treasures from all over the world. Different from them, the foreign cultural relics in the Forbidden City have a clear source and a clear vein. None of them are looted treasures, and most of them have entered the collection system of the Ming and Qing palaces as witnesses of peaceful and friendly exchanges between countries.

  The Palace Museum has a collection of more than 1,500 Chinese and foreign clocks and watches, and their production dates range from the 18th century to the early 20th century. Among them, there are famous works from Britain, France, Switzerland and other countries, as well as fine works from the clock-making office in the Qing Dynasty and Guangzhou, and some products combining Chinese and western styles. Why are there so many "imported" clocks and watches in China court? At first, many of them were gifts brought by foreign missions or organizations. Later, a considerable number of them were "imperial clocks" independently manufactured by the Qing Palace Construction Office. In the 29th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1601), Italian missionary Matteo Ricci presented clocks and watches as gifts for the first time to Emperor Wanli, and since then, a large number of exquisite clocks and watches have continuously entered the courts of Ming and Qing Dynasties. Yongzheng emperor in Qing Dynasty was not satisfied with simply using western timekeeping methods, but asked craftsmen to make "watches" that could tell the time during the day and play at night. With the help of westerners, craftsmen in the manufacturing office added devices such as setting and adjusting clocks to create clocks unique to China, so that they can adjust and determine the start, end and interval of each watch according to the length of the night of the 24 solar terms in a year, which perfectly combines the western mechanical device technology with the traditional way of telling time in China.

  China porcelain is famous far and wide, and it was exported overseas in large quantities at the latest in the Tang Dynasty. However, many people may not know that the blue-and-white porcelain produced in the Yuan Dynasty to the early Ming Dynasty used an imported dye called "Su Ma Li Qing", the main component of which was cobalt oxide, which originated in Persia and was introduced to China in the Yuan Dynasty and began to be used for firing blue-and-white porcelain. In the Ming Dynasty, after Zheng He’s voyage to the West, he brought back a large amount of Su Ma Li Qing minerals to China, so Su Ma Li Qing was widely used for firing blue and white official kiln porcelain in Yongle and Xuande Dynasties. Later, domestic blue-and-white pigments gradually replaced Su Ma Li Qing, forming a new style different from imported materials.

  In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, more and more western envoys and missionaries came to the Forbidden City. After entering China, these foreigners did as the Romans do, and actively adapted to and integrated into the social life at that time in all aspects such as food, clothing, housing and transportation. From Matteo Ricci, an Italian, to Beijing in 1601, for 237 consecutive years, westerners with professional skills served the Forbidden City. They were engaged in painting, clocks, medicine and other professional work in the palace. Many of the paintings in the Qing Dynasty were painted by western court painters. In the process of communication between Chinese and Western painters, European perspective painting and China’s pen and ink style are integrated, forming a new painting style combining Chinese and Western painting. Different from China’s ink freehand brushwork, the figures, flowers, birds, horses and elephants drawn by western painters such as Lang Shining, He Qingtai, Joseph Panzi and Wang Zhicheng are realistic and lifelike. Such as "Shaolu Tu", "Ben Lu Tu Zhou" and "Gong Xiang Ma Tu Juan" are all excellent works of this kind.

  What the Forbidden City witnessed is not the narcissism of a single cultural form, but the exchange and integration of cultures from all over the world. The culture of the Forbidden City is not only China’s, but also the world’s. The cultures of various countries exchange, communicate and blend here, and the Chinese civilization exchanges and learns from each other with other civilizations in the world. This eclectic and open-minded attitude towards world civilization fully embodies the inclusiveness and peace of Chinese civilization, and highlights the spirit of Chinese civilization, which never forgets the original, absorbs foreign countries and faces the future.

  The crystallization of civilization: from royal palace to "people’s museum"

  The Palace Museum was established in 1925, based on the imperial palaces and their collections in Ming and Qing Dynasties. At the same time, it has the characteristics of architecture museum, art museum and history museum, which conforms to the internationally recognized basic principles of "original site protection" and "original display" and is a profound historical and cultural treasure house. With the Revolution of 1911, the abdication of the Qing Emperor Puyi in 1912, the establishment of the Antiquities Exhibition Center in 1914 and the establishment of the Palace Museum on October 10, 1925, the Forbidden City gradually changed from an old royal palace to a "people’s museum" open to the public.

  The early development of the Palace Museum was very difficult. On October 8, 1928, the Council of the Palace Museum was established, which put the Palace Museum on the right track. The 27-member Council of the Palace Museum has gathered people from all walks of life. Since then, the Palace Museum has taken on the mission of researching, protecting and inheriting Chinese excellent traditional culture.

  In 1987, the Forbidden City became the first batch of world cultural heritage in China, and the protection and research of the Forbidden City entered the fast lane, among which the most important project was to build a cultural relic warehouse. In the past, cultural relics were preserved in buildings on the ground, so it was difficult to control the temperature and humidity in an ideal state, and it was impossible to completely resist air pollution and dust. It was urgent to find a safe home for cultural relics. At the end of 1980s, the construction of the first and second phase of the cultural relics warehouse was started, and it was built in succession in 1990s. Most precious cultural relics moved to the underground cultural relics warehouse, and now the third phase of the cultural relics warehouse is under construction, and the conditions of the ground warehouse are gradually improved. In the new century, the centennial overhaul of the Forbidden City has been put on the agenda, and it is the central government’s decision-making that has enabled us to see such a magnificent Forbidden City today. In the 1990s, many buildings in the Palace Museum were dilapidated and the environment was poor. After a hundred years of overhaul, together with the cultural relics inventory that lasted for seven years and the Ping ‘an Palace Museum project started in 2013, most of the ancient buildings in the Palace Museum were properly protected, and most of the cultural relics in the collection had a relatively stable preservation environment.

  Inheritance and Development: The Times Value and Mission of the Forbidden City

  The important speech delivered by the Supreme Leader General Secretary at the forum on cultural inheritance and development made a comprehensive, systematic and in-depth exposition on a series of major theoretical and practical issues concerning the inheritance and development of Chinese culture. He emphasized that China has a long history and Chinese civilization is profound. Only through a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the history of Chinese civilization can we more effectively promote the creative transformation and innovative development of Chinese excellent traditional culture, more effectively promote the cultural construction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and build the modern civilization of the Chinese nation.

  The people of the Forbidden City in the new era have taken over the baton of their predecessors and moved on, and gradually formed the guiding ideology of running the hospital in the new era: guided by the supreme leader Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, they adhere to the cultural relics work policy of "protection first, strengthening management, excavating value, making effective use of cultural relics" and truly and completely protect and carry forward the excellent Chinese traditional culture carried by the Forbidden City responsibly. Supported by the construction of "Safe Palace Museum, Academic Palace Museum, Digital Palace Museum and Vitality Palace Museum", the Palace Museum will be built into a world-class museum, a model of world cultural heritage protection, a leader in the integration of culture and tourism, and a Chinese cultural reception room for civilized exchanges and mutual learning.

  This guiding ideology defines the mission of the Palace Museum, as well as the path and measures to fulfill the mission. We must promote the high-quality development of the protection of the world cultural heritage in the Forbidden City through all advanced scientific and technological means and the construction of "Safe Forbidden City, Academic Forbidden City, Digital Forbidden City and Vitality Forbidden City" to realize the permanent preservation and sustainable inheritance of the heritage.

  "Safe Forbidden City" is the most basic and primary task. Through the construction of "Safe Forbidden City", we can better implement the idea of "protection first", make full use of science and technology and management means, and truly and completely protect the Forbidden City, a cultural heritage shared by mankind. The "Safe Palace" project was started in 2013 and lasted for 8 years. On the basis of the successful practice of the "Overall Renovation and Protection Project of the Forbidden City", the "Safe Forbidden City" project is a more macroscopic protection engineering system, which aims to further solve the major security problems existing in the Forbidden City, such as fire hazards, theft hazards, earthquake hazards, natural damage of collections, cultural relics warehouses, infrastructure hazards, and audience safety hazards. At the same time, the construction of the North Campus, the basement renovation project, the infrastructure renovation project, the world cultural heritage monitoring project, the Forbidden City, etc. are defined. Since the implementation of the "Safe Forbidden City" project, it has made outstanding achievements, made positive contributions to the construction and development of the Palace Museum, and also marked that the concept of the protection of the Forbidden City from the perspective of "complete Forbidden City" has entered a mature stage.

  The "Academic Forbidden City" is the core. From its establishment to today, the Palace Museum has always been academic. With an open and inclusive attitude, we have promoted in-depth research in many fields such as the ancient architecture of the Forbidden City, cultural relics collection, archives of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, court history and culture, and cultural heritage protection, and a large number of academic achievements have been published. We will build a platform for academic exchange, academic publication and personnel training, so that more outstanding talents can gather in the Palace Museum, a big family of academic research. Solidly promote the academic investigation and exchange projects such as the "Talents Program", "The Forbidden City and the Ancient Palace Studies" and "The Forbidden City Scholars Talk about the Forbidden City", and hold the "Workshop for Ancient Palace Studies University Teachers" to attract teachers from universities and research institutions at home and abroad to participate in the study of the ancient palace studies, so that the outstanding value of the world cultural heritage of the Forbidden City can be more completely explained and more "flowing water from the source" can be injected into the construction of the modern civilization of the Chinese nation. We also launched an "open project" to invite scholars and professionals from all over the society to study the architecture and cultural relics of the Forbidden City. There were 40 projects in the first phase and 30 projects in this year, which greatly expanded the academic team and academic vision of the Forbidden City research. A stable and energetic academic team that conducts multidisciplinary research around the excellent Chinese traditional culture carried by the Forbidden City, and a number of open and inclusive academic exchange platforms.A series of high-quality academic achievements will promote the academic research of the Palace Museum in the direction of integrity, systematism and openness.

  The "Digital Forbidden City" is the support. Now is the era of informationization, digitalization and even artificial intelligence, and the Forbidden City has firmly grasped the pulse of this era. The construction of "Digital Forbidden City" can be traced back to more than 20 years ago, starting from the earliest website and database construction. Today, it has formed a huge digital forbidden city system from the basic layer, resource layer to application layer. In this process, we continue to cooperate with enterprises, universities and international institutions to ensure that the Digital Palace Museum will bring forth new ideas in digital collection of cultural relics, database construction and data management. The Palace Museum digitizes its collection of cultural relics at the rate of 70,000 to 80,000 pieces per year. Up to now, it has completed the basic image shooting of more than 900,000 pieces of cultural relics. At present, the digital cultural relics library has published more than 100,000 high-definition images of cultural relics. We offer online digital thematic exhibitions, including "Famous Paintings of the Forbidden City", "Panoramic Forbidden City" and "Digital Treasure Pavilion". This year, we also launched the multilingual website of the Palace Museum, which covers the languages of the five permanent members of the United Nations and will be gradually expanded in the future. You can also enter the world of the digital Forbidden City through the Forbidden City applet, enjoy the beautiful pictures of the Forbidden City, and see the architecture and related explanations of the Forbidden City. At the same time, almost every exhibition in the Forbidden City has a supporting online exhibition, and the audience can use the Forbidden City exhibition App.Enjoy the fun of immersive viewing in the cloud. We have also launched new media products such as "Forbidden City 365", "Playing around the Forbidden City", "Famous Paintings of the Forbidden City" and "Daily Forbidden City", and the digital exhibition and research venue of cultural relics in full digital form "The Digital Hall of the Great Hall of the Forbidden City" will soon be opened to the public. Keeping pace with the development of the times, it is one of our efforts to creatively transform the achievements of academic research into products that people like and can have an impact, so as to better spread them out.

  "Vitality Palace" is the purpose. Let cultural relics live, that is, let the value contained in cultural relics live, and let the culture carried by cultural relics combine with this era to form the culture of the times. The first way to live is to be open, so that people can walk into the Forbidden City, a world cultural heritage museum, and experience the vastness, continuity and tolerance of Chinese civilization on the spot. According to statistics, from 1949 to — In 2022, the Forbidden City received 468 million visitors, including 2012 — In 2022, the audience was 142 million in this decade. We should not only protect cultural relics, but also let the audience have a good tour experience. We can only limit the carrying capacity of tourists. In order to let more people visit the Forbidden City, we let people see it in the cloud through various online exhibitions and digital communication. Digital theme exhibitions such as "The Riverside Scene on the Qingming Festival 3.0", "Strings for the Road" and "Discovery of hall of mental cultivation" have enabled the multiculturalism carried by the cultural relics of the Forbidden City to take the wings of digital technology and enter thousands of households. We also create dance dramas, musicals, TV feature films, etc. by means of modern art to fully present the colorful culture of the Forbidden City. The Forbidden City, in conjunction with relevant institutions, launched a stage play "Only Green", a children’s musical "You Duan", a TV special program "On the New Forbidden City", "Poetry and Painting China" and "The Forbidden City, Polite", which endowed Chinese excellent traditional culture with new forms of expression and connotation of the times.The Forbidden City also launched high-quality popular science books for young people, such as I’m going to the Forbidden City, the 24 solar terms of the Forbidden City, and The Great Baby of the Forbidden City, telling the stories in the Forbidden City with pictures and pictures, and conveying the socialist core values and growth wisdom by displaying the excellent Chinese traditional culture.

  Telling the story of China to the international community is a very important mission of the Palace Museum. In the past ten years, the Forbidden City has exhibited 52 cultural relics abroad, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and participated in 21 cultural relics exhibitions organized by overseas cooperative institutions and China Cultural Relics Exchange Center, involving 32 countries and regions (including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan). At the same time, the Forbidden City actively participated in the "One Belt, One Road" national archaeological project, and cooperated with world-renowned archaeological research institutions such as Kenya National Museum, Kenya Kishi University, and the Archaeological Department of Durham University in the United Kingdom to carry out archaeological investigations and field excavations, so as to inherit the spirit of Silk Road in archaeological cooperation and promote the exchange of civilizations and mutual learning. We have also held international academic forums such as the "Taihe Forum", implemented the "Taihe Scholar Plan" to promote equal dialogue, exchange and mutual learning between Chinese and foreign scholars, built an international joint laboratory and training center, and passed on the development achievements of Chinese culture and contemporary China to the world through personnel exchanges and media publicity brought by cultural "please come in", so that the world can see the three-dimensional China.

  The Forbidden City culture contributes cultural nutrients to Chinese modernization, which endows it with modern strength. In the new stage of development, the Palace Museum will adhere to the guidance of the supreme leader’s cultural thought and take a more open and inclusive attitude to protect and inherit the cultural heritage shared by mankind. At the same time, we should earnestly shoulder the new cultural mission, promote the implementation of global civilization initiatives with the cultural charm of the Forbidden City on the world stage, and contribute China wisdom and Chinese strength to building a community of human destiny.

  (Guangming. com reporter Zhang Lijun finishing)

Hug Wuhan The movie channel 7.30 premiered "Hug You Through the Winter"


Special feature of 1905 film network The 36th Hundred Flowers Award opened in Wuhan a few days ago. The movie channel will broadcast the red carpet ceremony and award ceremony of Hundred Flowers Award live in prime time on the evening of July 30th.


At 12:50 noon on July 30th, the movie channel will also broadcast the movie for the first time, which will take us into the most difficult winter in Wuhan from the perspective of the most ordinary people.



Let’s relive the original Wuhan story under the epidemic situation that year.Parrot Island Bridge is empty, ambulances whizzed by, panic purchasing, lonely shadows between buildings, fully armed epidemic prevention personnel and overcrowded hospitals, and disinfection personnel with neat formation and full body protection are working in the empty streets with alcohol spray guns.



These are all collective memories engraved in the hearts of Chinese people. Tomorrow at 12:50, the movie "Hug You Through the Winter" will take us back to Wuhan in January 2020.


The film takes love as the line, covering four stories of all ages, focusing on the sincere and touching warmth of ordinary citizens at this special moment.


Hug You Through the Winter is a story of ordinary people.Although they have different occupations, identities and ages, they all made a common choice in the cold winter of 2020 — — Stand up and confront COVID-19 head-on.



There are no heroes who fall from the sky, only mortals who stand up. From youth, middle age to old age, every age group has their stories.Brother Yong (decorated), a chivalrous courier, did not hesitate to join the first batch of volunteers when the epidemic struck.



Wu Ge (ornaments), who was inspired by him to fight in the war, met Ye Ziyang (ornaments), an elegant piano teacher, unexpectedly, and the chemical reaction was full.



As a Wuhan man, Zhu Yilong’s affectionate interpretation in the play is moving.Ye Ziyang, a piano teacher played by Zhu Yilong, wrote the music of life with his own specialty. As a teacher, he influenced and educated students to face the reality bravely and optimistically, and even more, he used his dying life to help others by donating organs.



Liu Yalan (act the role of) and Li Hongyu (act the role of) are a couple of businessmen who suffered from economic crisis during the epidemic. After sharing hardships, they became more appreciative of each other and reconsidered the meaning of life.



The sweetest thing in the film is a "yellow love affair" that helps each other.Xie Yongqin, a retired doctor played by Yanshu Wu, puts on his shirt again, and asks to fight against the epidemic. Pei Ye, the restaurant owner played by Xu Shaoxiong, contracts meals for medical staff and silently guards them in the rear.



As a female director, she has a different kind of delicacy and warmth when creating this film:


"I hope this story shows the most ordinary citizens in Wuhan and shows the unusual love of these ordinary people under the epidemic. Their emotions, even their families and lives, have changed differently because of the epidemic. Therefore, we conceive the characters and their relationships from several dimensions such as age, economic class, occupation distribution, knowledge level, including love status, and try to make the characters in these stories have the greatest universality and typicality. "



What they represent is the most authentic human beings under the epidemic situation, which is true, warm, powerful and unforgettable.Scene after scene in the movie sometimes makes us laugh, but sometimes it makes us cry.The directors and actors used warm, healing and poetic and romantic deductive pictures to remind us of this original heavy story.



The film did not exaggerate the casualties in that "cruel war", nor did it deliberately show off grief. Instead, it portrayed the common anti-epidemic history of a city through the gains and losses of several ordinary people during that time.


A short story and a small move again and again make up a touching film that is not sensational but makes people cry.


Director Xue Xiaolu said: "When I went to Wuhan to meet the volunteers who took the lead during the epidemic, the moment when they stepped forward was really touching. When the epidemic passed, they silently returned to their ordinary lives, as if the heroic actions at that time had never happened. The power of this ordinary person is very touching, and we can see the light of human nature from it. "



They use their actions and influence to summon everyone who is willing to warm the world with love. They used smiles to dissolve the tears, wrapped the sadness with tenderness, warmed the winter with love, and finally resisted all hardships and witnessed the miracle.


"There is only one true heroism in the world, and that is to love life after seeing the truth clearly."Although the epidemic has not completely passed yet, under the epidemic, love has given us the courage and strength to stand up.You are not alone, we are all together. Hug Wuhan, hug you!



At 12:50 on July 30th, the movie channel will premiere "Hug You Through the Winter", which will take us into the extraordinary winter in Wuhan once again.


At the same time, during the prime time on the evening of the broadcast, the movie channel will broadcast live the red carpet ceremony and award ceremony of Hundred Flowers Award held in Wuhan, so stay tuned!


Cheating in exams is ganged up! Ordinary things like rubber scarves can be cheaters.

  Cctv newsFor six defendants, including Zhang Wuya and Lu Shilong, who organized cheating in the 2017 MBA postgraduate examination, the court has sentenced them to fixed-term imprisonment ranging from 4 years to 1 year and 8 months respectively, and imposed fines. Then what are the electronic devices they used to cheat in the examination? What kind of "black industrial chain" is hidden behind it?

Cheating tool

Cheating tool

  This khaki square looks like an eraser at first glance, but when the reporter turns it around, he will find that it is a display with an LCD screen. Such a lady scarf, if not deliberately displayed by the reporter, you would never have found that it had an LCD embedded in it, and these are the answer receivers used by criminal gangs such as Zhang Wuyou and Lv Shilong to organize candidates to cheat.

  In the court, the reporter also saw the earphone used by Zhang Wuya and other defendants to organize candidates to cheat. It was about the same size as soy beans. After trying to put it in the ear, the reporter found that even if there was no hair cover, it was difficult for outsiders to detect it.

  Judge Cao Xiaoying, who is in charge of hearing the case, told the reporter that the contact earphone and the display disguised as rubber and scarf are a complete set of cheating equipment. The earphone can listen to the answers, and if the cheating candidates don’t hear clearly, the display can also be viewed.

  Cheating in exams is organized into groups to form interest chains.

  In interviews with many cheating cases in organizational examinations, the reporter found that at present, cheating in examinations has shown a trend of gangs and specialization. The division of labor among members of criminal gangs is clear, and the illegal income of crimes is also divided according to prior agreement and proportion.

  According to the judge, at present, organizing cheating in exams has shown a trend of gangs and specialization. They generally rely on education and training institutions, and some are full-time responsible for purchasing cheating equipment and organizing cheating in exams; Some are full-time responsible for online recruitment of cheating candidates and offline training; Some are responsible for stealing test questions and recruiting gunmen to provide answers. For example, in this postgraduate exam cheating case tried by Haidian Court, the defendant Zhang Wuya, as the principal offender, is the organizer of the whole exam cheating case, and he is responsible for purchasing cheating equipment; Defendants Zhang Zongqun and Zhang Xiayang are his direct downline, and Lv Shilong is Zhang Xiayang’s downline. The three of them are responsible for recruiting cheating candidates, distributing cheating devices purchased by Zhang Wuyou to students, and organizing training for students to use.

  While the gang committed crimes and the division of labor was clear, the interests were also divided at different levels. Zhang Wuyou charged Zhang Zongqun and Zhang Xiayang 20,000 yuan for each candidate, 10,000 yuan in advance and 10,000 yuan after passing. The fees charged by Zhang Zongqun and Lu Shilong to cheating students range from 30,000 yuan to 45,000 yuan.

  At the beginning of this year, in the case of cheating in the qualification examination for primary and secondary school teachers tried by Fangshan court in Beijing, the criminal chain was more clear. Three defendants were specifically responsible for stealing test questions from the examination room, two of whom pretended to sign up for the examination, one sneaked the test papers from the examination room, and one hid in the toilet to meet them. The cost was 7,000 yuan. The equipment for sneak shots of test papers is these two mobile phones with specially modified cameras.

  Cheating in exams, dishonesty, illegal crimes must be investigated.

  Cheating in exams is a serious dishonest behavior, which directly undermines the fairness and justice of national exams. Such behavior is not only a violation of discipline and law, but also a criminal offence.

  One of Article 284th of China’s Criminal Law stipulates: whoever cheats in the national examination prescribed by law shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention, and shall also or only be fined; If the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than seven years and shall also be fined.

  Whoever provides cheating equipment for others to commit the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph and illegally sells or provides examination questions and answers to others shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph.

  Those who replace others or let others take the national examinations prescribed by law instead of themselves shall be sentenced to criminal detention or public surveillance and shall also or only be fined.

  The judge specially emphasized that cheating in organizing exams is a crime, and it also constitutes a crime to take the national exam instead of others. According to statistics, since 2016, the courts in Beijing have concluded more than 30 cases of taking exams instead of others, mainly focusing on the national postgraduate entrance examination, the national adult college entrance examination, the motor vehicle driver examination and other types of exams. All the candidates were sentenced to criminal detention ranging from four months to one month and fined.

  The judge explained that what constitutes the crime of cheating in the exam must be the national exam prescribed by law.

  In addition to being suspected of constituting a crime and being investigated for criminal responsibility, cheating in the exam will also be given administrative punishment. For example, according to the provisions of the Measures for Handling Violations in National Education Examinations issued by the Ministry of Education, the first punishment for cheating in the exam is that the score of the subject is invalid; Seriously, the results of all stages and subjects that they signed up for the exam are invalid. Cheating by using relevant equipment to receive information; If someone else takes the exam instead of or in place of the candidates, such as the college entrance examination, it may be suspended for one to three years; If the circumstances are particularly serious, they may be suspended from participating in various national education examinations for one to three years.

As standard, the Eye of the God is a high-level intelligent driver, and the Han family intelligent driver version is available for sale at 168,800.

In February, the domestic auto market has ushered in a new stage of development with more electricity than oil. The China brand camp, which has occupied the market dominance in the first half of electrification, is accelerating to lead the market into a brand-new development stage in the second half of intelligentization. On February 10th, BYD’s heavyweight officials announced that they would drive with the eyes of the gods and create an era of intelligent driving for all. Wang Chao’s flagship car BYD Han DM-i Intelligent Driving Edition and Han EV Intelligent Driving Edition all come standard with the Eye of the God, officially listed, and the strongest high-level intelligent driving at the same level can be used when it is listed.

Among them, the Han DM-i Smart Driving Edition launched a total of five models with a price of 168,800 ~ 225,800 yuan; Han EV Smart Driving Edition has launched five models, with the price of 179,800 ~ 235,800 yuan, creating a B+C-class car for all people to drive, and adding it will not increase the price!

Strong and intelligent driving, fully evolved, as the first choice of B and C smart cars for mainstream families, Han Family Smart Driving Edition carries the mission of bringing safer and smarter travel experience to users, and comprehensively leads the new trend of smart driving popularization in the mid-to-high-end car market!

At the same time, Hanzhi Driving Edition has also prepared six kinds of car buying gifts for users, including "exclusive rejuvenation gift, exclusive worry-free gift, exclusive VIP gift, exclusive Zhilian gift, limited-time optional gift and extended warranty service".

Piloting HNOA 10 big scene with high speed, driving 1000km without taking over with ease and wisdom.

The Hanzhijia version enjoys the Eye of the Gods C-high-order intelligent driving three-eye version (DiPilot 100) at the beginning, and the middle and high-grade upgraded Eye of the Gods B-high-order intelligent driving laser version (DiPilot 300). The hardware comes standard with a full-stack self-developed vehicle computing platform and a high-precision intelligent driving sensor.

Among them, Hanzhi Driving Edition equipped with Eye of God C has as many as 29 intelligent driving sensors, consisting of 5 high-precision millimeter-wave radars, 12 ultrasonic radars and 12 high-definition cameras. In terms of function, it supports 10 scenarios including high-speed navigation, covering intelligent driving navigation of high-speed and urban expressway, changing lanes and bypassing silky, and taking over the whole process of 1000km high-speed;

All parts of the Hanzhi Driving Edition support high-speed navigation, and the paddle is turned on, which is easy to use in the whole country! The 10 major scenes comprehensively cover "intelligent driving status display and intelligent driving start-up instructions, full scene rendering of parking and traveling, optimal traffic efficiency, automatic ramp-up, autonomous overtaking, large curvature cornering, shifting the lever to change lanes, construction obstacle avoidance bypass, intelligent comity, NOA degradation ACC/ACC automatic recovery NOA", so as to realize the national expressway and expressway can be easily opened, and it is basically unnecessary to take over when driving for 1,000 kilometers at a time.

City pilot CNOA 10 major scenes, comfortable and intelligent driving can be opened in urban areas all over the country.

Furthermore, users who need intelligent driving guidance on urban roads can choose three models, namely, Chinese DM-i intelligent driving version equipped with Eye of God B, Chinese EV intelligent driving version with top and sub-top, which are more advanced in intelligent driving calculation. They also have a high-perception laser radar, which additionally supports 10 scenarios of urban navigation. All urban areas in China can drive, and it is easy to drive as long as there is a road. It is a full-scene high-order intelligent driving that truly integrates driving and parking.

Specifically, the top 10 scenes of urban navigation in Hanzhi Driving Edition include "intelligent driving status display and intelligent driving start description, full scene rendering, traffic light recognition and countdown, game traffic, full scene detour & comity, driving around the island, intelligent comity cart, alternating backlight glare, lane chaos/lane-free road traffic, NOA demotion ACC/ACC automatic recovery NOA", and its intelligent driving ability is comparable to that of the old one.

Six modes of automatic parking, all kinds of complex parking spaces can be easily "entered"

In addition to high-speed navigation and urban navigation, Hanzhi Driving Edition can also realize convenient, efficient and elegant full-scene automatic parking, support six parking modes, cover 300+ parking scenes, and the parking success rate is over 99%, so that there are no more difficult parking spaces in the world.

Specifically, the six modes of automatic parking, including "remote parking in narrow parking space, parking service, parking in space without drawing lines, parking in T-shaped parking space and parking in lateral/oblique parking spaces, parking in self-selected parking spaces and low-speed emergency braking MEB", make parking in one step.There are no dead ends in parking, and everyone is an old driver..

In addition, in the face of narrow parking spaces, users can also choose to park and park vehicles easily through one-button remote control of APP, which is convenient for getting on and off.

Active safety that can predict, respond quickly, and stop accurately, and protect the safe travel of intelligent driving.

Safety is the greatest luxury of an electric car, and intelligent driving is the strongest guardian for safe travel! The launch of the Eye of God has enabled BYD to build a set of security systems covering all dimensions.

Active safety, which can predict, respond quickly and stop accurately, is also one of the core abilities of the Eye of God. Take the AEB automatic emergency braking function as an example. The AEB function of Hanzhi Driving Edition can detect and stop the static front car in advance at a speed of 100 kilometers per hour, and will gradually release the AEB capability at a speed of 120-140 kilometers per hour to escort the users’ intelligent driving.

The integration of intelligence and electricity, electrification and intelligence lead the fuel industry for two generations.

The Han family is the earliest dynasty IP equipped with the high-level intelligent driving of the eyes of the gods, and its intelligent driving footprint has already spread all over the country!

Previously, the Han family achieved the all-round flagship product strength without short boards by relying on the inductance Longyan, the fifth-generation DM technology and the rear five-link chassis driving control, and also won the annual B+C class car double sales crown!

Nowadays, the strong Han people have evolved again, and the standard is the high-level intelligent driving of the Eye of the God. With the full-system intelligent driving version, high-speed navigation and urban navigation can be opened all over the country, and all roads are easy to open. The intelligent parking in the whole scene is significantly ahead of the industry! At the same time, the active safety ability brought by the eye of God can actively avoid risks, nip in the bud and raise safety to a new height!

The Chinese EV intelligent driving version has two models, middle and high. At the same time, it combines the global 800V platform, the long battery life up to 701km, and the high-order intelligent driving of God’s Eye B blessed by laser radar to form the "strongest intelligent electric combination boxing";

Han DM-i Smart Driving Edition not only started smart driving, but also upgraded the entry model to open the panoramic sunroof. It also has a golden power combination with an acceleration of 0.000 to 6.9s and a fuel consumption of 3.8L It can be called "the best choice for a 200,000-class smart plug-in car".

Whether it is EV pure electricity or DM plug-in, the Han family has the strongest electrification strength in the industry, and has already been ahead of fuel for more than one generation. Now it comes standard with the strongest intelligent driving in the industry, and the intelligence is also one generation ahead. Hanzhi Driving Edition will launch a general attack on fuel vehicles of the same class with the strong advantage of leading fuel vehicles of the same class for at least two generations.

Conclusion:

Along the way, based on the huge data base and strong R&D strength, BYD Eye of God has achieved the most data, the fastest iteration and the best experience, and has evolved the strongest high-level intelligent driving ability at the same level.

This is the Han family that has no shortcomings in all directions and comprehensive product strength. It is fully equipped with the eyes of the gods, and there is no shortcomings!

What’s even more surprising is that the new car does not increase the price, and the high-level intelligent driving function is installed at the factory and can be used when it goes on the market. It has evolved into a "strong Han complete body" version of Hanzhi driving, which has become the first choice for mainstream families in B and C smart cars, and will lead the intelligent driving revolution of mainstream B+C cars; Together with BYD’s all-new smart driving version, it will promote the rapid popularization of smart driving in the domestic mainstream auto market and create an era of smart driving for all!

New and old drivers should understand the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages and daily maintenance of these five kinds of automobile gearboxes.

This article gives you an easy-to-understand understanding.

First, MT (manual gearbox)

1. Carrying models

Representative models:

Manual gearbox is our common taxis, driving school coaches, buses and trucks. In our daily family cars, manual gears are mostly low-end models or low-end models in mid-to high-end models, and its application is very extensive.

2. Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages: Its advantages are mainly mature technology, high stability, convenient maintenance and high driving pleasure..If you are an old driver with skilled driving skills, you will find that the speed of manual transmission is much faster than that of automatic transmission with the same displacement.

?Disadvantages: the operation is complicated, and beginners are prone to flameout, frustration, low gear, high gear and low gear when operating.

3. Use and maintenance

We commonly have four-speed, five-speed and six-speed gearboxes, which consist of four or six forward gears and one reverse gear.

In terms of use and maintenance, the cost of manual transmission is lower than other types.

The failure rate and maintenance cost of manual gearboxes are also lower than those of other gearboxes.

4. Market trends

People’s living habits are increasingly dependent on technology and artificial intelligence. In the ranks of family cars, manual gears will be gradually replaced by automatic gears.

Second, AT (automatic gearbox)

1. Carrying models

Representative models:

At present, automatic gearbox is one of the most common gearboxes in our life.

2. Advantages and disadvantages

?Advantages: stable technology and convenient operation.

?Disadvantages: Compared with other gearboxes, AT gearboxes are expensive to manufacture and difficult to develop.

3. Use and maintenance

AT gearbox gears are divided into:

P: Parking gear, used when parking.

R: reverse gear, used when reversing.

N: neutral, used when waiting for traffic lights or repairing vehicles.

D: Forward gear, used during normal driving.

S: Sport mode, used when overtaking and accelerating.

L: Low gear, that is, 1st gear. When the vehicle is engaged in L gear, it can be locked into 1st gear, and it cannot be upgraded to high gear. It is suitable for climbing or slowing down downhill.

2/3: High-speed engine brake gear, which is equivalent to shifting into 2nd or 3rd gear to lock the vehicle to this gear. It is also suitable for use on ramps or complex roads.

The general oil change cycle of AT gearbox is 2 years or 40,000-60,000 kilometers.

It is recommended to replace the old oil by dynamic oil change, which can fully circulate the old oil and discharge it cleanly. However, the cost is slightly higher.

4. Market trends

AT gearbox with low failure rate is very popular among consumers.

It is still the mainstream in automobile gearbox.

Third, AMT (semi-automatic gearbox)

1. Carrying models

Representative model: Chery QQ3

In China, it is mostly used in A0-class vehicles and heavy-duty trucks.

2. Advantages and disadvantages

?:Simple structure, low cost and convenient maintenance.

?: serious sense of frustration and poor sense of control.

3. Use and maintenance

Driving control is easier than manual transmission.

+upshift

-Downshift

4. Market trends

AMT gearbox is commonly used in medium and large buses and heavy trucks.

Fourth, DCT ()

1. Carrying models

Representative models: Porsche 911,

Dual clutch gearbox first appeared in sports cars and performance cars, and then gradually appeared in family cars.

Different manufacturers have different names.

the public

Audi S-tronic

Porsche PDK

2. Advantages and disadvantages

?Optimize the problem of final power cut-off during gear shifting to achieve the problem of fast gear shifting. High transmission efficiency and improved fuel economy.

?The gearbox is difficult to dissipate heat, and some models have obvious frustration when shifting gears, so manufacturers have high requirements on the accuracy of manufacturing and processing.

3. Use and maintenance

The operating gear is the same as AT gearbox.

The dual-clutch gearbox, whether it is wet or wet, needs no maintenance for life from the structural design of the manufacturer, except for man-made damage.

If a 4S shop or a garage asks you to change the transmission oil and filter element, you must remember that it is a trick to cheat people and cheat money. I hope all car owners will keep it in mind.

4. Market trends

Major manufacturers are constantly optimizing the frustration problem of dual-clutch gearbox. In some high-end models equipped with dual-clutch, the frustration feeling is very small. While enjoying the slight frustration feeling, they can have an extremely fast shift acceleration experience, plus the design of life-long maintenance-free. These are the competitive advantages of dual-clutch gearbox. The development prospect is the best after breaking technical barriers.

V. CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission)

1. Carrying models

Representative model: Nissan

It is the originator of CVT technology, but Nissan is the best one to apply it.

2. Advantages and disadvantages

?Excellent ride comfort, almost zero frustration and good fuel economy.

?: Weak power, limited torque output and complicated maintenance.

3. Use and maintenance

The operating gear is the same as AT gearbox.

The maintenance cycle of CVT gearbox is slightly longer than that of AT gearbox, generally 2/3 years or 50,000-80,000 kilometers.

4. Market trends

Nowadays, the new technology has solved the problem of short service life of CVT in the past. By adopting high-strength and high-quality materials and precision manufacturing technology, the quality and reliability are improved, which greatly improves the service life of CVT gearbox.

However, the power is weak, the torque output is limited, the maintenance is complicated, and some important parts inside the CVT gearbox cannot be processed and manufactured in China. In addition, the era of turbine engines is prevalent, which makes the CVT gearbox have great limitations.

Some of the five common gearboxes mentioned above are simple in structure and easy to maintain, some speed up rapidly, some have high fuel economy, and some are smooth and smooth. Which one do you like? Welcome to comment in the comment area.