分类： zudao

Friends who need drinking water quality at home often see the figure of TDS test pen when choosing water purifiers, and the displayed value is often one of the criteria for judging the water quality of water purifiers.

Who is TDS? How do some water purifiers make the TDS value of tap water from hundreds to double digits or single digits?

TDS is total dissolved solids,The abbreviation of "total dissolved solids",Its numerical value represents the mass of dissolved solids in one liter of water, and the unit is mg/liter. The measuring tool is the pen-shaped TDS tester that we often see in evaluation and publicity.

Here we will find a BUG:The value displayed by TDS tester is the total amount of solid matter dissolved in water.

In fact, there are many kinds of solid substances in tap water, such as minerals and trace elements, calcium and magnesium salts that are easy to form scale, sediment dissolved in water, scale peeled off from transportation pipelines, rust and so on.

Because of the complexity of solid types, TDS meter can not accurately distinguish whether its composition is beneficial or harmful to human body.

For example, the TDS value of tap water we use every day is about 100-200, and the TDS value of mineral water sold in supermarkets is about 100, but mineral water can be drunk directly, but tap water is not.

Such a situation will inevitably be confusing. What is the significance of testing TDS value by water purifier? However, before further explaining this question, let’s take a look at the numerical requirements of national standards for tap water quality.

According to the limited requirements of TDS value of drinking tap water in the Hygienic Standard for Drinking Water in 2006, the TDS value of domestic water should be less than or equal to 1000 mg/L.

What kind of numerical concept is this? Generally, the TDS value of tap water in new residential buildings is 100-200, and the TDS value of tap water in older residential buildings will not exceed 500.

Generally speaking, as long as the urban water supply is not affected by various disasters, the daily drinking water will basically not exceed this limit.

However, this tap water quality requirement cannot meet the standard of direct drinking water. We were taught by our parents to boil water before drinking, and we didn’t have the habit of drinking tap water directly.

Moreover, the cost of direct drinking in waterworks is quite high, and there is also the problem of secondary pollution during transportation, which is not only unnecessary, but also difficult to achieve.

With the development of life, people more or less have certain requirements for the quality of tap water, not necessarily for direct drinking, but also for removing impurities, odor or scale in water, which reflects the existence value of water purifier.

Back to the original question, why does the water purifier evaluation show the TDS value of water quality?

The answer is very simple, in order to show the ultra-high filtration capacity of the water purifier, because it is difficult to tell whether the solids in the water are good or bad, so it is better to filter them all at once. There are no impurities in the water, so it can be drunk directly.

Only RO reverse osmosis water purifier can achieve such strong filtration ability.

This kind of water purifier fully filters all impurities including bacteria, viruses and microorganisms in water through the filtration precision of RO reverse osmosis membrane of 0.0001 micron. Only water molecules and a very small amount of trace elements can pass through, and the TDS value of naturally produced water is only single digits.

In addition to the reverse osmosis water purifier, there is also a common ultrafiltration water purifier on the market.

This kind of products can only filter tap water simply, remove large-particle impurities such as sediment and rust, and eliminate odor, while bacterial viruses and scale will still remain in the produced water.This kind of products can’t pass the TDS test to judge the water quality standard.

Smart brands will not introduce the specific differences of such water purifiers to consumers in detail. Common reverse osmosis water purifiers will promote "pure water" and "direct drinking", while ultrafiltration water purifiers will promote "no power consumption" and "mineral water" as features.

So is it necessary to choose reverse osmosis without thinking when buying a water purifier? Or choose ultrafiltration to drink "mineral water"? Let’s analyze it for you:

Reverse osmosis water purifier:

Advantage: excellent filtering effect, and that produce purified water can be directly drunk.

Disadvantages:

1. The reverse osmosis water purifier will produce wastewater.

2. When working, the water purifier pressurizes the water supply, which requires power consumption.

3. The filter element of reverse osmosis water purifier has a general service life of 3 years, and needs to be replaced when it expires, so the price is high.

Applicable environment:The water quality is hard and prone to water pollution problems, such as coastal salt tides and flood-prone areas.

Applicable people:There is a high demand for drinking water quality, especially for families who need to take care of infants and frail elderly people.

Ultrafiltration water purifier:

Advantages:

1. It can retain minerals in water, and is suitable for making tea and coffee to enhance the taste.

2. It can be used immediately after installation, and no electricity is needed.

3. Some product filter elements can be reused, and the replacement price is lower.

Disadvantages: tap water can only be simply filtered, and it needs to be boiled and drunk, which will produce scale.

Applicable environment:The tap water has many impurities, the water quality is soft, and it is not easy to be polluted.

Applicable people:There is no high requirement for water quality, and it is only necessary to simply filter impurities and odors at a lower cost to meet the needs of families who wash vegetables and cook daily.

Summary:

Although TDS meter is a reference for visually displaying water quality, it can only reflect the water purification effect of reverse osmosis water purifier.

As for the common ultrafiltration water purifier, the reference value of TDS meter is not significant. The simplest and reliable method is to boil tap water before drinking. I hope this article can help everyone who is buying a water purifier.

????In 2002, under the correct leadership of the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government, the people of the whole city earnestly practiced Theory of Three Represents, closely focused on the three strategies of "rejuvenating the country through science and education, opening up to the outside world and sustainable development" and the five key points of "attracting investment, strategic adjustment of economic structure, developing high-tech industries, deepening reform and environmental construction", actively responded to the new changes in the domestic and international situation after joining the WTO, and forged ahead in unity, pioneering and innovating the national economy. The existing problems are: the structural contradiction of economy and the deep-seated problems of economic system are more prominent; The dominant position of industry has not yet been formed; Insufficient demand for investment, export and consumption; Social security and education under pressure; The life of some urban and rural residents is still very difficult.

　　 I. Synthesis

????Economic Aggregate: According to preliminary statistics, the city’s GDP in 2002 reached 15.10 billion yuan, an increase of 10.0% over the previous year. Among them, the primary industry realized an added value of 4.60 billion yuan, an increase of 14.0%; The added value of the secondary industry reached 5.20 billion yuan, an increase of 9.0%; The tertiary industry realized an added value of 5.30 billion yuan, an increase of 8.0%. The added value of primary, secondary and tertiary industries accounts for 30.5%, 34.7% and 34.8% of GDP respectively. The per capita GDP is 5036 yuan, or 609 US dollars.

????Fiscal revenue: The general budget revenue of local finance was 960 million yuan, up by 13.4% over the previous year, of which 340 million yuan was achieved at the city level, up by 19.5%, and 620 million yuan was achieved at the county (city) level, up by 10.4%. National tax revenue was 850 million yuan, up 9.5%, and local tax revenue was 720 million yuan, up 3.5%. The general budget expenditure of local finance was 2.13 billion yuan, an increase of 8.2% over the previous year. Among them, the city-level expenditure was 1 billion yuan, up 6.9%, and the county-level expenditure was 1.13 billion yuan, up 9.4 yuan.

????Price index: the annual consumer price index was 99.9%, of which the food price index was 100.8%; The price index of tobacco, alcohol and daily necessities is 100.8; The clothing price index is 95.9%; The price index of household equipment supplies and maintenance services is 97.2%; The price index of medical care and personal goods is 98.0%; The price index of transportation and communication is 98.5%; The price index of entertainment, education, cultural goods and services is 102.3%; The residential price index is 101.3%.

According to the news released by Shanghai on December 30, the Municipal Transportation Commission said that according to the unified deployment of the Ministry of Transport, at 0: 00 on January 1, 2020, the national expressway will be switched, and the "one network" operation will be officially implemented to fully realize the fast passage of provincial boundaries without stopping. At present, all the work in Shanghai is progressing in an orderly way, and it has entered the critical stage of the final sprint.

Recently, many citizens have reported that they have encountered problems in the process of expressway toll station traffic and ETC installation, and the Municipal Transportation Commission has sorted out the answers to some questions.

Q: Some citizens said that they can’t take the expressway several times a year, and they didn’t install ETC equipment. Is it impossible to take the expressway in the future?

A:Encourage vehicles to pass quickly by installing and using ETC. After the provincial toll station of expressway is cancelled, vehicles without ETC can also pass by collecting CPC card at the entrance of expressway and paying CPC card at the exit. However, vehicles installed with ETC can complete payment without stopping all the time, which is more efficient and conducive to promoting energy conservation and emission reduction. Therefore, from the perspective of convenience, energy saving and environmental protection, users are encouraged to give priority to the rapid passage of expressways through the installation and use of ETC. In addition, ETC users can also enjoy preferential policies for tolls.

In the future, there will be more and more ETC application scenarios, such as non-inductive payment in parking lots and gas stations in the city, and citizens can enjoy faster services.

Q: Many citizens have found that there are fewer mixed lanes (that is, manual +ETC) at toll stations, which has caused congestion. How will this situation be solved?

A:According to the requirements of the State Council, the popularization and application of ETC will be accelerated, and the utilization rate of ETC on expressways will reach over 90%. In order to ensure a smooth transition between the old and new systems, at least two mixed lanes have been reserved in the toll stations where conditions permit. However, the current utilization rate of ETC has not yet reached the requirements, and there are still many vehicles choosing mixed lanes during peak hours, so there is a phenomenon of queuing in mixed lanes.

In view of this phenomenon, the transportation department has improved the operation guarantee scheme of toll stations, sent additional guidance personnel to deal with all kinds of emergencies in time and ensure the traffic order of toll stations. To this end, the transportation department also called on drivers to install ETC equipment as soon as possible to ensure the smooth running of their vehicles.

Q: What if a non-ETC vehicle accidentally strays into the ETC lane?

A:Non-ETC vehicles are not allowed to pass through ETC lanes. If non-ETC vehicles mistakenly enter, they will be guided to mixed lanes by the staff.

The transportation department reminds that drivers should pay close attention to the signs before entering the toll station square. Generally, there is a striking ETC reminder sign about 1 km to the expressway toll station.

Artificial lanes or mixed lanes are mostly set on the right, and drivers should choose the corresponding lanes according to the actual situation.

Q: After the provincial toll station of expressway is cancelled, can I use mobile payment methods such as Alipay and WeChat to pay the toll?

A:Mobile payment is an effective supplement to cash payment. The cancellation of provincial toll stations on expressways will not affect the normal use of mobile payment, and users can still use mobile payment methods at toll stations that support mobile payment.

Q: Some ETC users have reported that ETC is installed, but the success rate of identification is unstable, and there are frequent situations of "jamming" and not lifting the pole.

A:After investigation, it was found that there were many reasons for the failure to identify:

(1) At present, the expressway toll collection system is in the stage of joint debugging, and the software and hardware of the system are not stable, which has a certain impact on the traffic efficiency.

(2) Some drivers failed to activate the ETC equipment in time, and the system could not be read even though the equipment was installed.

(3) the speed is too fast. The vehicle is driving too fast, and the system has no time to read the information.

(4) Lane ETC reading failure.

(5) Credit card arrears, card suspension and other reasons lead to unsuccessful deduction.

At present, the transportation department requires all expressway project companies to speed up the equipment debugging progress and strive to control the impact to a minimum; At the same time, each booth of the toll station is equipped with staff, and once the equipment is "stuck", the staff will deal with it in time.

Remind drivers again that during the use of ETC equipment, please complete the equipment activation as soon as possible. In addition, in case of "jam", check whether the card is loose due to vehicle bumps, and try again after re-plugging.

Q: How can I get the toll bill after canceling the provincial toll station of the expressway?

A:The way of obtaining toll invoices remains unchanged. Users who use ETC (or user card) to pay tolls can obtain electronic invoices through "Toll Road Toll Invoice Service Platform", namely "Ticket Stub" APP, applet and website (website: www.txffp.com); If users pay in cash, they can obtain paper bills for the paid fees at the export toll station.

Q: Some car owners report that the ETC customer service hotline is often busy and can’t get through, which affects the customer service satisfaction experience?

A:1. Traffic Card Company, as the ETC issuing and service organization in this city, has added 4000012319 customer service hotline this year, and at the same time, it has added resident customer service personnel to the original 12319 urban construction hotline to provide customers with consultation and after-sales service. Considering the surge of ETC users this year, in order to better provide ETC follow-up consultation, equipment replacement and other services, after equipment failure, we can go to 66 service agency outlets set up by transportation card company for equipment inspection and maintenance; Next year, the transportation card company has set out to establish an online service model to effectively improve the quality of user service and strive to improve the user service experience.

2. In case of arrears, audit, invalidation of bank debit account, etc., users will be issued with use restriction marks. In this case, users can contact the signing bank or consult through hotline, and unbind according to the relevant agreement signed with the signing bank, and generally go to the counter of the signing bank to unbind.

In addition, in case of problems such as deduction, the general bank will initiate the deduction within 24 hours after the user’s highway traffic consumption, and some banks will inform the user by SMS after initiating the deduction.

Common problems in the use of ETC

(1) Q: How to check whether ETC equipment works normally?

A: Reseat the card. After re-plugging the card and hearing the beep, the device is normal when "Charge Card" or "Amount" is displayed on the device screen. If failure information such as "Failure" is displayed, please go to ETC service outlets for detection.

(2) Q: Can ETC equipment be disassembled by itself?

A: No. ETC equipment has anti-disassembly function. Once it is disassembled or dropped by itself, it will not be used normally. You need to contact ETC service outlets to re-install and activate it.

(3) Q: What should I do if ETC equipment can be identified in some lanes and not in others?

A: If there are multiple toll stations or lanes that can’t pass smoothly, please go to ETC service outlets for ETC equipment testing.

(4) Q: How to repair damaged ETC equipment or cards?

A: Go to ETC service outlets. Bank co-branded cards must go to the issuing bank for maintenance, and other maintenance services can be handled at various ETC service outlets.

(5) Q: Can ETC equipment handled in other places be installed and maintained in Shanghai?

A: No. Due to different issuers, Shanghai ETC service outlets cannot provide services for ETC equipment issued by other provinces and cities.

(6) Q: Do ETC stored value cards have to be converted into charge cards?

A: ETC stored-value cards can still be used. If users need to convert it into a charge card, they can go to 66 offline outlets of the Communications Card Company and more than 400 one-stop outlets of banks. In the first quarter of next year, the transportation card company will launch an online processing mode, which is more convenient for users to handle.

(Original title: "During the switching of ETC system, the answer to the traffic question you care about is here! ",with deletion)

China Quality News Network learned from official website of Jiangsu Provincial Administration for Industry and Commerce that the overall pass rate of online trading goods in Jiangsu last year was 70.5%, and the products with less than 50% pass rate in sampling inspection included glasses, children’s toys and lamps. The protein powder bought online has shrunk by half, and there is something wrong with diet pills. What should I do? On March 8, the Jiangsu Provincial Administration for Industry and Commerce reported the quality sampling of online trading goods in 2017, and announced the typical cases of online shopping complaints in Jiangsu in 2017 and consumption tips.

Sampling notification

Last year, Jiangsu Industry and Commerce conducted a special sampling inspection on the quality of crystal jewelry, textiles and clothing, decoration materials, household appliances, information technology equipment (mainly mobile power supplies, wireless routers, smart children’s watches, etc.), children’s toys, lamps, glasses and other goods sold by registered operators in the province. A total of 1493 batches of samples were taken in the whole year. After testing, 1052 batches were qualified and 441 batches were unqualified, with an overall pass rate of 70.5%. The quality of online trading goods was generally stable and good.

Judging from the categories of products sampled, the pass rate of crystal jewelry sampling is 91.8%; The qualified rate of textiles and clothing is 66.2%; The qualified rate of sampling inspection of decoration materials is 98.3%; The qualified rate of household appliances is 87.5%; The qualified rate of information technology equipment (mainly mobile power supply, wireless router, smart children’s watch, etc.) is 53.3%; The pass rate of children’s toys sampling inspection is 46%; The qualified rate of lamps is 45%; The pass rate of glasses is 47%. Judging from the sampling results, the qualified rate of different kinds of goods is quite different, especially the qualified rate of glasses, children’s toys, lamps and other goods is less than 50%, which is a problem.

Jiangsu Industrial and Commercial Bureau has published the sampling results of online trading goods in six times on the official website of Jiangsu Industrial and Commercial Bureau. In addition to notifying producers, online commodity operators and third-party trading platforms, the industrial and commercial departments also ordered the sampled online commodity operators to stop selling immediately according to law, and instructed and urged the third-party trading platforms to delete, block and disconnect the commodity information about the unqualified commodity information and the virtual shops of the sampled online commodity operators.

In addition, in 2017, the province’s industrial and commercial system filed a total of 1912 illegal cases in the online market, with a fine of 30.083 million yuan, of which 123 were unqualified online sales. This year, the industrial and commercial department will optimize the sampling inspection of electronic products, maternal and child supplies, and student supplies.

Typical case

No1

After more than a month of buying chocolate by sea, the operator finally paid compensation in Yancheng.

[Online shopping case]

On January 5th last year, Mr. Wang bought an imported "/mars" British chocolate on a cross-border online shopping platform. In the following days, the merchant delayed the delivery. During this period, Mr. Wang repeatedly urged him, and all the merchants said that due to the long overseas delivery cycle and the weather, the customer service suddenly said that the product had been removed from the shelves in late February and was out of stock, asking Mr. Wang to apply for a refund. When browsing the store, Mr. Wang found that the registered place of the operator was in Hong Kong, and there was a small line at the bottom of the page, "This store was operated by a network technology company in Yancheng". Mr. Wang contacted Yancheng Industrial and Commercial Bureau with the psychology of giving it a try. After mediation, the company finally compensated Mr. Wang and 200 yuan.

Industrial and commercial personnel said that after placing an order, consumers reached a sales contract with the online shop operator, and the online shop operator did not deliver the goods according to the agreement, which was a contract breach.

[Consumer Tips]

When consumers buy imported goods through the internet, they should know clearly about the performance, logistics and delivery cycle of the goods, and it is best to choose appropriate business entities and delivery methods. At the same time, attention should be paid to keeping relevant transaction records and other evidence.

No2

I bought diet pills and had dizziness and stomachache. It was originally that Wechat business found a manufacturer to "customize".

[Online shopping case]

Xie bought 6 sets of slimming capsules of a certain brand from Zhu through WeChat, totaling 2,130 yuan. Xie and his lover have weight loss effect in the early stage, and at the same time have symptoms such as dizziness and stomachache. The doctor decided that the diet pills should be added with some illegal drugs. Afterwards, Xie told the manufacturer of diet pills that the manufacturer said that this diet pill was customized by a Wechat business customer Zhu in their factory, and he was responsible for the after-sales problems. However, Zhu said that the goods were regular products and refused to make after-sales compensation. After mediation by the industrial and commercial department, Zhu finally refunded Xie’s payment and compensation totaling more than 20,000 yuan. At the same time, the bureau also filed a case against Zhu’s illegal behavior.

The industrial and commercial personnel said that the merchants publicized and sold diet pills that did not meet the safety standards through WeChat. According to the relevant provisions of the Food Safety Law, the merchants should compensate for the losses and pay compensation of 10 times the payment amount.

[Consumer Tips]

Consumers should be cautious about the promotion of goods in Wechat business, and don’t believe in health care products that claim to have therapeutic effects. Health care products that claim to have the effect of losing weight may be added with non-edible substances prohibited by the state, which will bring harm to human health after eating.

No3

"Promotion for 3 hours" lasted for several days. Online shop "fudged" and met a real person.

[Online shopping case]

The Consumers’ Association of Binhai County, Yancheng City received a complaint from consumers, reflecting that an online shop declared that "there are three hours left in the promotion price of 26.8" when selling paradise umbrellas and other commodities. Consumers were worried about the price increase and immediately placed an order to buy. Later, consumers found that the promotion continued after three hours. A few days later, the promotion of this commodity was changed to "there are three hours left in the promotion price of 29.9", which still lasted for several days. After mediation by industrial and commercial personnel, the online shop reached an agreement with consumers through consultation. At the same time, the industry and commerce department has standardized the promotion behavior of online stores.

[Consumer Tips]

When consumers buy goods online, they should compare as much as possible, and don’t be fooled by the false propaganda of merchants; Attention should be paid to retaining relevant evidence, including trading commodity number, commodity picture, trading time, screenshots of web pages, chat records with sellers, relevant bills, etc. Once necessary, rights can be defended according to law.

No4

The arrival of online shopping protein powder "shrinks" by half, and then sign for it a priori.

[Online shopping case]

Mr. Zhu saw a well-known brand protein powder merchant on the Internet make a big promotion. The activity price of 450 grams of protein powder was only 50 to 60 yuan, so he bought 4 barrels and spent 231 yuan. Upon receipt of the goods, Mr. Zhu was blindsided, and the packaging of protein powder was damaged, and only one barrel was 450 grams, and the other three barrels were only 150 grams. The online store said that if the damage is serious, you can choose to return the goods, but the request to refund the difference or reissue 900 grams of protein powder is rejected. Upon inquiry, the industrial and commercial personnel learned that Mr. Zhu did not keep valid evidence such as screenshots of the online shop’s activities. After mediation, the online shop refunded the difference of 115 yuan to Mr. Zhu. At the same time, the industry and commerce department has standardized the promotion behavior of the online store.

[Consumer Tips]

Treat online promotion rationally, and don’t buy it easily because of the low price. When receiving the goods, you should inspect the goods before signing for them. If you find that the goods are damaged or the goods list is inconsistent, you should contact the seller in time, pay attention to intercepting the publicity webpage and keep the chat record shopping voucher.

No5

Wechat likes and recharge points are beautiful. In fact, they have not been cashed.

[Online shopping case]

In order to attract popularity, a car 4s shop in Jintan District of Changzhou released a WeChat praise collection activity through WeChat WeChat official account. The content of the activity shows that prizes can be won if a certain number of praises are collected, and it is not limited to first come, first served. Due to the store’s underestimation of the number of participants in the event, the number of prizes prepared is limited, so we can only tell the winners that the number of prizes is limited and has been distributed. After mediation by industrial and commercial personnel, the merchants exchanged prizes for consumers.

Coincidentally, there is another case where the promise can’t be fulfilled: a shopping mall in Zhonglou District, Changzhou launched an online recharge and return of points. The content of the activity shows that any customer can return the corresponding amount of points by recharging on the online platform of the shopping mall. One point can be used as one yuan, and any goods can be purchased on the online platform without other relevant restrictions. Due to the mall’s underestimation of the number of participants in the event, the business qualification review of merchants on the platform was not strict, and the amount of recharge exceeded its affordability, so the mall frozen some customers’ online accounts. After mediation by the market supervision department, the mall redeemed points for consumers.

[Consumer Tips]

Consumers should be careful to participate in preferential activities such as WeChat praise collection and point redemption. On the one hand, they should pay attention to reading the details of the activities and try to fully understand the relevant requirements of the activities. At the same time, they should keep relevant evidence such as screenshots of the activities in order to protect their rights in time.

No6

Online shopping encounters false delivery and return, and there is a mystery.

[Online shopping case]

Mr. Liang took a pair of sandals with a price of 61.92 yuan in an online shop. After payment, Mr. Liang saw the system prompt "The seller has delivered the goods" on the Internet. As the automatic account transfer day approached, Mr. Liang could not find the logistics record. The invoice only filled in such contents as "Your order has been picked by a third-party seller and will be delivered to A Niu after delivery, and the contact number is 186 * * * * * *". After investigation, the telephone number is the business telephone number of a company in Zhenjiang. According to the industrial and commercial personnel, the seller recently placed more orders and was busy with business, and did not deliver the goods in time according to the standardized process. Finally, the two parties reached an agreement.

What Ms. Sun encountered was even more disturbing: she bought a dress in an online shop, and the online shop did not deliver it according to the agreed time. When she didn’t want to apply for a refund, the customer service asked to change the reason for the return from "not delivered on time" to "the consumer didn’t like it", otherwise she wouldn’t return the goods. As a result, consumers complained to Wuxi Xishan District Market Supervision Bureau. After mediation, the two sides reached a settlement.

[Consumer Tips]

Some online stores often ask consumers to fill in the reasons for returning goods as "I don’t like it" or "No reason for 7 days" in order not to affect the reputation of the store, otherwise they will not agree to return goods. This is against the relevant regulations. In addition, if the seller intentionally makes false delivery, it is suspected of fraud. Therefore, consumers should pay attention to logistics information in time. If the seller deliberately delays delivery, they should keep the evidence in time and complain to the e-commerce platform and the 12315 hotline where the seller is located. If you need to return the goods, you should communicate with the merchants properly and fill in the reasons for returning the goods reasonably. In case of unreasonable refusal to return the goods, rights should be protected in time according to law.

When choosing sofa products for home, it is necessary to comprehensively consider many factors to ensure that you choose a sofa that is comfortable and beautiful, and meets your home style and personal needs.

First of all, consider the size of the sofa. Measure the space of the living room to ensure that the sofa can be placed reasonably without being crowded or empty. Generally speaking, the length of the sofa should not exceed two thirds of the length of the living room. If the living room is small, you can choose a double sofa or a small corner sofa; If the living room is larger, you can consider a large combination sofa.

Secondly, the material of sofa is very important. Common materials include leather, cloth and artificial leather. Leather sofa has the advantages of good texture and easy cleaning, but the price is relatively high; Fabric sofa has various styles and rich colors, giving people a warm and comfortable feeling, and the price is relatively close to the people; The artificial leather sofa has both the appearance of leather and the price advantage of fabric.

Furthermore, the comfort of the sofa is the key. Sit on it and feel the softness and hardness of the cushion, the support of the backrest and the comfort of the armrest. A good sofa should be able to provide good waist and neck support, so that people will not feel tired when sitting on it for a long time.

The style of sofa also needs to be paid attention to. Modern minimalist sofa has simple lines and simple shapes, which is suitable for pursuing a simple and lively home environment; European-style sofas are usually gorgeous in shape and exquisite in details, which are suitable for creating a romantic and elegant atmosphere; Chinese-style sofas pay attention to traditional crafts and cultural elements, reflecting the simple and elegant temperament.

In addition, the quality of the sofa can not be ignored. Check whether the frame is solid. Generally speaking, the solid wood frame is more reliable. The elasticity and durability of the spring are also very important; The quality of filling materials will directly affect the comfort and service life of sofa.

The following table is used to compare the characteristics of different types of sofas:

In a word, choosing a sofa product suitable for home needs to comprehensively consider many aspects such as size, material, comfort, style and quality, and make a wise choice according to your home environment, personal preferences and budget.

[Disclaimer] This article only represents the author’s own views and has nothing to do with Hexun. Hexun.com is neutral about the statements and opinions in this article, and does not provide any express or implied guarantee for the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the contents. Readers are requested for reference only, and please take full responsibility. Email: news_center@staff.hexun.com.

　　BEIJING, April 19 (Xinhua) The State Council held a press conference on April 19 to introduce the business operation and work in the first quarter of 2024. Xu Xingfeng, Director of the Department of Market Operation and Consumption Promotion of the Ministry of Commerce, introduced at the meeting that the trade-in of consumer goods was a major decision made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and the Ministry of Commerce actively promoted its implementation, respecting consumers’ wishes and responding to consumers’ demands in policy design, so as to give consumers a sense of gain.

　　A reporter asked at the meeting: The Ministry of Commerce and other departments have recently released the Action Plan for Promoting Trade-in of Consumer Goods. How will this plan be implemented? For ordinary consumers, what tangible benefits can they get from the trade-in action?

　　Xu Xingfeng introduced that with the approval of the State Council, the Ministry of Commerce and other 14 departments issued the Action Plan for Promoting Trade-in of Consumer Goods, and quickly held a work promotion meeting with relevant departments, and the departments and localities were linked to implement it. At present, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shandong, Hunan, Shanxi and other places have introduced detailed measures, and enterprises such as automobiles, home appliances and homes involved in trade-in have responded and launched preferential gift packages. The Ministry of Commerce, together with relevant departments, will refine policies and measures as soon as possible, improve operational procedures, and strive to make the operation simple and clear.

　　Xu Xingfeng pointed out that the trade-in of consumer goods was a major decision made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and the Ministry of Commerce actively promoted its implementation, respecting consumers’ wishes and responding to consumers’ demands in policy design, so as to give consumers a sense of gain. It is embodied in the following aspects:

　　In terms of automobiles, extending in the chain and expanding in the face runs through all links of the whole chain of automobile circulation and consumption, and the core is to make the people more satisfied. Specifically, first, buying a car is more affordable. At present, enterprises have responded positively, and they have made profits to promote sales. In terms of policy, we will launch a policy package, play a combination boxing, and make profits from all aspects of finance, taxation, credit, insurance, etc., so as to reduce the cost of buying a car and make it more affordable. Second, it is more convenient to use the car. The next step will be to further improve infrastructure such as charging, parking and smart transportation. Carry out the pilot reform of automobile circulation and consumption, and support the development of automobile modification, leasing, RV camping, sports events, traditional classic cars (classic cars) and other industries. Third, selling cars is more worry-free. Promote the cancellation of the national restrictions on the movement of used cars, stimulate the demand for used cars, and the price sold by car owners is more satisfactory. Establish a second-hand car information inquiry platform to make the car condition information more transparent and the car price more fair, and ordinary people will be as assured as buying a new car. At the same price, you can buy a used car with better condition and more security after sale, and the owner is happier. Fourth, scrapping is more convenient. Encourage dismantling enterprises to collect cars at home, so that it is more convenient for car owners to sell scrapped vehicles. Generally speaking, buying a car is more affordable, using a car is more convenient, selling a car is more worry-free, and scrapping is more convenient.

　　Home appliances, home improvement, kitchen and bathroom. The first is to highlight the convenience of consumption. Old furniture doesn’t want to be thrown away, old household appliances don’t want to be thrown away, and there is no place to live in temporary renovation. These are all difficulties encountered by ordinary people in their lives. Encourage the creation of "storage room", "recycling station" and "revolving room", and also encourage "internet plus recycling", "one-stop collection, new delivery and disassembly" to make the decoration more worry-free. The second is to highlight information transparency. Cooperate with relevant departments to carry out Green building the countryside activities, dynamically improve the catalogue of aging-suitable home products, and promote home improvement "model rooms" to enter shopping malls, communities and platforms, so that consumers can master this information through multiple channels. The third is to highlight wisdom and convenience. Focusing on smart homes, we will work with relevant departments to speed up the improvement of interconnection standards and promote smart products to land in more life scenarios. The fourth is to highlight environmental optimization. We will organize actions such as "reassuring home improvement into the community" and improving after-sales service of home appliances to make everyone’s consumption more comfortable and more assured.

　　Xu Xingfeng said that in the next step, the Ministry of Commerce will continue to listen to the opinions and suggestions of all parties, do its best to do good things well, and let consumers get real benefits. Media friends and consumers are also welcome to supervise the implementation and implementation effect of the policy.

Today, Xiaobian brings you the top ten in the 2023 single-career legendary mobile game list. Every mobile game here has a very high explosion rate, and it is easy to drop the costume. There are more surprises and benefits waiting for you to collect. If you want to experience it, come here and see if you like the legendary mobile game!

Single professional hand tour legend recommendation

NO1: Eternal Thunder Legend Mobile Tour official website Edition

NO2: Journey to the West: Real Bull Legend Attack Speed Edition

NO3: Anger of Blood Mobile Tour

NO4: The Alliance of Ice and Snow Singles

NO5: Legend of Xuanyuan official website Edition

NO6: Battle for the Royalty Mobile Phone official website Edition

NO7: Blades of Fire Android Edition

NO8: Handed down Miracle Sabac Blue Moon Legend Mobile Tour

NO9: Retro Dragon City Legend Mobile Tour official website Edition

NO10: The Legend of Dragon and Flame War official website Edition

1, winning the legendary silence retro mobile game

Featured content: A single professional gold-playing game, the classic version of "I am silent" is a brand-new genuine legendary mobile game. The game continues the classic legendary retro gameplay such as attacking sand with blood, digging for treasures, playing monsters and blasting, and at the same time, it also reproduces the unique features of the "I am silent" version. Land of silence, Qin Huangling, Water World and other characteristic maps are perfectly reset; The unique equipment such as broken coffin sword, emerald slaying dragon, curse king and domain suit is cool and cool! High-tech, casual gold, great experience, and continue the legend! Silent new version, take you back to the most memorable and refreshing legendary era!

2, Dragon City Legend Free Charge 0 Krypton Edition

Features: a classic retro legendary hand tour, scattered people chasing dreams, super equipment! Send a thousand yuan gift online! The first gift of great value is waiting for you! Hundreds of maps are wonderful, waiting for you to fight!

3, the blade of freedom legendary mobile game official website version.

Features: A MMORPG game with three occupations: warrior, mage and Taoist. Players can take risks with their peers in the virtual world of the game, and experience a variety of functions such as cultivation, fighting, socialization and interaction, thus achieving a strong growth path. The game uses a large number of realistic scenes, magical array, and provides a unique guild system, unique copies, and the best equipment system. Bring players a variety of hearty game experiences and fun.

4. Join hands with the legendary mobile game official website Edition.

Featured content: a game combined with three professional legends, sending ten thousand yuan to recharge, forging GM weapons, so that you can have a good time! Super high explosion rate! Rare boss unlimited brush, equipped with red envelopes unlimited explosion! Attack the sand on time, waiting for you to fight! It’s definitely a new version of the ship you haven’t seen before! What are you waiting for? Come and join us!

5, the secret of the Dragon City of Ice and Snow Retro

Features: Longcheng Secret Land sends a 100,000 yuan recharge card to increase the corresponding diamond supreme VIP experience value, which can activate daily recharge and cumulative recharge of benefits. If you get a treasure, an original one is 99 knives in 1 second, and the knife is accelerated, with a hundred times explosion rate. All equipment, all special and material games can explode, with a little main line, 99 knives in 1 second, and direct flight to 100 levels. The golden opening is not a dream, and the online game is directly started. VIP gift package.

6, the legendary retro HD version

Featured content: pure ice and snow high-explosive welfare retro legend, with a brand-new version of the six continents grand arrival! The first charge of ten yuan to send full-screen pick-up function, civilian players can also have a good time! Privileged vip is full of ice and snow legends for free, and you can enjoy the privilege of automatic recycling for free when you create a corner. Automatic experience, automatic ingot, automatic synthesis and automatic recycling are directly opened for free by the whole people! The explosion rate of the whole map is increased by 100 times, and the mobs explode everything, and the mobs explode the ultimate! Killing any monster has a chance to drop the rune directly!

7, the king of weapons hand tour

Featured content: the opening login sends 8888 real recharge, and the welfare is unprecedented! Log in every day to get a real charge card for free, and kill boss to get a real charge card indefinitely! Brand-new GM store, buy all 1 ingot! Built-in GM instruction can obtain the specified resources infinitely! Rich cross-service gameplay and brand-new fourth career make you feel a different legendary world! The brand-new welfare has made another breakthrough. Come and invite your brother to fight together!

8, a sword dragon hand tour

Features: A magical role-playing hang-up game. In the game world, warriors can quickly upgrade their level by completing the level challenge, and gain various equipment to enhance their strength through the leader challenge. With the progress of the game, various new ways of playing will also be unlocked. There are sacred animals, elves and powerful enemies from other places. Who can constantly break through the strength and become the Lord of Roland! Who can control the book of Meilin, which is regarded as a sacred art! Who will save the goddess and become the god king admired by all people! Kill the dragon with one sword, waiting for you to create a miracle!

9, winning the legendary silence retro mobile game

Featured content: A single professional gold-playing game, the classic version of "I am silent" is a brand-new genuine legendary mobile game. The game continues the classic legendary retro gameplay such as attacking sand with blood, digging for treasures, playing monsters and blasting, and at the same time, it also reproduces the unique features of the "I am silent" version. Land of silence, Qin Huangling, Water World and other characteristic maps are perfectly reset; The unique equipment such as broken coffin sword, emerald slaying dragon, curse king and domain suit is cool and cool! High-tech, casual gold, great experience, and continue the legend! Silent new version, take you back to the most memorable and refreshing legendary era!

10. The official version of the God of War in the new century.

Featured content: a brand-new version of Legend, adding various systems, subverting your cognition of the legendary game! Fresh, interesting, neither liver nor krypton! You can also exchange money, and civilians can become gods! Experience the real siege of 100 people! True blood and passion! Brothers, don’t wait any longer, and join this epic feast together!

Written at the end: Today’s introduction of Xiaobian is here. The above is all the contents of the single professional mobile game legend recommendation and the top ten in the 2023 single professional legendary mobile game list. I hope it can help your friends!

Pictured: Country Garden boss Yang Huiyan

Introduction: What is hidden behind the sudden abdication of the real estate queen, Yang Huiyan’s recent resignation and donation? Will Country Garden be the next Evergrande?

Sudden resignation news! Once "the first real estate enterprise in the universe"Yang Huiyan, the head of Country Garden, the queen of real estate,Suddenly announce one’s departureShake the whole market.

Is she flying in the past, is she now beingQuery on 6 billion donationsTroubled?Country Garden has a debt of 1.43 trillion yuan.This figure is staggering. Is it a precursor to the financial turmoil or a new reshuffle in the real estate industry?

People have been talking about her departure. What is the secret of the 6 billion donation? Does this herald a new change in the real estate market in China?

Has Yang Huiyan lost confidence in the future of the real estate market?The truth behind donating 6 billion yuan and leaving the company is full of doubts.

From Yang Huiyan’s departure, we seem to see the prologue of another era. Country Garden’s debt and donation figures make people full of expectation and curiosity about the future.

01. Country Garden has a debt of 1.43 trillion yuan and a huge loss of 50 billion yuan in half a year. Is it at the end of its tether or a new beginning?

Half a year lost 50 billion! Debt 1.43 trillion! This is an amazing figure in Country Garden’s financial report. Some people say that this is simply a "trailer" of a financial blockbuster. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts!

Country Garden East China Center Building

Real estate tycoons were shocked: "This is Country Garden!" Some people are worried, some people are secretly pleased, and others are sarcastic: "If Country Garden is at the end of its tether, other housing enterprises may not directly disappear on the map?"

A real estate expert excitedly analyzed:"This is a crisis and an opportunity!"Before his words were finished, he was dubbed as a "crisis expert".

Country Garden issued a statement saying: "Turn the crisis into vitality and forge a healthier Country Garden."In adversity, people are brave, and people are curious: what is hidden behind this?

On the other hand, regarding the explanation of donating 6 billion, some people nodded yes, while others shook their heads in disbelief. Laughter, discussion, questioning … The market has become a lively "vegetable market".

Yang Huiyan’s resignation is called "normal personnel adjustment"?An insider laughed and leaned forward and backward: "Country Garden is so fun!"

The investment tycoon said thoughtfully: "Don’t look at the storm now, maybe it will reverse in the next second!" Yes, this is the business world, which is always unpredictable.

Source: Country Garden Service Announcement

The data of annual report and financial report, the analysis of industry experts and various voices in the market form a colorful picture. The truth may be far behind the scenes, but the audience can’t wait to see the next scene of this drama!

02, loss of 6.052 billion yuan! Is it a crisis or a turn for the better in Country Garden?

Gee, what kind of storm is this? Country Garden’s annual report in 2022 is like a shocking bomb, which makes the whole real estate market feel a cold wind.The net profit loss was 6.052 billion yuan, down 122.6% year-on-year, which was the first loss since its listing in 2006!

Country Garden 2018-2022 Annual Report Balance Sheet

It’s like a roller coaster, falling all the way from the peak,Until 2022, the gross profit margin will drop to -0.69%.. Economist Liu Lei feels that,This is not just a problem of Country Garden, but a wake-up call for the whole industry..

Country Garden 2022 Financial Report

However, this roller coaster is not in the end. Dollar debt is still waiting to see, like a sword hanging overhead. Wang Qiang, the CFO of the company, is trying to balance, but the warning of analyst Chen Hua also echoes in his ears: "Be careful, the room for saving is decreasing.. "

So, what happened to Country Garden? What does its CEO Yang Huiyan think? sheIn the statement and the letter of apology, we frankly acknowledged the predicament, but stressed: "We will continue to optimize and ensure steady development."Whew, this is the power of faith! What about the unpaid interest on those two US dollar bonds?

Image source: prism

The investment community, however, looked further and invested in Zhao Steel.Compare Country Garden to Phoenix.: "The situation is grim, but there are still enough strengths and opportunities." His optimism echoes the belief of real estate expert Sun Tao: "In the long run, the prospects are still good."

of course，The market also has its voice.. The stock price fluctuated and the reaction was calm, which analyst Zhou Lin explained was a normal reaction. But who can foresee the future?

As for the colleagues, what are they whispering? Are you worried about your future, or are you calculating how to find opportunities from the crisis in Country Garden?

All this makes us think,Where will the future of the real estate market go?Does the crisis in Country Garden herald the change of the whole industry?

The storm caused by Country Garden’s annual report is far from calming down.Perhaps as market observer Yang Wei said, "The future of Country Garden is still worth looking forward to." But what kind of ups and downs and surprises will this future be full of?

03. The chain reaction of resignation: 30,000 people were laid off and 10.2 billion were cut.

Country Garden’s cost measures are like a big story. The 2022 annual report revealed that the number of employees in the company dropped sharply from 100,705 in 2021 to 69,932.The reduction rate is as high as 30.56%. There are countless stories behind the fate of every laid-off employee.

However, this plotIt’s not just staff cuts.. Marketing and promotion expenses decreased by 26.23%, administrative expenses decreased by 37.58%, and research and development expenses decreased by 34.58% year-on-year.The accumulated savings amounted to 10.242 billion yuan..

What kind of strategy are these numbers hiding? Is it a transformation or other bigger plans?

On the one hand,Country Garden saved 3.039 billion yuan in employee compensation expenses.The whereabouts and uses of the money naturally aroused widespread concern from the outside world.

The cost of each link has been greatly reduced. Are you preparing for the future, or are there other deep-seated reasons?

Source: futures research

It is also seen that the number of new projects in Country Garden is very different from last year, and the land price of rights and interests has also dropped significantly. This is a former real estate giant, and it is exploring a new way to survive.

Country Garden 2022 Financial Report

butInternal changesIt is also quite eye-catching.President Li Changjiang almost had a clearance sale.Is this a lack of confidence in the future market or other deep-seated considerations? On July 19th, he suddenly reduced his holding of 3,227,900 Country Garden services, leaving only 0.11% of the shares.Cash out of HK$ 28,247,200. Such an operation has caused widespread speculation. Is he making a bigger asset allocation adjustment?

Source: Country Garden official website

Country Garden boss Yang Huiyan was on July 30th.Set off a bigger wave. She announcedDonate the 6.4 billion Country Garden service equity to the Guoqiang Public Welfare Foundation in Hong Kong.. Remarkably, the founding member of this charity foundation is her sister Yang Ziying. Donation or prudent capital operation? This is an intriguing drama.

Source: Guoqiang Foundation promotional film

Is there a bigger change behind these moves? What is the price behind layoffs? The balance between human nature and profit has become a difficult problem in front of enterprises.

Zhang Ming, a well-known real estate expert, believes thatThis series of actions of Country Garden is the beginning of strategic adjustment.It indicates the future development direction of the enterprise.

Source: Guoqiang Foundation promotional film

At the same time, analyst Li Hua mentioned,Layoff is not only a simple cost saving, but also a change of corporate culture and strategy.This may be just a short-term strategy, and future performance will be a test.

However, there are also voices in the same industry who hold different views, such as Wang Qiang, a real estate practitioner.This is only a short-term strategy of Country Garden, and the real future needs time to verify.Perhaps there is really only time left to reveal this fascinating story.

Source: Country Garden

But perhaps this is the charm of this 100 billion-level "drama".

In any case, the future of Country Garden is full of unknowns. Its road of exploration will continue to attract our attention, and how to soar in the new era is still a challenge. Is it the end of the play or the beginning of a new chapter?

04. Can Country Garden Yang Huiyan fly against the wind? Arouse the reflection of the real estate industry leader.

"The house is the biggest need, and the real estate will fall down?" suchdoubtIt is bothering many people, especially those friends who have the need to buy a house. Now that real estate giants such as Country Garden and Evergrande are in turmoil, people can’t help asking: Is there a house to live in in the future? This bubble burst,Is real estate still reliable?

It’s not surprising to think so, after all.Buying a house is a great event in our life.. The change of Country Garden seems to tell us: "The housing market is not good, be careful!" Indeed, they used to be the best in real estate, but now they are flat.

Don’t panic, analyze first.First of all, the real estate market is indeed a bit turbulent.The data shows that the transaction volume of China real estate market in 2022 was month-on-month.It dropped by 15.6%, the market transaction volume is even moreIt fell by 24.7%. From domestic to international, many investors began to treat real estate investment cautiously, fearing that the bubble would burst.

Figure: In 2022, the transaction volume of China real estate market, Country Garden ranked first.

As a giant of China real estate industry,The crisis in Country Garden has aroused widespread concern in the international market.. The evaluation of the real estate market in China has also begun.Change from "high growth" to "high risk".

As of August 18th, Country Garden’s share price closed at HK$ 0.76, down 1.30%, and its latest market value was about HK$ 21.005 billion.

However, this alsoCan’t generalize, not all housing enterprises are the same.. After all, the real estate market has been changing, and market risks are normal. What’s more, many enterprises are already adapting to changes and looking for new ways of development.

Source: Country Garden Financial Report

Wang Shi of VankeStaring at the distance, the strategic analysis said: "The sea of real estate is hard for any single enterprise to shake, and I believe Mr. Yang Guoqiang will actively deal with the difficulties." Perhaps the real estate industry really needs to "cool down", advocate steady operation and avoid excessive expansion.

Xu Jiayin of Evergrande.It is frankly emphasized that the main development direction of the real estate industry in the future is "Rent and sell simultaneously”。 This view has sparked a heated discussion in the industry, arguing that the development of the leasing market will become an innovative way for real estate enterprises, reducing the pressure of buying houses and injecting new vitality into the industry.

Undoubtedly,The adjustment of Country Garden is also expressing a message.. Yang Huiyan announced that he would donate 6.4 billion shares to public welfare foundations, perhaps conveying a new development idea. This industry may need more social responsibility.Not only the pursuit of profits, but also the needs of the people.

Country Garden has a total debt of nearly 1.44 trillion yuan.

Will the real estate market fall into the cold winter? Or will it usher in a healthier development after the reshuffle of this storm?

However, we can’t simply deny real estate by the changes in Country Garden.After all, the house is a big event for every family.Real estate is not only an asset, but also a symbol of home.. Although the market is turbulent, it is also part of the adjustment of the industry.

Country Garden’s total assets are about 1.74 trillion yuan.

weDon’t just stare at the problem, but also see the opportunity.. In this change, some housing enterprises may be eliminated, but new opportunities will emerge. Ordinary people like us might as well pay more attention to see if there are better options for buying houses in the future.

Although the drama of Country Garden is eye-catching,There are many unknowns about the future of the real estate industry.. Perhaps it is these changes that make us see more possibilities in this field. After all, after the storm, there may be a better rainbow.

05, the house is not fried, Country Garden should be saved or saved!

Down-to-earth, let the people have a house to live in! The crisis and turmoil in Country Garden has triggered this wave of ups and downs in the real estate market, which makes people really confused!

Uncertainty is also full of hope. Country Garden, Evergrande and other real estate companies are trying their best to save the situation. But more should bear in mind:In the ever-changing market, only by maintaining flexibility, innovation and tenacity can we rise in adversity and create a better future.

Source: Country Garden official

What about us ordinary people? Do you want to wear sunglasses into the "Flame Mountain" of the housing market?

Don’t worry, we have to calm down.Don’t be driven crazy by the ups and downs of the market. The real estate market is like a roller coaster, rushing to the sky for a while and falling to the ground for a while. We have to take a long-term view, and don’t always try to be quick at the moment. We can’t act rashly in such a big event as real estate investment.

Source: "Anjia" stills

In this volatile market,Dare to "jump out of the comfort zone". As Hemingway said, "Courage is elegant."Change and risk are always accompanied by opportunities.In storm warning, it may be the key to open a new door to dare to challenge tradition and try different investment strategies.

Source: "Getting on the Bus Family" stills

but"Change" does not mean blindness, but being prepared.,Real estate policy should be kept in mind.. Just like the old saying "know yourself and know yourself", we should be in the market.Keep a keen insight.

When the policy moves, the market may be turned upside down. As soon as the policy changes, our house purchase plan will have to be adjusted accordingly, otherwise, we will jump around here foolishly.

Top 20 real estate transactions in the first half of 2023

Anyway, don’t forget.The real estate industry serves the people.. Don’t ignore people’s housing needs because of market fluctuations. Don’t be scared. Think about it. Is it more important to buy a house and live in a nest in the future?Z government and enterprises should take people’s interests into consideration and provide more suitable housing options for everyone.

Perhaps it is the real estate that has accumulated evil for a long time, which has caused many people to dislike real estate. They think that this industry is suffocating and should die, but can it afford such a big "evil in the world"? Xiao Bian still hopes that China’s real estate will pay less. The real estate market is like a roller coaster, with slopes and obstacles.

It is necessary to stabilize the purse and not be intimidated by the "wind and rain" in this market.. The real estate market is risky, so we should study it carefully and step on time.

What do you think of Country Garden, Evergrande and other real estate that have exploded one after another?Welcome to leave your comments in the comments section.

[Introduction]

Suffering from chronic diseases has become a daily routine in Chinese. According to the latest report of the World Health Organization, Chinese has17％Will die prematurely because of chronic illness, specifically, on average every10 secondsOne person suffers from cancer; Average per10 secondsOne person suffers from diabetes; Average per30 secondsAt least one person died of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Despite the continuous progress of medical technology, the situation of major chronic diseases is still not optimistic: the incidence of cancer ranks first in the world; The incidence of cardiovascular diseases continues to rise: the mortality rate of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease far exceeds the world level and the number of patients is close.100 million: the diabetic population has exceeded100 millionAnd keep growing.

Chronic diseases are the silent killers lurking around us.

Overdrawn life-the status quo of chronic diseases

Chronic disease, full name of chronic non-communicable disease.

Chronic diseases pose a serious threat to Chinese’s health. According to the World Health Organization’s 2020 global survey report on chronic diseases, the proportion of deaths due to chronic diseases in China has reached.89％The total death population is close to93 millionThe proportion of premature death due to chronic diseases has reached an alarming rate.17％. This means that about one in five people will end their original life course early because of chronic diseases.

Figure 1 Current situation of chronic diseases in China

　"Long course of disease and usually slow progress" is a major feature of chronic diseases. The World Health Organization defines chronic diseases as "health problems that need to be managed continuously for several years or decades". In 2020, the average life expectancy in China is 77.8 years, but the average life expectancy in health is about 69.2 years. In other words, residents have roughly8.6 yearsThe time to live with illness.

Hypertension and diabetes, which we are familiar with every day, are all covered by chronic diseases. Among all chronic diseases, cardiovascular diseases cause the largest number of deaths from non-communicable diseases, resulting in17.9 millionPeople died, followed by cancer (9 million), respiratory diseases (3.9 million) and diabetes (1.6 million). These four types of diseases account for all deaths from non-communicable diseases.80％.

Major chronic diseases

Cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes

In the summer of 2021, Zhou Ming, an employee of a big factory in a first-tier city and born in the 1980s, found himself suffering from liver cancer in his physical examination. After nearly a quarter of his liver was cut off by surgery, he chose to take only a few days off, dragging the unhealed incision and continuing to work without telling anyone in the company.

According to the latest statistics of the World Health Organization, there were 19.29 million new cancers in the world in 2020, including 4.57 million new cancers in China, accounting for 23.7% of the world, and the number of cancer deaths in China exceeded 3 million in 2020, all of which ranked first in the world.

Fig. 2 The prevalence rate increased in China from 1998 to 2007.

Middle-aged people like Zhou Ming are not alone. In the era of fast pace and high competition, high pressure and frequent staying up late seem to have become a tacit lifestyle popular among workers in the workplace and even academic dogs in colleges and universities.

In addition to the rising cancer incidence rate due to the aging society, the changes in living environment and lifestyle have also led to the signs of a younger cancer incidence rate in China, and the number of cancer patients aged 20-39 has increased significantly.Cancer is becoming a normal state of human life in the form of chronic diseases, but we don’t know how to deal with it.[3]

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases

　According to the data of National Cardiovascular Center, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in China is on the rise.

Calculate the number of patients with cardiovascular disease290 millionAmong them, there are 13 million stroke, 11 million coronary heart disease, 5 million pulmonary heart disease, 4.5 million heart failure, 2.5 million rheumatic heart disease, 2 million congenital heart disease and 270 million hypertension.

Since 2009, the mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases in rural areas has exceeded and continuously exceeded the urban level. In 2015, the mortality rate of cardiovascular diseases among rural residents was298.42/100,000Among them, the death rate of heart disease is 1.4479/100,000, the death rate of cerebrovascular disease is 1.5363/100,000; the death rate of cardiovascular disease of urban residents is 2.6484/100,000, of which the death rate of heart disease is 1.3661/100,000, and the death rate of cerebrovascular disease is 1.2823/100,000.

Figure 3 Estimated number of hypertensive adults in China

Figure 4 Crude death rate of heart disease in cities

Respiratory diseases

　COPD generally refers to chronic obstructive diseases. Although this term is unfamiliar to the public, COPD is the third leading cause of death in the world. In 2013, the number of deaths due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China was much higher than that due to lung cancer in China.

According to the survey data of China Adult Lung Health Research (CPHS) in 2018, the prevalence rate of COPD in adults aged 20 and over is 8.6%, and it is as high as 13.7% in adults aged 40 and over.For the first time, it is clear that the number of patients with COPD in China is nearly 100 million. COPD has become a chronic disease with hypertension and diabetes, which constitutes a major disease burden. The mortality rate of COPD in China is much higher than the world average.

In our country, every2.5 minutesOne person died of COPD, which has the characteristics of high prevalence rate, high incidence rate, high disability rate, high mortality rate, high economic burden rate and low awareness rate.

Fig. 5 Comparison of prevalence of COPD between urban and rural areas in China

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In recent years, the prevalence rate has increased, and the death toll has exceeded that of lung cancer.

According to the statistics of the top ten major causes of death in some cities and rural areas in China, respiratory diseases (including lung cancer) account for the fourth cause of death in cities and the third in rural areas. Due to air pollution, smoking, physical and chemical factors caused by industrial economic development, biological factors inhalation and population aging, the incidence of respiratory diseases such as lung cancer and bronchial asthma has increased significantly in recent years, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remains high.

Diabetes

Back in 1980s, the national epidemiological survey showed that the prevalence rate of diabetes in China was only 0.67%. According to the regional data of national disease surveillance in 2010, the prevalence rate of diabetes among residents over 18 years old in China is 9.7%. By 2013, when China scholars and the Journal of the American Medical Association published their research, the number of diabetic patients in China had jumped from about 92.5 million in 2007 to.100 millionThe prevalence of diabetes is approaching.12％.

From 2000 to 2016, the number of diabetic patients in China increased from 55,167,473 to 89,783,100, with a growth rate of 62.7%. By 2016, nearly 90 million people in Chinese had diabetes. In 2016, 140,000 people died of diabetes, of which 51% were men.The average annual increase is 2.16 million cases, with an increase of 6,000 cases per day, an increase of 247 cases per hour and an increase of 4 cases per minute.

Figure 6 Top Ten Countries in the Number of Diabetes Patients Aged 20 -79

Fig. 7 Changes of incidence of diabetes in China.

Urban-rural comparison

Focusing on the comparison between urban and rural areas, the prevalence of chronic diseases shows a trend related to the degree of urbanization.

According to the vertical comparison of urban scale, from four types of rural areas to big cities, the prevalence of chronic diseases is on the rise with the improvement of urban development. This means that,It is precisely where the economy is more developed and medical resources are more concentrated that people are more likely to suffer from chronic diseases.

Fig. 8 Comparative map of chronic diseases prevalence between urban and rural areas in China.

Figure 9 Changes of Chronic Disease Mortality in Urban and Rural Areas

Behind the wealth-the cause of chronic diseases

With the economic prosperity of China, millions of Chinese have successfully "lifted out of poverty", but it is accompanied by a "rapid change" in epidemiology.

The Lancet, the world’s top medical journal, systematically analyzed the disease burden of China in the past 30 years in a paper. The paper shows that the burden of diseases in China is changing, especially infectious diseases, and the maternal and child mortality rates have dropped significantly. However, the chronic diseases, mainly cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and cancer, have increased significantly, which has become the main cause of premature death in China.

There are also health risk factors that change with it. Hypertension, smoking, high-salt diet and outdoor air pollution are also the chief culprits of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and cancer. These bad habits are common and insignificant in life, but they unconsciously become a gray area, which spans the development process from "health" to "chronic disease".

:: dietary imbalance

Unreasonable dietary structure is an important factor to induce chronic diseases. According to the report of the World Health Organization, 4.1 million deaths can be attributed to excessive intake of salt/sodium every year, and 4.1 million lives are lost, which is equivalent to one fifth of the population of Beijing.

In the past 30 years, China has experienced a transition from the traditional dietary pattern to the western dietary pattern, with the consumption of grains and vegetables decreasing and the consumption of meat and packaged food increasing. With the continuous development and progress of the national economy, the sources of nutrients obtained by Chinese residents are more abundant, and the dietary quality has not been improved, but there is still a big gap between the overall dietary quality and the ideal dietary quality. This gap also leads to the huge challenge that people are still facing the rapid growth of chronic diseases such as obesity and hypertension while improving their living standards.

Zhang Bing, deputy director of the Institute of Nutrition and Health of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, pointed out that a reasonable diet is an effective means to prevent chronic diseases and promote health. Although in recent years, the state and relevant organizations have been vigorously promoting the implementation of the three reduction policies (reducing oil, salt and fat). However, in the latest "Report on Nutrition and Chronic Diseases of China Residents (2020)" press conference, Li Bin, deputy director of the National Health and Wellness Commission, emphasized that the unhealthy lifestyle of residents is still widespread-the dietary fat energy supply ratio continues to rise, and rural areas have exceeded the recommended upper limit of 30% for the first time. The daily cooking salt and oil consumption per family is still much higher than the recommended value. Chinese’s various dietary indicators still inevitably exceed the standard.

Fig. 10 Chart of Dietary Structure Series

Irregular work and rest

Sleeping late, staying up late, insomnia … Bad work and rest habits have also spread to counties and cities with the continuous advancement of urbanization. The average sleep time in Chinese has also shrunk from 8 hours a hundred years ago to today’s.6.8 hours. For every modern person, a healthy and adequate sleep time is increasingly becoming a luxury.

According to the data of China Sleep Research Association, bad work and rest habits will lead to an increase in the risk of some serious chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes and heart disease.

Fig. 11 Regional Distribution of Late Sleeping Party in China in 2018

Figure 12 Staying up late in different cities of China in 2021.

It can be found that the causes of staying up late in first-tier cities focus on work and refreshing; Second-tier cities have a strong tendency to work and rest irregularly, and the cause may be due to the complicated behavior, which is not specifically pointed out; The causes of the population’s late sleep in third-tier cities may point more to the urban sleeping environment. In the horizontal comparison of young people staying up late between cities, the rate of young people staying up late in new first-tier cities and first-tier cities is over 70%, while the data in second-tier cities, third-tier cities and below are lower than the first two, but the rate of young people staying up late here is also over 60%.

When irregular work and rest becomes a tendency of a group, it is hard for us not to think about whether this is the detailed embodiment of the negative impact of urbanization and globalization in the fast-paced era, and how we can resist the spread of bad sleep environment from the perspective of individuals, groups and even society, so that the whole of China can sleep peacefully at night.

Lack of exercise

　The World Health Organization points out that every year there are1.6 million casesDeath can be attributed to lack of exercise,

For Chinese, people are becoming more and more accustomed to sitting, instead of stretching their legs and moving around. With the advancement of urbanization, the degree of professional labor of people of all ages is generally reduced, and it is more and more convenient to travel. The popularity of electronic products has led to a general increase in residents’ static life time, a decrease in energy consumption, and an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, which directly leads to individual obesity and increases the risk of chronic diseases.

Figure 12 Leisure exercise of China residents.

Timely intervention-before suffering from chronic diseases

In fact,There is a "transition period" from a healthy state to a chronic disease.. It is also the state in this transitional period that determines whether an individual’s physical state returns to health or falls into the abyss of chronic diseases.

Taking the intervention of diabetes as an example, the pre-diabetic population is in a "transition period" from high-risk groups to diabetes. Pre-diabetes refers to people with impaired fasting blood glucose or abnormal glucose tolerance, but they do not meet the diagnostic criteria of diabetes. They have a high risk of illness, accounting for more than one-third of adults in China. If they are intervened through an appropriate lifestyle, they can be transferred to the normal glucose metabolism population; But if left unchecked, it will be followed by lifelong disease development.

Therefore, it is not only important but also necessary to intervene in time for people in transition. Grasping the transition period is to grasp the floodgate of the spread of chronic diseases.

Social forces-environmental improvement

　The control of diseases is not only the self-restraint of a certain group of people, but also the collective restraint of the whole society.

The World Health Organization has clearly pointed out that tobacco causes more than 7.2 million deaths every year (including deaths caused by exposure to second-hand smoke), and it is expected to increase significantly in the next few years. The personal behavior of tobacco use has also become an important issue in the field of public health because of its diffusion. With the arrival of Healthy 2030, the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the Tobacco Control Office jointly put forward the slogan "Healthy China must be a smoke-free China".

Thanks to the efforts of all parties in the tobacco control campaign, the adult smoking rate in China has also shown a good trend year by year.

Figure 13 National Adult Smoking Rate

Give priority to prevention and proceed from prevention.

The power of society is not only focused on tobacco control, but also committed to creating an all-round supporting environment. The National Health and Wellness Commission and relevant departments continue to take joint actions and promote in environmental governance, tobacco control, nutrition improvement, health education, physical fitness, medical care, etc., to build an all-round supporting environment and form a joint force for prevention and control.

Government power-macro planning

　We need to pay attention to the progress of chronic disease control and face up to the grim situation of chronic disease prevention and control. Fat group, second-hand smoke and unbalanced diet caused by less exercise … These seemingly very personal living habits have become a systematic project that needs public attention and government supervision when they are related to the health status of a huge population.

China Health Development Report 2030 attempts to outline a healthier and more comfortable blueprint for our future with indicators and plans covering from top to bottom. Now, with only nine years left before the goal, the development situation of chronic diseases is not optimistic-can we achieve this goal?

Figure 14

Whether it is social forces or government planning, the final specific behavior still has to be implemented by individuals.

In the Outline of Healthy China 2030 Plan, all indicators are also divided into advocacy indicators, anticipation indicators and binding indicators. Among them, only binding indicators are mandatory by the government. The big goals in the field of health are all non-binding indicators.

This means that everyone must take action on the way to Health 2030.

Authors: Li Xiaoxiao, Quan Yi, Ding Ruifan,

Instructor: Wu Xiaokun

School: South China University of Technology

Editor: Wang Jing

Data source:

[1] Li Chengfu; Liu Hongyan; Liang Ying; Henry Hui Wang; Li Qianhui, Study on International Comparison of Healthy Life Expectancy and Prediction of Healthy Life Expectancy in China [J], Journal of Demography, 2018,40(01)

[2] the harm of lack of sleep. China Sleep Research Association

http://www.zgsmyjh.org/ndjsp? id=156＃_np=107_1187

[3] National Cancer Center: The latest cancer report of China in 2019.

http://www.360doc.com/content/19/0130/00/52645714_812065860.shtml

[4] The Lancet, Mortality, Incidence and Risk Factors in China and Its Provinces from 1990 to 2017: Systematic Analysis of Global Disease Burden in 2017.

https://new.qq.com/cmn/20210106/20210106A0BJSW00.html

[5] Information of the annual meeting of chronic diseases in China.

[6] China Center for Disease Control and Prevention Nutrition Statistics Yearbook, National Death Monitoring System.