Millet： the first miscellaneous grain crop with ＂heavenly book＂

Ripe millet. Photo courtesy of the millet variety exhibition base in Lvdian, Yichuan, Henan

What was the staple food eaten by the ancestors of Mentougou in Beijing more than 10 thousand years ago? What did Qinghai people use to make noodles more than 4000 years ago? 6,000 years ago, the population of the Central Plains increased greatly for the first time because of what crops?

Archaeology has proved that the answer is millet, which is commonly known as millet.

Recently, Nature-Genetics published online the first high-quality pan-genome map of millet completed by Diao Xianmin, a researcher at the Institute of Crop Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. This study not only proved that China is the only origin of millet from the genome level, but also created a precise and efficient breeding method of millet genome, which laid a theoretical foundation and provided a technical path for cultivating breakthrough varieties.

Li Jiayang, a researcher at the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences and an academician of China Academy of Sciences, pointed out that this is the first high-quality map pan-genome in the field of coarse cereals, which is of special importance for future breeding applications. This achievement is not only another milestone in millet research, but also the best interpretation of "small crops, great achievements" and will bring important impetus to other crop research.

Identity change of millet

Millet belongs to the genus Setaria in Gramineae, which is the oldest domesticated crop in the world and the main crop formed in Asian/Chinese farming civilization.

The earliest millet found in archaeology appeared in the site of Donghulin in Mentougou District, Beijing, 11,500 years ago. There is no millet in Europe earlier than 3500 years ago.

Diao Xianmin, the correspondent of the paper, told China Science Journal that millet had long occupied the position of staple food in farming culture before the arrival of agricultural production system with high input (water conservancy, fertilizer and pesticide).

From Xia and Shang Dynasties to Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, millet has always occupied a primary position in grain. Especially in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, millet in the south developed unprecedentedly and reached the peak of historical prosperity. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, millet entered the first recession, and the status of rice and wheat rose, replacing the traditional status of millet, forming a pattern of southern rice and northern wheat, but millet was still the core crop at that time.

Since modern times, with the breakthrough of green revolution of wheat, rice and other crops, the advantage of millet as a staple food has been gradually weakened. "In fact, it is only nearly 40 years since millet changed from a big crop to a small crop." Diao Xianmin said that Heilongjiang was the largest millet planting province in China in the early days of the founding of New China. In 1978, the millet planting area in Heilongjiang Province reached 20 million mu, but now the total millet planting area in China is only 20 million mu.

However, millet, the kernel of millet, has high nutritional value, which makes it a popular miscellaneous grain.

In recent years, with the increasingly obvious problems of climate change, agricultural sustainability and food security, scientists have placed new hopes on millet with the characteristics of drought tolerance, barren tolerance, strong environmental adaptability, easy transformation and easy laboratory operation.

Diao Xianmin has been engaged in millet research since 1987, and has collected more than 1,500 materials of Setaria from more than 20 species. "China’s millet farm varieties and bred varieties are the most abundant in the world. There are about 27,000 farm varieties, and the breeding level is the most advanced in the world. "

Diao Xianmin said that in order to make better use of these materials, it is necessary to accurately identify the genotype and phenotype of millet. "Now, compared with other big crops, the yield level of millet is still very low. The yield per mu of millet is generally 250 kg ~300 kg without watering and fertilization; Typical high-yield fields have water and fertilizer, with a maximum yield of 700 kg. This is mainly because we have no clear understanding of the population structure, evolutionary relationship and history of wild species, farm species and bred species of millet. "

These problems include that the level of genomic variation of millet is not very clear, especially there is no information on structural variation; The information of resource phenotype identification record is incomplete; It is not clear which genes, segments and loci have been selected during the domestication and breeding of millet. "This requires us to study more deeply."

Draw the first miscellaneous grains "heavenly book"

"The research published now is actually a part of the above-mentioned big project and a by-product. It is not decided to do it in a short time, but with the deepening of research and technological progress, it has been integrated with breeding and production needs and accumulated for a long time. Research results." As the chief scientist of the national millet sorghum industrial technology system, Diao Xianmin hopes to thoroughly understand the millet crop, and cultivate better varieties on this basis, so that millet can play its due role in the grain system.

Because of this, millet has become the first crop with map-pan genome in miscellaneous grains.

The so-called pan-genome refers to all the genetic information of a species, while the graph genome contains all the structural variations in the genome of a species. In other words, the map-pan-genome is the clearest, most detailed and comprehensive genome information of a species that can be drawn by using the current science and technology, which is equivalent to the "heavenly book" of the species genome.

Diao Xianmin’s team analyzed 1,844 core germplasm resources such as wild millet, farmed millet and modern bred millet, assembled 110 high-quality genomes of millet and Setaria from scratch, drew the first genome variation map of Setaria, recognized the basic situation of millet resource variation, and systematically analyzed the genome variation during the domestication and improvement of millet.

He Qiang, the co-first author of the paper and a postdoctoral fellow at the Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, introduced that the species of Setaria could be clearly clustered by using high-magnification sequencing of 1844 core germplasm-foxtail millet and Setaria viridis. Among them, Setaria viridis is divided into 4 subgroups. Before Setaria viridis was domesticated into millet, there was an older subgroup C3, which was more geographically distributed and had stronger environmental suitability, which was of great significance for improving the environmental suitability of millet in the future.

Liu Xu, a researcher at the Institute of Crop Science of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and an academician of the China Academy of Engineering, said that this confirmed the theory of the single origin center of millet, namely the origin center of China, and was a typical representative of resource research using new technologies.

Not only that, they also studied how millet was domesticated and improved. He Qiang introduced that they identified a total of 4582 structural variations related to millet domestication, 152 structural variations related to millet breeding improvement, and identified 680 structural variation-related genes that were continuously selected in domestication improvement, which were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways such as reproduction, photoperiod, pigment and nitrogen utilization.

2023 is the International Year of Millet. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations believes that millet deserves attention and has a place in people’s dietary structure, because millet can grow in harsh climatic conditions, which can help solve the problem of food shortage. Contribute to a healthy diet; Climate resilience; There is much to be done in improving the livelihood of small farmers; Xiaomi trade can enhance the diversity of the global food system; There are many innovative uses in the fields of treatment and pharmacy.

Diao Xianmin believes that publishing the map of millet pan-genome is the best support of China scientists for the International Year of Millet.

Establish a breeding database

It is already a huge task just to map the pan-genome. However, the team of Diao Xianmin did not stop there.

"What is different from other work is that we have done a lot of phenotypic identification." Diao Xianmin said that they relied on 17 units to investigate the basic agronomic traits of 680 materials and 22 environments in 13 places across the country for 10 years, which is the real multi-year and multi-point experimental data.

"We not only investigated the common traits such as plant height, panicle length, tiller number and grain weight per panicle, but also studied the drought resistance, grain dropping, beige color and grain quality traits in germination stage, seedling stage and whole life cycle, and formed 68 traits and 226 groups of phenotypic data, which is actually a phenotypic group." Diao Xianmin said that they focused on more practical character identification related to breeding. For example, they made a three-year drought-resistance survey in Xinjiang, a three-year drought-resistance survey in Shanxi, and a drought-resistance survey in Hengshui, Hebei.

More importantly, they also docked the two big data, the map pan-genome and the phenotype group, and discovered a total of 1084 phenotypic-related loci, of which structural variation accounted for 5.8%.

Tang Sha, the co-first author of the paper and an associate researcher at the Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, told reporters that structural variation in the genome could not be seen before the genome was mapped. However, some important agronomic characters of millet, such as starch, flowering period and ear weight, are determined by structural variation genes.

"With these genes and their information, we can build a molecular breeding module. This information provides a method for genotype and phenotype mutual estimation and phenotype estimation by genotype, which is genome-wide selection breeding. " Diao Xianmin said that this is a database from which you can know what is the optimal gene for a certain trait. With this family background, good genes can be gathered together in breeding in the future, providing molecular and phenotypic basis for future breeding.

"This makes us more clearly see the importance of genome structural variation in discovering gene functions." Qian Qian, a researcher at the Institute of Crop Science of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and an academician of the China Academy of Sciences, said.

Han Bin, director of the Center for Excellence and Innovation in Molecular Plant Science of China Academy of Sciences and academician of China Academy of Sciences, said: "The phenotypic prediction accuracy of whole genome selection in this study is over 90%, which shows us the application potential of whole genome selection in millet breeding. I think this research is not only a classic work of’ pan-genome-quantitative inheritance-breeding’ in millet but also in crop field, which has important guiding significance for future crop genetic improvement. "

Related paper information:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-023-01423-w

Looking for romance in science fiction! Fuzhou Roadshow of Cosmic Exploration Editorial Department


1905 movie network news The national roadshow of the film "Recruitment Conference of Alien Liaison Officers on Earth" came to the sixth stop in Fuzhou, Fujian on March 23rd. The director, screenwriter, screenwriter and starring walked into the cinema and Fuzhou University to have close interaction with the audience. This coastal city located in the lower reaches of the Minjiang River is warm and humid, with evergreen seasons. The beautiful and rich mountains and rivers must be pregnant with many interesting souls, which can resonate with the unique frequency of movies.

At the event, the audience enthusiastically shared their feelings of watching movies. "Science fiction films can still be so grounded, this is called comedy!" "I didn’t expect serious nonsense to be so funny, which is very humorous with postmodern splicing structure", "Poetry and aliens really don’t contradict each other at all", and the audience sincerely said that "one brush laughed, and after two brushes, the friend cried and said: He is just looking for an answer. I also cried. " The audience’s love and support for the film also touched and encouraged the main creators. Director Kong Dashan said: "You see a group of people in the film have a rough road, but in fact we are much worse than them when shooting." "If you can get some comfort from it, I think it is the meaning of this film."

The film "Cosmic Exploration Editorial Department" was produced by, supervised by, directed by Kong Dashan, starring, and starring Wang Yitong and. At present, the pre-sale of the film has been officially opened and will be released nationwide on April 1.

"Laughter at the scene almost knocked the ceiling off" Fuzhou, the roadshow of the film "Cosmic Exploration Editorial Department", stood in science fiction looking for romance.

On March 23rd, the national roadshow of "Space Exploration Editorial Department" and "Recruitment Conference of Alien Liaison Officers on Earth" came to Fuzhou, the sixth stop. Director and screenwriter Kong Dashan, screenwriter and starring Wang Yitong continued to look for people with the same frequency at the end of the universe. When watching the movie, the laughter at the scene came one after another. "I haven’t seen anything so funny for a long time," one audience jokingly described, "The laughter at the scene almost overturned the ceiling." "The director creates an absurd sense of joy with the huge difference between the hero’s reality and ideal, but he makes no secret of his sympathy, like singing an idealist’s sad song in a light tone, so the audience can always taste the thick sadness while laughing, which is very attractive." Another viewer directly classified Cosmic Exploration Editorial Department as "absurd science fiction", saying that the film allows everyone to "capture the truth and love of human nature from seemingly absurd daily life". "When you think it’s a layer of scams, it turns out to be the only way to the truth," she said emotionally. "This may also be a unique romance and helplessness of this film."

Many viewers were amazed by the performance of Wang Yitong, the screenwriter and star of Cosmic Exploration Editorial Department, in the film. I hope he can "quickly publish a collection of poems" and say that he is not only "well written in poetry", but also plays a very attractive role. "Wang Yitong himself made me want to see Sun Yitong again," an audience immediately said. "Even if it’s just to listen to him recite poems in Sichuan dialect, I have to brush it again." In this regard, Wang Yitong said that he was actually writing a poem for Sun Yitong, who lived in a very limited environment, but "has been receiving cosmic signals", so he used the romantic form of "poetry" to express his feelings from "all kinds of chaotic information".

"Even if you fall to the ground, you should look up at the starry sky." Fu college students found a brand-new hidden egg and were praised by director Kong Dashan.

At the post-screening event of Fuzhou University, a classmate couldn’t wait to share her feelings with the main creators, as if the film had opened a new world for her. "Now the Internet likes to use’ science fiction movies’ to describe romantic love." Then remove the science fiction elements in the film. "I think this is still a real’ science fiction movie’ because it makes me feel the ultimate romance and I want to cry when I watch it." She said that she really liked the part where the leading group got lost in the jungle, which was very "Peach Blossom Spring". A few people walk along a winding path of a stream, which is very poetic. " Another sharp-eyed classmate found a brand-new hidden egg in the film the first time she watched the movie. Listening to her analysis, Director Kong Dashan nodded frequently and cast an approving look. "You are the first person to find it, and it is better than what I want to say. Thank you very much."

At the event, a senior three director also came. He said that he really liked movies and wanted to enter the Beijing Film Academy to become the younger brother of director Kong Dashan. He said excitedly that although "the exam was not very good, I once thought about it or gave it up, but I am very grateful to the director for this film, which has strengthened my belief in being a preparatory filmmaker." The founders were also touched by his words, encouraging him to stick to it, as another audience shared, "When someone finally achieved his dream, he not only lit up his own life but also lit up others’ lives". I hope everyone can find their own direction when they are confused, as a film review that director Kong Dashan likes very much said: "Please follow the guidance of what you love, because that is the answer."


Korean media criticized Korean dramas without textual research, humiliated China and encouraged anti-Korean sentiment.


　　The TV series Cain and Abel (I) has been criticized for depicting Shanghai, China as dark and backward. The TV series East of the Garden of Eden (Part II) once attracted attention because of its luxurious location, but it was criticized because the second half was too rough. /Chosun Ilbo


　　Wang Si, a special correspondent of the Global Times, reported that the Korean Chosun Ilbo criticized the recent "unverified story of insulting China" in South Korea, saying that unverified Korean dramas can only encourage anti-Korean sentiment.


　　Chen Junjie, press officer of the Korean Embassy in South China, said that he couldn’t help being angry after watching the SBS TV series Cain and Abel recently. He said: "Don’t screenwriters write works without textual research? Shanghai in the play is not so much the scenery in 2009 as the 1960s. It is unbelievable to describe a modern city like Shanghai as a backward old city. "


　　More and more people point out that a thorough textual research is needed to keep the Korean Wave flowing. A careless description of Japan, China and other neighboring countries will inevitably be condemned for "distorting culture and history". Korean media are worried that the export of Korean dramas will also be frustrated.


　　The Korean media quoted the Global Times report entitled "Korean TV series distorting China" in March this year, saying that the scenery of Shanghai, China in SBS TV series Cain and Abel was portrayed as a backward scene in rural China in the 1960s and 1970s. "There were even scenes in which violent gangs in China shot people in broad daylight and the police in China poured water on Su Zhixie for torture, which was totally impossible in reality."


　　Chosun Ilbo said that the film crew explained that Shanghai was described as dark and horrible in order to emphasize the plot in the play. Cain and Abel is a story in which an elder brother tries to kill his younger brother for his own inheritance. The film crew said that such a scene was made to "emphasize the suffering of the protagonist wandering in do or die", but China protested: "It is a distortion to make a TV series without textual research, and no matter how clever it is, it can’t be forgiven."


　　Korean historical dramas have also been criticized by China media. In SBS TV series "Yuan Gai Su Wen", there is even a "mistake" that Mao Zedong signed on the screen behind Emperor Yangdi’s seat. The Embassy of China pointed out that more Korean historical dramas were produced without interviews about the size of China Palace or the appearance of prisons. Therefore, some people even suggested that "a visiting program should be launched to organize Korean playwrights to come to China to learn about the culture and history of China".


　　The article also said that South Korea’s MBC TV series "East of Eden" earned about 5 billion won by export. At first, the play attracted attention for shooting the location of Macao directly, but in the second half, streets in South Korea replaced Macao to save production costs, which caused criticism.


　　In December 2008, the car chase and gun battle on the outskirts of Macao was broadcast, but its background was the winter scene in South Korea. Cui Yonghao, vice president of the Korea Cultural Industry Promotion Agency, said: "To continue to develop Korean TV dramas, we need to work hard on historical research and screen editing."


　　Chosun Ilbo appealed that in order to export Korean dramas to Asia, Korean screenwriters should also change their perspective of observing Asia, instead of describing Macau as a gorgeous gambling city and Hong Kong as a dark alley, they should actively understand and explain the history and present situation of Asian neighbors.

　　Related links:



  • Dissecting the psychological background of Korean dramas that insult China: tampering with history produces pride 2009-04-08

Editor: Peng Wei

It’s either high temperature or heavy rain! Flood control and high temperature prevention modes have been opened in many places across the country.

CCTV News:In the past two days, the high-temperature "roasting" mode has been opened in central and southern North China and other places. The Central Meteorological Observatory predicts that in the next three days, high temperature of 35 ~ 37℃ will continue to occur in eastern North China, most of the south of the Yangtze River, and central and eastern South China, and the local maximum temperature can reach 38 ~ 40℃.

Welcome hot weather in many places

Since the 26th, the temperature in Beijing has been soaring and the sun is scorching, and people are shouting "it’s going to be sunburned" when they go out. Citizens are "armed to the teeth", and umbrellas, clothes, folding fans and other items have become "artifacts" for shading and heatstroke prevention.

Shanghai also has a "high fever". Yesterday, Shanghai issued a high-temperature orange warning. The heat wave is rolling, and the mobile spray system is turned on on the Bund. The cold fog from time to time allows citizens and tourists to enjoy a coolness under the scorching sun.

The highest temperature in most parts of Tianjin exceeds 37℃, and the combination of high temperature and exposure brings inconvenience to people’s travel. Last week, most parts of Tianjin received rain, and the air humidity was high. This week, the high temperature hit, causing the weather to become sultry. Many travelers wore umbrellas and sun hats, and some plants along the road were also listless. Some residents used wet wipes to cool the exposed bicycle seats.

On the 27th, the Hebei Meteorological Observatory released the first high-temperature red warning signal this year. The highest temperatures in Baoding, Langfang and most parts of the south reached 37℃ to 39℃, and the highest temperatures in some areas exceeded 40℃. The heat waves rolled on the urban roads, emitting layers of steam from a distance. In view of the high temperature weather, relevant departments in Langfang, Cheng ‘an and Fengfeng, Hebei, sent summer products to outdoor workers, and took active measures to ensure water supply in summer to cope with the continuous high temperature.

The temperature in Dongying, Shandong Province has also reached 36℃, and citizens who travel have put on sunscreen tools. According to the forecast of the meteorological department, the weather in Dongying, Shandong Province will be mainly cloudy and sunny in the next few days, and the highest temperature will remain above 32℃.

From June 24th to yesterday (27th), Jiangxi Meteorological Observatory has issued high-temperature yellow warning for four consecutive days, and the highest temperatures in many places in Jiangxi have reached above 37℃. In these two days, the highest temperature in Ganzhou reached 38℃, and the number of pedestrians on the road decreased significantly. The citizens who rode bicycles wore sun protection products. High temperature weather also makes air conditioners and electric fans sell well, and some residents go to appliance stores to buy them early in the morning.

On the 26th, Fujian Province also ushered in hot weather, with the highest temperature in 36 counties and cities exceeding 35℃, and the highest temperature in 7 counties and cities exceeding 37℃. At 4 o’clock in the afternoon on the 27th, the average temperature in Fuzhou, Fujian Province has exceeded 35℃, and pedestrians who go out cover themselves tightly. Many parks and outdoor leisure places have significantly fewer tourists than usual.

Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan and Hubei will face heavy rainfall.

While many places in China are suffering from high temperature, some areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are welcoming rainfall. The Central Meteorological Observatory predicts that in the next three days, there will be heavy rains and local heavy rains in parts of Jiangsu, Anhui, southern Henan, northern Hubei and central and eastern China, accompanied by strong convective weather such as short-term heavy precipitation or thunderstorms.

In addition, there are many showers or thunderstorms in Inner Mongolia and Northeast China; There will be moderate to heavy rain and local heavy rain in Sichuan Basin and Northwest China.

Investigation on invisible housework of modern people in 2023

Original slot value and little sister slot value

"Why do family affairs without names become my work?"

In the animated film Crayon Shinchan, the words of Mama Meiya, which revealed the truth about invisible housework, expressed the voices of countless people.

Different from routine housework such as laundry and cooking, invisible housework is often not named, but it takes a lot of time and energy and has to be done.

Dust at the bottom of the sofa should be cleaned frequently, hand sanitizer and toilet paper should be updated in time, and family seasonal clothes should be washed, aired and stored …

Because it is relatively trivial and tedious, the time and energy spent on invisible housework are often ignored.

When people talk about invisible housework, they always involve topics such as giving, quarreling, value, distribution and helplessness. Some people call it "making a mountain out of a molehill", while others urgently say that "its value should be taken seriously".

We launched the "2023 Modern Invisible Household Survey" and invited 5210 adult men and women to participate in it. The following are the attitudes of TAs.

Women who think housework can’t be done at all,

Nearly three times that of men.

"How long does it take to do housework before you can have a clean and complete home?" On social platforms, the discussion about housework is very popular.

In the survey, we found that there are obvious differences between modern men and women on this issue.

Nearly 60% of men think that a family’s housework needs "2 hours or less" every day;

Women don’t agree with this: less than 40% think that they can finish housework in "2 hours or less" every day.

What is the general attitude of women towards the time-consuming problem of housework?

The answer was revealed: the number of women who "feel that housework can’t be finished at all" was the highest, reaching 24.82%, nearly three times that of men (8.37%).

Apart from men and women who live alone, "married women who live with their partners and children" do the most work, and more than half of them say that "housework is almost done by themselves".

An interesting phenomenon is that male friends often don’t apply this rule-

Among those who never do housework, "unmarried men living with their families" accounts for the highest proportion, followed by "married men living with their families".

On the whole, "married women" undertake more housework than "unmarried women" and "married men" undertake less housework than "unmarried men".

This situation also has clues in the keyword "housework undertaker".

In addition to "self/me", most people mentioned female elders such as mother and mother-in-law.

35.07% of men hold the view that "the housework is almost the same at home", while only 22.43% of women have the same idea.

In addition, the number of men who choose "I don’t know or haven’t noticed" is 1.6 times that of women.

Similar phenomena are not rare.

According to the fourth survey of women’s social status in China, the average total working hours of working women are 649 minutes, of which 495 minutes are paid.

At the same time, the time for women to take care of family members and cook/clean/do daily shopping is 154 minutes, which is about twice that of men.

Not only that, as netizen @ Qingshan shared: Many women in the workplace have to take care of housework after work.

According to the survey, 76.1%, 67.5% and 63.6% of children aged 0-17 in China are mainly taken care of by their mothers.

However, as more and more young people form families, TAs tend to reach a consensus on housework:

If you can’t decide on housework, look for cleaning.

Modern people’s attitude towards housework focuses on "forbearance".

Sweeping robots become the most popular "little helpers"

For modern people, doing housework is more like "passive trigger skills"-

The opportunity for over 8 adults to do housework is "unbearable", while 5 adults are "helpless".

It can only be said that the legendary "who works more depends on who can’t stand it" does apply.

Although we always talk about "who wants to do housework", 20% of our friends in the survey said: I like it!

TA people enjoy the state of doing housework, feel decompressed, and like the feeling of restoring cleanliness and order.

Of course, "I don’t want to do it" is in line with the aspirations of more people. In the selection of "favorite housework", the answer of the highest vote is concise: no, no.

In particular, the attitude towards "cooking" fully confirms the phrase "honey of A is arsenic of B"-

In the most annoying and favorite housework PK, cooking is on the list.

After 00, the little friend @ 京京京京京京京京京京京京京京京京京京京京京京京2014 Buying food, preparing food, cooking and washing dishes are not very good.

Life and work are stressful, and trying to "free your hands" is the right solution rather than enduring pain-

More than 7 adults said that they or their families had purchased related electrical appliances.

Among them, the most recommended and used are: sweeping robot, dishwasher and vacuum cleaner.

Netizen @peanut Passion Amway: sweeping robot, dishwasher, electric lifting clothes dryer and air freshener, four great inventions of invisible housework.

However, don’t accept Amway yet.

Many domestic experts shared their experience with us: sometimes electrical appliances may bring new problems.

"Sweeping robots and vacuum cleaners themselves need to be cleaned" and "Dishwasher washes dishes, I wash dishwashers" are the hardest hit areas, and other troubles may follow-

"The family feels useless."

"With tools, doing housework has become a matter of course."

"The more you buy, the more chaos at home."

Adult’s housework experience:

There are thousands of housework, and "children" account for at least half.

Although people pay more and more attention to gender equality and housework distribution, most families in China are still more traditional in housework distribution.

Women have done more work in washing/ironing/storing/drying clothes, buying food, cooking and taking care of children.

Men are more responsible for washing dishes, sweeping/sucking floors/mopping floors, taking out garbage, repairing electrical appliances/furniture, and taking care of their partners/elderly people.

The gap in "storing clothes" is particularly obvious: the proportion of men who have done this housework is 6.5%, while that of women is 90%.

The biggest difference between men and women who often do invisible housework is "tidying up the wardrobe in different seasons", with a gap of 34.25%.

In most families, the person responsible for answering "Where did you put the down jacket last winter?" and "What about my short sleeve last summer?" is a woman.

"There are millions of invisible housework, which can’t be finished in three days and three nights" is the common idea of this generation of adults.

Among the "invisible housework" added by everyone, the most frequently mentioned keywords are:

Children, baths and pets.

For the sake of children and hairy children, it may be used to summarize the lives of most adults.

The housework related to "bathing" is the most unexpected detail that everyone adds.

Netizen @ hakimi explained: It may involve helping children and the elderly to bathe, transferring and returning toiletries, removing mildew and wiping, scrubbing the floor and so on.

Children’s related housework is "an iceberg hidden under the water".

Children should wash bottles, wash toys, make complementary food and sleep when they are young; When children grow up, they should check their homework and prepare clothes for various courses …

The novice mother @Lynn mentioned: "Many mothers have heard the phrase" You will rest when your child sleeps "; But I don’t care, even if the child is resting, it is difficult for the mother to stop. "

Housework has a greater impact on women,

"Giving is not recognized" is the most maddening.

Affected by children, housework and other reasons, more than 30% of women said that their income has decreased.

Promotion, further education, promotion and other benefits are also "heavy losses".

Regardless of men and women, the biggest emotional trouble brought by housework is: the inequality between time and energy and the sense of gain.

Nearly 80% people feel that they are squeezed by housework for a lot of time and energy;

Family members do not cooperate, do not recognize, or even destroy, which makes people feel helpless, angry and collapsed.

Among the troubles about housework, one word is frequently mentioned: powerlessness.

"I tried my best, but I didn’t change it." "I promised to do it, but I always scribbled to deal with it." "I have to rework it when I finish it."

People who do housework are not only afraid of "not knowing the darkness at night during the day", but also "only themselves want to change from beginning to end"

"The housework is too complicated, the cutting is constant, and the reason is still chaotic."

Someone once suggested that "people who do housework should be paid a certain fee", and we also collected your opinions-

Among nearly 70 adults who choose "should", the proportion of women is 72.15%, while that of male friends is only 34.16%.

Differences in ideas and attitudes have led to quarrels. Seven adults revealed that there had been disputes and discussions about housework.

At the same time, nearly 6 adults said that quarreling did not solve the problem.

Disputes, cold war, breakup and divorce, after trying various schemes, many people, such as netizen @ hedgehog’s summer, can only sigh helplessly: housework is the hidden love killer.

Among those who "have never quarreled because of housework", the most common reason is that some people silently undertake, hire a nanny/cleaner, and share it equally.

TA’s suggestions on "invisible housework"

Who should do housework in a family?

Some people say that "men are careless and women are careful and suitable for housework" (we also launched a survey on this statement, and finally got some beautiful but not suitable words);

Some people also say that "a family doesn’t have to be so clear about who is doing it or not."

But in the long run, housework will inevitably become someone’s "obligation": one party has long been unable to face up to grievances and anger because of personal efforts; The other party’s business is irrelevant and hangs high, further intensifying contradictions.

How to change this situation? The TAs also gave their own suggestions.

For your answers, we also summarized the following key messages-

1. Avoid interference and substitution by elders.

@ Sweet Potato: When I live with my husband and children, my husband can still do a lot of housework after work. Since the mother-in-law came to take care of the child, she would silently do it for her or forbid him to do housework. It is easier to break the rules than to establish them.

2. Refuse to beautify housework as "obligation" in the name of love.

@ Rong: The husband and wife do it together, and whoever has time will do it. Life is hard enough, so don’t be internal.

3. We should also stress principles and stand firm on housework issues.

@ Yangyangyang: It is natural for one person to finish housework actively after the quarrel. In the long run, the problem will be more serious.

4. Don’t shy away from discussion and argument.

@ 芺?: Don’t give up because the quarrel is fruitless and the results are hard to maintain. The quarrel/discussion is essentially a communication. If you want to solve the problem, you must first ask the question.

5. Develop daily habits and start from "small"

@Fay: The previous generation of women did not think deeply, and this generation of women began to think deeply; What I can do is to educate boys to take on housework. Of course, this is a new housework.

-Write it at the end-

Thanks to all the friends who participated in the survey for providing us with real data and feelings.

Life is always a chicken feather, but it always has different ways to pick it up.

In the second half of the chapter on obscure family affairs in Crayon Shinchan, dad Hiroshi asked himself: Why can’t such a simple thing be done? Why?

How to thoroughly solve housework problems and the troubles caused by housework problems? As the old saying goes, "Honest officials can’t break housework", and housework problems in daily life can’t be avoided, and they can’t escape.

For all of us, what we can do may be to change the subconscious mind that housework belongs to those who can’t stand it, that housework belongs to those who have a living eye and that I’ll help you do it.

With housework, there is a home;

Instead of "having a home, there will be endless housework."

Original title: "Cohabitation is the collapse of the house, what murdered my love? 》

Read the original text

In Chess-Game 2016, the word ＂chaos＂ in the Middle East takes the lead, and many countries are involved in chess.

　　Cctv newsIn 2016, looking back at the situation in the Middle East, the word "chaos" was still at the forefront, and the war continued, and Syria and Iraq were undoubtedly the two main battlefields in this chaos.

　　On these two battlefields, there are threats from extremist organizations, contests between religious factions, wrestling between neighboring countries, and the game between great powers … … The complexity of the situation makes it difficult to see it clearly for a time. This game of chess in the Middle East is getting finer and finer. Among them, on the battlefield in Syria, many parties are strangling each other and their strength is changing, showing an obvious "robbery" situation.

　　Syria: "Robbery" chaos is like a big country wrestling

　　The so-called "robbery" in Go means that both black and white sides surround each other’s pieces. In this situation, if the round is white, you can eat a sunspot; If the wheel is dark, you can also eat a Bai Zi, and so on, there will be no solution in the cycle. This situation is quite similar to the development of the situation in Syria this year.

　　Beginning in 2016, the Syrian battlefield is still fierce. With the support of Russia, Syrian government forces gradually gained the upper hand against extremist organizations and opposition forces supported by the United States and its allies.

　　In view of the increasingly serious terrorist threat, there were signs of easing between the United States and Russia on the Syrian issue. With the opportunity of sending troops to Syria, Russia successfully forced the United States to return to the negotiating table, and the United States also became loose on the issue of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad’s stay.

　　On February 22, the United States and Russia reached an agreement on a ceasefire between the parties to the Syrian conflict. On March 14th, under the impetus of all parties, the Syrian government and the opposition held "substantive" peace talks in Geneva. But on the same day, Russian President Vladimir Putin made an unexpected statement.
　

　　Russian President Vladimir PutinI believe that the Ministry of National Defense and the armed forces have generally completed the tasks assigned before, so I ordered the Ministry of National Defense to withdraw its main forces from Syria from tomorrow (March 15, 2016).

　　In September 2015, Russia officially announced that it would send troops to Syria and carried out several rounds of air strikes against extremist organizations in Syria. Before Russia’s intervention, the Syrian government forces were at a disadvantage in the confrontation with the opposition armed forces and extremist armed forces supported by the West, and the Bashar regime was in jeopardy. After Russia intervened, according to Putin, the Syrian government forces "made a fundamental reversal in the fight against international terrorism". On the occasion of successive victories, Putin suddenly announced his withdrawal, which seems unreasonable, but Russia’s entry and exit on the Syrian battlefield is of great significance.

　　Li Shaoxian, Dean of China Arab Research Institute of Ningxia University.Russia forced the United States and Russia to seek dialogue and cooperation through military actions. In fact, his announcement of withdrawal did not stop military operations in Syria. At the same time, he still said that the action against extremist organizations in Syria would not stop. In fact, he won himself the initiative, and he could attack and retreat.

　　The secret of "robbery" lies in transformation. Although Russia has withdrawn its main forces from Syria, it has no intention of strategically withdrawing from the Middle East, and still retains a certain military strength in Syria. Russia hopes to negotiate with the United States, but if the United States refuses to negotiate or lacks sincerity, Russia’s reserved successors can continue to "rob the dispute" at any time and force the United States to deal with it.

　　On August 16th, Russia made another move in the Middle East. For the first time, Russian warplanes took off from Hamadan Air Force Base in Iran to carry out air strikes against extremist organizations in Syria. This was also the first time that Russia used a third-country military base to attack extremist organizations in Syria.

　　The power contrast between Russia and the United States in the Middle East has quietly changed. Earlier, Russia delivered the S-300 air defense missile system to Iran, and this cooperation between the two countries has made the United States feel like a sore throat.

　　The entry of Russian military forces into Iran is also enhancing the strategic position of Iran, a Shia power, in the Middle East, which also scares Saudi Arabia, a Sunni power that is a traditional power in the Middle East and a "deadly enemy" of Iran. The combat knife that Putin waved this time not only pierced the United States, but also deeply stabbed Saudi Arabia.

　　In addition to Iran, Turkey, which shares a border of more than 900 kilometers with Syria, has never withdrawn from the game of chess in the Middle East. In 2016, at the critical stage of the development of the situation in Syria, Turkey’s relations with the United States and Russia have undergone dramatic changes.

　　Turkey guards the main throat of Russia going south, and it is also the only channel from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea — — Bosporus Strait and Da Daniil Strait are an important link in the anti-terrorism layout of the United States in the Middle East, and they are also NATO’s eastern defense lines to contain Russia. However, the seemingly solid relationship between the United States and Turkey changed after an attempted coup in mid-July. Turkey asked the United States to extradite Gulen, a religious figure suspected of inciting a coup, but it was rejected by the United States, and the relationship between Turkey and the United States gradually faded.

　　At the same time, Turkey and Russia are rapidly approaching. In November 2015, a Russian Su -24 fighter plane was shot down by Turkey on the Turkish-Syrian border, and the relationship between the two countries deteriorated rapidly and once fell to freezing point. In June this year, Turkish President Erdogan sent a letter to Putin, apologizing for shooting down the fighter plane before. Subsequently, the relationship between the two sides quickly warmed up.

　　Although Karlov, the Russian ambassador to Turkey, was assassinated on December 19th in full view of the public, this shocking event did not "reverse" the warming Russian-Turkish relations, but instead urged the two countries to "stand together" more closely. In the complicated chess game in the Middle East, Russia and Turkey need each other and borrow from each other, which is the fundamental reason for the two countries to eliminate interference and get close quickly.

　　Turkey and the United States have been at odds from close allies, but they have been talking with Russia from a distance, which is intriguing. On a black-and-white disk, the color of Turkey becomes bright or dark.

　　On August 24th, in the border area between Syria and Turkey, an elite Turkish army crossed the border into Syria in a high profile. Turkey declared that the move was aimed at cracking down on extremist organizations, but it implied a "dark chess". Just after Turkey sent troops to Syria, the TV station Russia Today simulated and formed a "Syria Crisis Chat Group", which reflected the most realistic interest entanglement among Turkey, the United States and Russia in the form of simulated dialogue.

　　Russia:Should we try diplomatic means to solve the problem?

　　US Vice President Biden:We supported the actions of the Turkish army, and we also dispatched fighter planes to cover it.

　　Turkey:By the way, we also fight against Kurdish armed forces.

　　Kurdish armed forces:America, help! Aren’t we allies?

　　United States:This is a complicated negotiation process. Please step back first.

　　This huge chessboard in the Middle East is never as simple as the game between Sunspots and Bai Zi, and there are never only two players in the Middle East, the United States and Russia. Faced with the opportunity of restructuring the Middle East, regional powers are competing in succession, and the entanglement of interests also makes this chess game more and more complicated. In the face of multi-party wrestling, the United States and Russia have to pause here before they can continue the game.

　　Syrian battlefield: the conflict between the United States and Russia intensified behind the middle-set fight against Aleppo

　　In the autumn of 2016, the layout of all parties in the Middle East has taken shape, and the chess game in Syria has also entered the middle stage.

　　On September 10, the United States and Russia reached an agreement on the cessation of hostilities between the Syrian parties again, but the agreement soon became a dead letter. The United States and Russia accused each other of breaking the agreement, and the contradictions between the two sides intensified again.

　　It is not surprising that the ceasefire failed and the agreement was destroyed. In the face of the practical interests of the Middle East, Russia and the United States obviously prefer "fighting".

　　In October, the fighting in many places in Syria, especially in Aleppo, a major town in the north, rose sharply.

　　The war in the past four years has ravaged this beautiful ancient city, which was built in the 6th century BC and is considered as one of the oldest settlements in human history.

　　However, Aleppo, which is in ruins, is a "battleground for military strategists" — — Aleppo is the economic center and the second largest city in Syria before the war. It is located in the west of Syria, about 45 kilometers away from the Syrian-Turkish border, where Syrian government forces, Syrian opposition armed forces, Syrian Kurdish armed forces and extremist organizations are intertwined.

　　The competition between Syrian government forces and the opposition in Aleppo is becoming increasingly fierce. In a series of siege and anti-siege tug-of-war, the Syrian government forces gradually gained the upper hand, besieged the opposition forces in the eastern part of Aleppo and continuously reduced their sphere of influence.

　　Near the end of the year, the Syrian government forces made significant progress. On December 22nd, the Syrian military announced that it had completely recovered Aleppo. After four years of Aleppo campaign, Bashar regime has become more active and has more obvious advantages in the domestic battlefield.

　　In chess, there is another trick called "pressing", which, as the name implies, is to press the opponent’s chess pieces at a low position, so as to gain momentum and stand out for yourself.

　　In October, Russia announced the deployment of the S-300 air defense missile system in Syria. On November 15th, Russia’s only active aircraft carrier, Kuznetsov, took all carrier-based aircraft and other weapons and equipment to the Mediterranean Sea to join the campaign against extremist organizations in Syria. With the cooperation of Russia, the Syrian government forces have won successively.

　　In the face of Russia’s "continuous pressure" situation, the United States responded hastily and opened up another battlefield — — Raqqa, the so-called "capital" of extremist organizations.

　　Raqqa is located in northern Syria, 160 kilometers away from Aleppo. Raqqa province, where it is located, borders Turkey and has an important strategic position. Raqqa is the main hiding place of extremist organizations, and it has fallen into a tight encirclement and is like an island.

　　The United States expected to open up the battlefield in Raqqa and relieve the pressure of Syrian rebels trapped in Raqqa, but the situation did not develop as expected by the United States. The main force to attack Raqqa is the Syrian Democratic Army led by Syrian Kurdish armed forces. Although Kurdish armed forces are supported by the United States, they have always been a thorn in Turkey’s side, and the United States is caught between the two.

　　At present, the progress of Raqqa recovery war tends to be slow. Syria’s "Motherland" newspaper believes that the "half-hearted" military action of the United States in Syria is not to eradicate extremist forces, but to attempt to aggravate the chaos by proxy and accelerate the division of Syria. The recovery of Raqqa is nothing more than a propaganda war.

　　Under the tearing of all parties, the danger of "fragmentation" in Syria is growing. The situation in Syria, chess to the middle, is as complicated as ending.

　　Similar to Syria, another war in Mosul, a city in northern Iraq, is also fierce and intertwined. But in contrast, the picture of Mosul campaign is clearer than that of Syria. In the chess game on the battlefield in Iraq, the start of 2016 is quite clear. Compared with the decline of the Iraqi army in the face of extremist organizations two years ago, in 2016, the multi-party encirclement and suppression of extremist organizations continued to advance. It is imperative to recover Mosul.

　　Moreover, at present, the contradictions among various parties in Iraq are prominent, the people’s voice for reform is rising, and the government urgently needs a victory to win more trust.

　　Iraq: Mosul recovery war starts, and the undercurrent of the United States and Russia surges.

　　In the early morning of October 17th, local time, the campaign codenamed "Here We Come, Nineveh" was held in the base camp of extremist organizations in Iraq — — It officially started near Mosul. For more than two months, the Iraqi Joint Action Force has been advancing from the east, south and north, recovering many villages and entering Mosul from the east. It is worth mentioning that in the battle of Mosul, the United States personally took the lead, the US military directly participated in air strikes, and heavy vehicles and helicopter gunships also appeared many times.

　　The Obama administration’s term of office is coming to an end, and Mosul has also become the anti-terrorism legacy that this US government hopes to leave behind.

　　In the Middle East chess game in the United States, the battle of Mosul has the function of "killing two birds with one stone". The campaign to recover Mosul mainly started from the east, north and south, leaving only a gap in the west.

　　Russia’s "Independent" believes that this move is to "drive" extremist organizations to Syria, intensify the situation in Syria and weaken the strength of the Syrian government. Public opinion believes that this is also the hope of the United States to compete with Russia for the right to speak in the Middle East.

　　On the battlefield in Iraq, the United States has a clear layout, but it is not easy to play this chess game. As early as before the Battle of Mosul, Turkey, Iraq, Kurds and others began to quarrel over the control of Mosul, hoping to fill the power vacuum left by the defeat of extremist organizations, which also made the original complicated situation more confusing.

　　Turkey’s "uninvited arrival" did not surprise the outside world. Previously, although the Iraqi government repeatedly reiterated its opposition to Turkey’s cross-border entry into Iraq, Turkey sent troops to the Turkish-Iraqi border and stationed troops near Mosul.

　　Why does Turkey have to send troops? Like Turkey’s purpose in sending troops to Syria, its "heart knot" is still Kurds.

　　In addition to the Kurds, the infiltration of Iranian forces is another worry of Turkey. Although Iran claims that it was not directly involved in the Mosul war, its influence on the Shiite-led Iraqi government cannot be underestimated.

　　Turkey joined forces with Saudi Arabia, Iran’s sworn enemy, to stop the rapid growth of Iranian Shiite forces on the battlefield in Iraq.

　　The war is still going on, and the outcome has not yet been determined, but there is no doubt that all forces have their own plans for the future of Mosul and have begun to exert their strength. It is hard to predict who will go in and who will go out.

　　2017 is coming, and the United States, Russia and other regional powers, which have played fiercely in the Middle East chess game for one year, are gradually becoming clear about the political division in the Middle East as the parties settle down on the chessboard in the Middle East, but how to move the following chess path still makes all parties quite headache.

　　When will the "official son" stage come to the United States and Russia or welcome the new year?

　　In the face of the current chess game in the Middle East, what worries Russia most is that it is stuck in the quagmire of the Syrian war.

　　However, Russia has never been absent from the Middle East crisis. Whether it is the veto vote on the Syrian crisis resolution in the Security Council, the mediation behind the ceasefire agreement, or the military operations still being carried out with the Syrian government forces, Russia has always shown the world its influence in the Middle East.

　　The term of the Obama administration in the United States is coming to an end. In 2017, what changes will happen to the United States in the Middle East chess game depends on the choice of President-elect Trump. Trump once expressed his position on the situation in the Middle East.

　　US President-elect TrumpWe spent $6 trillion in the Middle East, which is enough for the United States to rebuild twice, but look at our roads, bridges and tunnel airports. If I represent some kind of denial, it is a denial of the long-term political situation in the United States.

　　Since western scholars began to call this land "Middle East", it has always been the battlefield of the game between big countries. The sharp change in the pattern of the Middle East in 2016 reflects the evolution of the world trend. America’s strategic eastward shift is bound to limit and reduce its investment in the Middle East. In order to reduce investment and maintain its dominant position, the United States’ Middle East policy is facing great confusion and entanglement, and many changes in the Middle East are rooted in this.

　　In the new round of "competition" in the Middle East, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Iran and other regional powers are undoubtedly the protagonists standing at the front desk.

　　However, these big countries, which are either intransigent or strange bedfellows, have their own strengths and weaknesses, and no one can completely dominate the regional situation. In the words of John Mill, an expert on Middle East issues at the Jamestown Foundation in the United States, "In the Middle East, there are always people who think of themselves as brilliant players with fire, because the powder keg here is so dry that even a spark may cause a violent explosion, and they will regret it when they are bombed ‘ Why should I strike that match ’ 。”

　　It is difficult to rebuild political order, and the chaos in the Middle East may continue.

　　In 2016, the situation in the Middle East has undergone historic changes: Islamic extremist forces represented by extremist organizations have sprung up in the Middle East, Iraq and Syria have actually become fragmented, Egypt has lost its position as the leader of the Arab world and was replaced by Saudi Arabia and Turkey, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has been marginalized, and Iran has risen rapidly. The United States can’t stop in the Middle East, and Russia has returned to the Middle East strongly. The chaos in the Middle East remains the same, but the pattern has changed greatly.

　　Dominique, special adviser of the French Institute of International Relations? Moisi pointed out that "the Middle East will not easily overcome the profound differences in the region. It is disintegrating under our eyes. " It is difficult to restore the original order and rebuild the new political structure. I am afraid that the chaos in the Middle East will be long-term and complicated.

How to construct the basic institutional arrangement of primary distribution, redistribution and tertiary distribution coordination

　　Author: Song Xiaowu (Professor, China Institute of Income Distribution, Beijing Normal University)

　　Since the reform and opening up, we have learned from the experience and lessons of developed market economy countries, combined with the actual situation in China, and after arduous exploration, we have initially established a socialist market economy distribution system. Since the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee has repeatedly reiterated its adherence to the distribution system with distribution according to work as the main body and multiple modes of distribution coexisting. In 2019, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee adopted the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Several Major Issues Concerning Upholding and Perfecting the Socialism with Chinese characteristics System and Promoting the Modernization of the National Governance System and Governance Capacity, which juxtaposed the distribution system of "distribution according to work as the main body and coexistence of various modes of distribution" with "socialist market economic system" and "public ownership as the main body and common development of various ownership economies" and raised it to a basic socialist economic system. Practice has proved that the distribution system with distribution according to work as the main body and coexistence of various modes of distribution has greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of enterprises and employees and provided a basic platform for the sustained and rapid growth of China’s economy, which we should adhere to for a long time. At the same time, we should also see that in the field of distribution, the problem of imbalance is increasingly prominent and the problem of inadequacy still exists. On the road to common prosperity, how to further deepen the reform of the distribution system and build a coordinated income distribution system of primary distribution, redistribution and tertiary distribution is a new challenge.

　　Primary distribution, redistribution and tertiary distribution are closely related to each other, and each of them follows different principles. Primary distribution is the foundation. Under the condition of socialist market economy, the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources. Labor, land, capital, technology, management and data should all be allocated by the market, and each should be rewarded according to its contribution. The secondary distribution is based on the primary distribution. Without the reasonable and legal primary distribution of income from all walks of life, it is difficult for the country to establish a standardized secondary distribution system including basic social security, taxation and financial transfer payment. The third distribution should encourage and guide high-income groups to enhance their sense of social responsibility, actively participate in and set up social welfare undertakings, and it is based on the initial distribution and redistribution. We can imagine that if the initial distribution still allows enterprises to eat from the same pot as the state and employees to eat from the same pot, and egalitarianism prevails, there will be no third distribution.

　　Some people think that "the initial distribution depends on the market, the redistribution depends on the government, and the third distribution depends on voluntariness". This summary is concise and easy to remember, but it is also somewhat simplified. In terms of initial distribution, if the market system is relatively mature and sound, there is no big problem with the formulation of "initial distribution depends on the market" in principle. However, China has turned from a planned economy to a socialist market economy, and the market system construction, especially the factor market construction including labor, is still not perfect. For example, the urban and rural household registration system and the basic public service system closely related to it have divided the labor market, resulting in the income of nearly 300 million migrant workers being depressed for a long time. Obviously, the initial distribution of migrant workers can not be simply solved by the individual labor contract relationship such as independent employment of enterprises and independent employment of migrant workers. The deep-seated problem is how the government can further break the administrative division between urban and rural areas and accelerate the cultivation of a unified labor market. In 2020, the central government issued the Opinions on Building a More Perfect System and Mechanism for Market-oriented Allocation of Factors, proposing to deepen the reform of the household registration system, smooth the channels for settlement, "explore and promote the cumulative mutual recognition of the years of household registration in the same city in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and other urban agglomerations", "liberalize and relax the restrictions on urban settlement except for a few megacities, and try to register the household registration system with the habitual residence", "establish a mechanism linking basic public services such as urban education, employment and entrepreneurship, medical and health care with the permanent population,Promote the allocation of public resources according to the size of permanent residents. " Implementing the above policies and measures will greatly accelerate the process of urbanization of migrant workers and is of great significance to narrowing the income distribution gap. For another example, it is also an indispensable responsibility of the government to adjust the minimum wage guideline, strengthen the supervision of the labor market, and provide public services for employment.

　　"Redistribution depends on the government" is no problem in principle. Basic social security, taxation, financial transfer payment and other redistribution systems are implemented by government legislation. China has established a social security system covering the whole people, exempted agricultural taxes and reduced the burden of corporate taxes and fees during the epidemic period, increased support for poor areas such as the old and the young through financial transfer payments, and promoted the equalization of basic public services, and made great progress in secondary distribution. The problem now is that China’s redistribution system has not played a sufficient role in stabilizing the initial distribution gap. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, in view of the prevailing social background of egalitarianism, it was proposed to introduce the incentive principle of initial distribution into redistribution, which was understandable under the historical conditions at that time. After 40 years of reform and opening up, great changes have taken place in China’s social and economic life. While creating a miracle of rapid economic development, many problems have gradually accumulated, among which the gap in income distribution is very prominent. In this case, the reform of the basic social security system in the 14 th Five-Year Plan and the next period should emphasize and improve its fairness and mutual assistance. In terms of tax system, the proportion of direct taxes in China is still low, in which the highest marginal tax rate of labor remuneration is higher than the capital income tax rate. Among the direct taxes in China, the property tax, inheritance tax and gift tax, which are mainly aimed at flow income and adjust the gap of stock property, have been brewing for many years and have not been introduced. Long-term accumulation will certainly enlarge the wealth gap of residents.Therefore, during the Tenth Five-Year Plan and in the future, the focus of government redistribution should be on stabilizing the excessive gap in initial distribution.

　　The formulation of "three distributions depend on voluntariness" is not rigorous enough. Voluntary donation is certainly worth promoting and affirming. In 2016, China promulgated the Charity Law, which clearly stipulates that "charity activities should follow the principles of legality, voluntariness, honesty and non-profit", and "the state encourages and supports natural persons, legal persons and other organizations to practice socialist core values, carry forward the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation, and carry out charity activities according to law". The third distribution is still in its infancy in China, and there is still a big gap between the per capita donation and that of developed countries. However, the number of billionaires has surpassed that of the United States, ranking first in the world. From the international experience, if there are no taxes such as inheritance tax and gift tax, it is difficult to develop the three distributions in a standardized way only by propaganda and moral inspiration. With the platform of inheritance tax and gift tax, at the same time, giving tax incentives to charities and other social welfare undertakings, establishing institutional mechanisms conducive to the healthy development of charitable organizations and strengthening supervision and management, the three distributions can be more fully developed.

　　To sum up, the primary distribution focuses on mobilizing the enthusiasm of market competition at all levels of society, so that all sources that can create wealth can fully emerge. Redistribution focuses on the equalization of basic public services, correcting the "Matthew effect" of the market and laying a solid foundation for social stability and sustainable economic development. The third distribution focuses on charity and public welfare, so that the fruits of economic development can better benefit all citizens. The distribution system in these three areas should be adjusted and combined according to different stages of economic and social development. It is the basic platform to realize common prosperity to build a distribution system with different emphases and internal connections.

　　Guangming Daily (October 9, 2021, 02 edition)

Holiday ticket seconds？ 12306 responds to the difficulty of grabbing tickets： this year is more difficult than previous years.

According to China National Railway Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.), this year’s Mid-Autumn National Day Golden Week railway transportation will last for 12 days from September 27th to October 8th, and the national railways are expected to send 190 million passengers.

On September 13th, Railway 12306 began to sell train tickets for Mid-Autumn National Day Golden Week.

How can it be so difficult to grab tickets!

On September 14th, as the Mid-Autumn Festival approached, many netizens joined the army of grabbing tickets in advance and began to snap up the train tickets on September 28th.

During the snap-up, some netizens’ tucao system showed that the remaining tickets were sufficient, but they still had to queue up to buy, "711 people lined up in front"; Some netizens questioned whether third-party software grabbed tickets and occupied the "pit position" of ordinary users.

In this regard, 12306 customer service said that there are still enough tickets to queue up because there are too many users who place orders at the same time. 12306 has a fixed time to open ticket sales, and will not sell tickets in advance for third-party software.

For users who have not bought tickets, the customer service said that it is indeed more difficult to grab tickets this year than in previous years. It is recommended to join the standby immediately and wait for other users to change their tickets or refund their tickets.

In addition, in the case of a large number of passengers, the high-speed train may also be changed from 8 cars to 12 cars, and the alternate ticket purchase can buy tickets faster.

The success rate of 12306 standby ticket purchase is 75%

Regarding the Mid-Autumn Festival and the National Day holiday, China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd. responded to the question of whether some popular train tickets will run out of seconds.

1. Is the transportation capacity guaranteed during the peak holiday passenger flow?

A: In view of the peak passenger flow during the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day holiday this year, the railway department will scientifically allocate transportation resources and increase transportation capacity. The national railways will implement a peak operation chart, and the daily average passenger seating capacity is expected to increase by 18.5% compared with the same period in 2019. Mainly take the following measures: First, extend the golden week transportation period, reaching 12 days before and after, and the transportation period exceeds the golden week over the years. The second is to open 320 through passenger trains across the Railway Bureau Group, including 214 EMU trains (including 200 night high-speed trains) and 106 ordinary passenger trains. The third is to increase the number of passenger seats in popular directions by means of reconnection of EMUs and adding carriages to ordinary passenger trains. In principle, the directions of entering Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou are full-scale or full-grouped. Fourth, according to the ticket sales data of Railway 12306, each railway bureau group company flexibly increased the number of passenger trains in the pipeline.

2. If there is a sudden large passenger flow, how does the railway department respond?

A: The railway department has reserved hot-standby EMUs, ordinary passenger trains and vehicles and crew members at major hub nodes in the country, the number of which is not less than the May Day holiday. Once there is a sudden passenger flow, it can be put into operation at any time to meet the travel needs of passengers.

3. What are the tips for purchasing tickets?

A: The railway department predicts that the peak of ticket sales during the Mid-Autumn National Day Golden Week this year will appear on September 15th, when tickets for the first day of the September 29th holiday will be sold. It is expected that Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Suzhou, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chengdu, Xi ‘an and other cities will become popular areas for tourists to start and arrive. In addition, Hangzhou will host the Asian Games during the Golden Week, and it will also become a popular destination for high-speed rail travel.

4. During the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day holidays, will there be a "second light" phenomenon in some popular train tickets? Why did this happen?

A: During the Golden Week, passengers’ travel demand "bunched up", resulting in tight transportation capacity in some areas and time periods. Especially on some popular routes, some trains with more suitable departure and arrival time and shorter travel time are the first choice for many passengers. When these train tickets are on sale, because they are highly concerned by the majority of passengers, passengers and friends will choose 12306 online ticket purchasing, mobile App, station window and other ticketing channels to "grab tickets" quickly, and there may be "second light" phenomenon.

5. Why does the 12306 ticketing system of the same train show that there are full tickets and long-distance tickets, but there are no half tickets and short-distance tickets?

A: The railway department will give priority to the long-distance passengers who take the bus from the departure station to the terminal, so as to maximize the utilization of transport resources. Of course, it will also take into account the needs of short-distance passengers. When the long-distance ticket amount is sufficient, it will dynamically adjust the ticket amount according to the changes in passenger demand, and automatically transfer some tickets to stations along the way in different time periods to meet the travel needs of short-distance passengers.

6. How is the standby ticket purchasing function of Railway 12306 running? How can we increase the chances of successful standby ticket purchase?

A: Railway 12306′ s alternate ticket purchasing function runs stably, and the alternate redemption success rate reaches over 75%. Passengers can increase the standby success rate by submitting a number of standby orders with a combination of "date, train number and seat" to extend the standby redemption time.

7. How is the ticket release time of Railway 12306 arranged?

A: The pre-sale period of train tickets is 15 days (including that day), but the starting time of each station is different. For example, Beijing West Railway Station and Nanjing South Railway Station are at 8:00, Guangzhou South Railway Station is at 10:00, and shanghai hongqiao railway station is at 13:30. Passengers can use the "starting time" query function in the official App of "Railway 12306" to query the starting time of the designated station.

8. How is the online paving function of the Railway 12306 pilot running? How to ensure that the elderly give priority to the lower berth?

A: In June this year, 12306 began to try out the online shop selection service. At present, it has covered 230 passenger trains and is running well. Online berth selection service provides the choice of soft berth, hard berth for general-speed trains and soft berth, first-class berth and second-class berth for emus, which cover different levels of demand. At the same time, Railway 12306 still insists on giving priority to the allocation of the lower berth to key passengers such as the elderly over 60.

9. What should passengers do if they can’t buy a direct ticket at the peak of passenger flow?

A: If you can’t buy a direct ticket during the peak passenger flow period, passengers and friends can buy a joint ticket to meet their travel needs by taking a bus in sections. Railway 12306 will intelligently recommend a transfer plan with a spare ticket for passengers to choose from according to their travel needs and the situation of the remaining tickets. In order to facilitate passengers’ transfer, the railway department has set up convenient transfer passages in 100 major stations, and arranged station staff to provide guidance services, so that passengers can enter the waiting room without leaving the station, effectively shortening the transfer time.

10. Is there any risk in buying tickets through third-party websites?

A: Railway 12306 has never authorized any third-party platform to sell train tickets. Third-party platforms will retain user information in the process of passenger ticket purchase, which not only has "traps" such as surcharges and bundled sales services, but also may have the risk of personal information disclosure. Passengers are requested to purchase tickets through official railway channels, and look for www.12306.cn, the official website of 12306, and the official App of "Railway 12306".

11. How does the railway department deal with some uncivilized behaviors in the car?

A: The railway is a popular means of transportation, which requires the vast number of passengers and friends to jointly maintain a civilized, orderly, warm and comfortable travel environment. However, there are also uncivilized behaviors of some passengers, such as smoking, dominating seats and making loud noises during the operation of EMU trains, which seriously affects the riding experience of other passengers, and some even endanger the safe operation of trains and violate laws and regulations. During the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day Golden Week holidays, we will broadcast videos by train, increase publicity and guidance, actively advocate civilized travel, and strive to create a good travel environment. Some uncivilized behaviors will be discouraged in time. Especially serious, we will be included in the untrustworthy list of the railway credit information system according to relevant regulations.

12306 ticketing introduction

Ticket-grabbing date, starting time, alternate rules,

Look at the picture and know everything

Did you get the ticket?

(CCTV)

Grain and oil crops should be harvested, and growers should ＂copy homework＂ like this.

　　How to increase production and increase efficiency of grain and oil crops? Recently, the reporter learned that the National Agricultural Technology Center, together with the Expert Steering Group of Scientific Fertilization and Water-saving Agriculture of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, has selected five practical technical models for increasing fertilizer and water production and increasing efficiency, which are suitable for the production of grain and oil crops such as rice, wheat and corn. The arrangement is as follows, for the reference of farmers.

　　The foliar fertilization technology model of "one spray and more promotion" for grain and oil crops　

　　This model is suitable for grain and oil crops such as rice, corn, soybean, etc. In view of the realistic scenes such as late fertilizer removal, high temperature and drought, scanty rain, and occurrence of diseases and pests, water-soluble fertilizers, stress-resistant agents, regulators, pesticides and fungicides are scientifically mixed and sprayed as needed to promote the stable growth of strong seedlings, post-disaster recovery, grain filling maturity, yield increase and pest control.

　　The technical points are as follows: firstly, the fertilizer is carefully selected, and the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, water-soluble fertilizer with large elements and medium and trace elements are selected for the later supplementary fertilizer; Water-soluble fertilizers containing humic acid, amino acids and trace elements are selected for adjusting nutrition; The growth regulator can be brassinolide, triacontanol, indolebutyric acid, etc. Apply pesticides according to the occurrence of pests and diseases. Fertilizer products should be registered or put on record by the agricultural and rural departments. The second is to optimize the combination. Neutral or acidic fertilizers can be directly mixed with pesticides with similar pH values, and mixing tests should be carried out before mixing alkaline fertilizers with pesticides. The third is efficient spraying, using modern equipment such as unmanned aerial vehicle, high gap spray bar sprayer and vehicle-mounted stretcher to spray.

　　Technical model of "lateral deep fertilization" for rice　

　　Integrate lateral deep fertilization, remote sensing diagnosis, and drone topdressing, give full play to the advantages of agricultural machinery and agronomy, and accurately control the dosage of fertilizer varieties, the proportion of nutrient forms and the timing of fertilization, so as to realize mechanized and precise fertilization in the whole growth period.

　　Technical points: First, the variety of base fertilizer is optimized, and the special formula fertilizer for slow (controlled) release is selected, which has uniform particles and moderate hardness and is convenient for machine application. Secondly, fertilization and transplanting should be synchronized, and the fertilizer should be evenly and quantitatively applied to the sides of the seedlings with a depth of 4-6 cm, and the nutrients are concentrated in the root zone, which is sufficient and easy to absorb. The third is intelligent nutrition diagnosis, and multi-spectral remote sensing diagnosis is carried out in the middle and late stage to guide the UAV to apply fertilizer accurately, efficiently and as needed, supplement nutrition in the later stage, enhance photosynthesis, enhance stress resistance, prevent premature aging, protect big ears, increase grain weight and achieve high yield.

　　Technical mode of "mechanical deep application+topdressing by drone+one spraying and three prevention" for wheat　

　　Integrate seed and fertilizer sowing together, "one spraying and three prevention" technology, subsoiling layered fertilization seeder, unmanned aerial vehicle and other equipment, supporting slow (controlled) release of fertilizer, overall planning of base fertilizer topdressing, combination of quick-acting slow release and compatibility of nutrient forms, and solve the problems of large loss of base fertilizer and premature aging in the later stage.

　　Key technical points: First, mechanical deep application, selecting slow (controlled) release new fertilizers, rotary tillage after spreading, the depth is more than 20 cm, or adopting simultaneous sowing of seeds and fertilizers to ensure nutrient supply and promote root growth. Second, the drone topdressing, according to the situation of wheat seedlings, strengthen fertilizer operation, focusing on topdressing wheat fields that are frozen in early spring and weak seedlings in late sowing to promote growth and improve tillering. The third is to spray three defenses, mixed with water-soluble fertilizers, regulators, pesticides and fungicides, etc., to increase grain size and weight, and prevent pests and diseases.

　　Technical model for increasing yield of ultra-deep subsoiling maize in dryland by one-step layered fertilization　

　　Integrate key technologies such as super subsoiling and three-layer fertilization to effectively solve long-term problems such as weak root system and late fertilization.

　　Technical points: First, ultra-deep loosening is increased from 25-30 cm to 50 cm, breaking the bottom of the plow, fully storing natural precipitation, and promoting the root to be tied to 50 cm. The second is layered fertilization. The fertilization depth is divided into three layers: shallow, medium and deep. The seed fertilizer depth is 8 cm, the middle fertilizer depth is 16 cm, and the deep fertilizer depth is 28 cm. The common compound fertilizer is replaced by functional fertilizers with long-term effect and root growth promotion, so as to realize accurate supply of nutrients.

　　Production technology model of bill of lading with integrated water and fertilizer for corn drip irrigation　

　　On the basis of drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration technology, measures such as compact and dense varieties, reasonable close planting, dripping seedling emergence, chemical control and lodging prevention and control of pests and diseases are integrated.

　　Key technical points: First, crop density is increased by more than 30% by strengthening water and fertilizer supply support, from less than 5,000 plants to more than 6,500 plants. Second, the coupling of water and fertilizer, drip with fertilizer after sowing to promote the whole seedling to be strong, supply water and fertilizer on demand, in stages, in a balanced and accurate way throughout the whole process, and move nitrogen and potassium backward to ensure that fertilizer is not removed in the later stage. Third, chemical control and lodging prevention, planting plots with high density, overgrowth and easy lodging, using special chemical control agents during 6-8 leaves spreading to enhance lodging resistance and drought resistance, and realize short stalks, large ears and high yield of crops.

Forged documents, perfunctory rectification of the Central Environmental Protection Inspectorate named these issues.

　　Beijing, Nov. 21 (Leng Yuyang) Recently, the typical cases of the second batch of central eco-environmental inspectors "looking back" have been exposed one after another. In this round of "looking back", many areas have been exposed to false rectification, perfunctory rectification, and even "one size fits all" and forged red-headed documents, which have attracted social attention.

　　"one size fits all"

　　"They don’t care what you burn, as long as you don’t burn coal."

　　Since the beginning of this year, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment has repeatedly stressed that "one size fits all" should be resolutely put an end. In May this year, the "Opinions on Prohibiting One-size-fits-all Work of Environmental Protection" issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment also proposed that perfunctory measures such as "all shut down" and "stop first" should be strictly prohibited, and simple and rude behaviors such as centralized shutdown and suspension of production should be resolutely avoided.

　　However, during the "looking back" period of the central eco-environmental protection inspector, the inspector group still encountered such a situation.

　　In yingze district, Taiyuan City, the inspector group found that in the process of promoting clean energy substitution, coal was prohibited from entering the community by setting up the "Kangle Street Area Environmental Inspection Office" under the condition that central heating and "coal to gas" were not available.

　　However, banning coal can’t help polluting. The inspectors saw that at 7 or 8 o’clock in the evening, many people had burned stoves. Because all kinds of waste wood and boards are burning, many people’s chimneys emit thick smoke, such as black dragons rushing into the air.

　　For these black smoke pollution, the inspectors of the environmental protection inspection office in Kangle Street area never care. A resident said to the inspector: "They told us time and again that we can’t burn coal, as long as the coal is not brought in, no matter what you burn, as long as we don’t burn coal."

　　An aunt pointed to the waste furniture and plywood piled up in the corner and said to the inspector, "What can I do if I don’t burn these?" I don’t want to burn coal, and I can’t afford electricity. There is no other way. "

　　"The original intention of banning coal is to ban pollution, but the result is that pollution is more serious. This behavior is really ridiculous." The Ministry of Ecology and Environment commented that this is a typical "one size fits all" behavior under the banner of air pollution control but affecting people’s livelihood.

　　"This kind of practice of prohibiting coal burning and forcing residents to use electricity for heating does not consider the actual situation of residents and the economic cost of heating. The work is simple and rude, which makes it difficult for a large number of people to warm up for the winter." The Ministry of Ecology and Environment said.

　　Counterwind crime document fraud

　　Two red-headed documents actually use the same document number.

　　In order to cope with the inspection, even falsifying red-headed documents and promoting the construction of illegal projects, it was also named by the inspector group in this "looking back".

　　In July 2017, the feedback from the Central Environmental Protection Inspector pointed out that the Management Committee of Suizhong Binhai Economic Zone in Huludao City (now renamed as Dongdaihe New District Management Committee) illegally transferred 39.6 hectares of coastal beaches to Kaisa Company and other three enterprises for real estate development, and the land and resources department of Suizhong County handled the land use certificate for it.

　　Subsequently, Liaoning Province reported the implementation of rectification, saying that Suizhong County had suspended the planning and implementation, and the illegal reclamation project had stopped construction as required. However, in July this year, the spot check by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment found that the illegal projects have not stopped working, even the commercial street projects have been basically completed, and the main bodies of the hotel conference center construction projects 1 to 8 have also been capped.

　　In addition, the inspector group also found that in the actual rectification work, the Suizhong county government not only failed to implement the rectification requirements, but secretly promoted the construction of illegal reclamation projects. The director’s office meeting even agreed that "the Housing and Construction Bureau of the new district and other departments are jointly responsible for handling the relevant construction procedures for the Kaisa commercial street project" and "there will be no punishment for the unapproved construction of the project".

　　Not only did it secretly promote illegal projects, but the local authorities even temporarily compiled fake documents to cope with inspections. The inspector team found that a document number of Sui Zhengfa [2017] 49 matched two completely different documents. Upon verification, the Notice of Suizhong County People’s Government on Printing and Distributing the Suspended Planning and Implementation and Suspended Construction of Suizhong County Coastal Construction Projects Involving the Occupation of Sea Areas is a false document.

　　"The Suizhong County Government of Huludao City and the Management Committee of Dongdaihe New District, in the rectification of illegal reclamation, have made false documents and reported to the provincial and municipal governments that illegal projects have stopped construction; While committing crimes against the wind, holding a special meeting to accelerate the construction of illegal projects is a serious problem with a bad nature. " The inspector group said.

　　Surface rectification perfunctory rectification

　　It cost 47 million yuan to "spray drugs to control pollution", and basically no results have been achieved.

　　In the remediation of black and odorous water bodies, perfunctory rectification is still common. The reporter found that many of the published cases involved such problems.

　　For example, the inspector group found in Shandong that Weifang City and Binhai Development Zone did not carry out pollution control and interception according to the requirements of the rectification plan in order to quickly complete the rectification task, but entrusted relevant enterprises to divide the Weitan River into several sections, and then add chemicals and aerate and precipitate separately to control pollution.

　　The construction period of the pollution control project is less than 4 months. When the water quality is improved in a short time, the local authorities will accept the project.

　　However, only one month after the acceptance, the water quality of Weitan River began to deteriorate again, and it could not reach the standard stably. During the sinking period of "looking back" in November, the inspector group conducted on-site sampling and monitoring at 13 points along the line, and the water quality was inferior to V, of which the highest ammonia nitrogen concentration was 44.2mg/L, which exceeded the standard by 21 times.

　　"In the past year, the river pollution control project costing more than 47 million yuan has basically failed, and the surface rectification problem is outstanding." Inspector group evaluation.

　　Similar problems were staged in Xi ‘an. The inspector group found that Chang ‘an District of the city covered up the problem by capping the 1.21-kilometer black and smelly river in 2016-2017 without completing the sewage interception project in the upper reaches of Zaohe River, and took "invisibility" as a rectification measure, and there was a problem of pretending rectification.

　　After the problems were discovered, the local rectification work also lagged behind. Looking back this time, it is found that the pipe network project in Zaohe City has not yet been completed, and only a "diversion tunnel" with a diameter of nearly 2 meters is temporarily dug in Zaohe River to transport sewage to the nearby municipal pipe network. The construction of the project is extremely perfunctory.