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　　From May 23rd to 24th, the 2024 Summit Forum on Building a Cultural Power was held in Shenzhen, Guangdong. This forum thoroughly studied and implemented the cultural thoughts of the supreme leader. At the main forum and eight sub-forums, participants conducted in-depth discussions on topics such as Chinese modernization and new cultural mission, prospering literary and artistic creation, strengthening the construction of all-media communication system, strengthening the overall protection of cultural heritage and live transmission, innovative development of cultural industries, development of publishing talents in the digital age, high-quality development of film industry, promotion of high-quality development of cultural trade, and Opportunity Bay Area in Humanities Bay Area, and achieved fruitful results, reaching broad consensus and rallying construction.

　　Take on the cultural mission of the new era

　　Cultural self-confidence is a more basic, broader and deeper self-confidence and a more basic, deeper and more lasting force. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that it is our new cultural mission in the new era to continue to promote cultural prosperity, build a cultural power and build a modern civilization of the Chinese nation at a new starting point.

　　Wang Bo, vice-president of Peking University, said that Chinese culture has a spirit of integrity and innovation and a pluralistic and integrated cultural pattern. Keeping integrity and innovation is the dialectical unity of continuity and innovation. Defending is about to consciously inherit the subjectivity of Chinese culture, and innovation should respond to the problems of the times on the premise of defending righteousness.

　　Wang Hui, a senior professor of liberal arts in Tsinghua University, said that the unity and cohesion of the Chinese nation has become an important demonstration of Chinese civilization to the world. This is what we emphasize today: our vast territory is jointly developed by all ethnic groups; Our long history is written by all ethnic groups; Our splendid culture is jointly created by all ethnic groups; Our great spirit is cultivated by all ethnic groups.

　　Yang Yi, member of the Standing Committee of the Party Committee and Vice President of Communication University of China, said that the forum discussed and shared topics such as how to strengthen the construction of all-media communication system from the perspectives of media field, academic research in universities and artificial intelligence technology, and explored the more effective combination of new artificial intelligence technology and mainstream social cultural values, which provided effective communication methods and technical means for enhancing cultural self-confidence, building a cultural power and enhancing the sense of cultural mission.

　　"Cultural self-confidence has always been the basis for Hunan Radio and Television to carry out content innovation, and it is also the genetic code for innovative content to take root and grow up." Cai Huaijun, general manager of Hunan Radio, Film and Television Group, said, "We always adhere to the needs of the country and the expectations of the people when making programs, and the content forms are ever-changing, but the constant is value guidance."

　　Shen Chen, artistic director of China Oriental Performing Arts Group, said: "A prosperous culture leads to a prosperous country, and a strong culture leads to a strong nation. As literary and art workers in the new era, we must strengthen our cultural self-confidence, innovate in inheritance, develop in innovation, continue the essence of culture with our hearts and feelings, eulogize the times and create for the people, and write new chapters and cultivate cultural self-confidence on the new journey of building a cultural power. "

　　Promote the development of cultural innovation.

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that it is incumbent on the vast number of literary and art workers to promote the prosperity and development of socialist literature and art and build a socialist cultural power.

　　Zuo Heng, director of the film culture research department of China Film Archive, said: "Creators should emancipate their minds, broaden their horizons, and make future creative themes and theme expressions more diverse."

　　"We must adhere to the people-centered creative orientation, embrace life and keep pace with the times." Dai Qing, a professor at the School of Drama, Film and Television, Communication University of China, believes that the vast number of literary and art workers should constantly improve their creative level, delicately write the fireworks and the brilliance of human nature, and actively explore diversified literary forms and styles to better meet the cultural needs of the people.

　　Zhang Jiuzhen, president of Peking University Publishing Research Institute, said that both mass publishing and academic publishing should stimulate innovation and encourage a hundred flowers to blossom. The convening of the 2024 Summit Forum on Building a Cultural Power has greatly boosted the confidence in the future development of China’s publishing industry and enhanced its cultural self-confidence, which will surely promote the high-quality development of the publishing industry.

　　Culture is accompanied by science and technology, and generative artificial intelligence is developing rapidly. Under the condition of informationization, how to embrace high-tech in the development of artistic creation culture has become a new topic. Nie Xiaolin, director and senior vice president of Iflytek Co., Ltd., said that in the new stage of social development and artificial intelligence technology development, digital publishing talents in the future should embrace the new trend of technology development in order to truly become compound and innovative talents and better contribute to the cultural prosperity and development in the new era.

　　"At present, digital technology constantly promotes new literary formats and broadens the literary space. We must forge new quality productivity of film and television literature and art that has our own genes and can participate in international competition." Zhang Lina, vice president and editor-in-chief of Youku, Alibaba Entertainment Group, said that the cross-border integration of Internet technology and film and television creation is embarking on a "film and television industrialization road" with China characteristics, which requires all parties in the industry to actively participate in technology research and development and smooth the development road of "technology+art".

　　Strengthen the protection and inheritance of cultural heritage

　　The Chinese nation has a long history, Chinese civilization has a long history and Chinese culture is profound. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that more cultural relics and cultural heritage should be brought alive to create a strong social atmosphere for inheriting Chinese civilization.

　　He Xiaojun, secretary of Chaozhou Municipal Party Committee, said that during his inspection tour in Chaozhou, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that this precious historical and cultural heritage should be cherished and protected, and it should not be over-repaired or over-developed, and the original historical appearance should be preserved as much as possible. Chaozhou adheres to the principle of "not changing the original state" and focuses on the goal of "letting citizens and tourists feel the temperature of the city in subtle places", which preserves the traditional elements and historical features of the existing architectural remains to the greatest extent, and makes the old house show its "ancient" elegance and glow with "new" beauty.

　　"The construction of the Yangtze River National Cultural Park is the need to implement the strategy of strengthening the country by culture and protect and inherit the culture of the Yangtze River. It can achieve higher quality protection and higher level utilization of cultural relics and cultural resources, and promote the protection, inheritance and utilization of cultural relics and cultural resources in the new era." Fang Qin, president of Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, said that cultural parks and heritage parks should benefit urban and rural development and people’s lives better.

　　“‘ Overseas Chinese approval ’ It records the difficult entrepreneurial history and strong feelings of the older generation of overseas Chinese, and it is also an important embodiment of the Chinese nation’s credibility and commitment. " Lin Qingxi, honorary director of Shantou Archives Overseas Chinese Group Branch, believes that it is necessary to rescue and protect the cultural heritage of Overseas Chinese Group, promote the collation and activation of rare materials, and let the culture of Overseas Chinese Group go out, and tell the story of overseas Chinese and China well with Overseas Chinese Group.

　　"To realize the organic integration of traditional art and modern life, we need to be upright and innovative, be brave in breaking through, make the legacy fashionable, and make the classics popular." Chen Lijun, an actor of Zhejiang Xiaobaihuayue Opera Troupe, said that efforts to explore cross-border communication and attract more audiences with "out-of-the-box" works will help to further protect non-genetic inheritance and prosper the stage art of traditional Chinese opera.

　　Ji Deqiang, a professor at China Communication University and a researcher at the foreign cultural exchange (cultural trade) research base, said: "Cultural heritage is an important carrier for inheriting and carrying forward Chinese excellent traditional culture. We should make use of new information communication technology to break through the bottleneck of inheritance and obstacles of innovation, and generate more increments in digitalization, virtualization and intelligence. At the same time, make good use of new technologies represented by artificial intelligence to promote cultural inheritance and mutual learning of civilizations. "

　　Promote exchanges and mutual learning among human civilizations.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that civilizations exchange because of diversity, learn from each other through exchanges and develop through mutual learning.

　　Fan Jinshi, honorary president of Dunhuang Research Institute, said that Dunhuang cultural heritage not only preserves grotto art and literature covering China’s architecture, history, literature, painting, music, dance, medicine, etiquette, customs and regulations, but also integrates cultural and artistic elements of different countries and regions along the Silk Road. "Dunhuang cultural heritage presents the spirit of openness and tolerance of Chinese civilization."

　　Shen Chen said: "Human civilization is colorful. We must open our horizons, expand our thinking, embrace new technologies, build a new platform, absorb civilized nutrients and cultivate talents with a broad mind, create more explosive products and push them overseas, so as to better realize the beauty and beauty of beauty in mutual understanding and mutual learning. "

　　"At present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation represented by artificial intelligence is profoundly reshaping the pattern of international public opinion." Zhou Qingan, Dean of Tsinghua University School of Journalism and Communication, suggested that we should fully tap the content with China value and world significance, create new concepts, new categories and new expressions that integrate China and foreign countries, and constantly innovate expression channels, make efforts to be precise, diversified and differentiated, and make different design arrangements for different audiences, so that the world can better understand China and win the initiative in the ever-changing international situation.

　　Wu Zhiliang, president of the Macau Federation of Cultural Circles, said that Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is not only an economic community, but also needs to find effective modes and paths to explore and construct the Humanities Bay Area, which is of great theoretical and practical significance for strengthening exchanges and mutual learning and promoting common development.

　　Huo Qigang, deputy to the National People’s Congress, member of the Hong Kong Legislative Council and chairman of the Hong Kong Arts Development Council, said that under the current background, Hong Kong has the ability, advantages and historical mission to develop a cultural and artistic exchange center between China and foreign countries. Hong Kong can give full play to the advantages of coordinated industrial development, jointly promote culture to the sea, and tell the story of China to the outside world.

　　(Reporter Liu Yang, Yang Xuemei, Liu Nian, Zhao Mengyang, Cheng Yuanzhou, Hong Qiuting, chenglong, Li Hongxing, Liu Ruoxuan)

　　　　Yang Gao, deputy magistrate of Zhenping County, Shaanxi Province, is in charge of agriculture and forestry. He said that the photos have indeed been processed, but there is no doubt that there are South China tigers in the area.

The netizen concluded: "The wild South China tiger may really exist, but the photo is absolutely fake."

　　　　Zhou Zhenglong shows his photos of the South China Tiger.

　　　　Is there a South China Tiger in Shaanxi?

　　　　Netizens pointed out that the news photos were fake, and the reporter verified that "the photos were processed, and the tiger tracks were true."

　　　　■ New Express reporter Deng Yifu

　　　　According to the survey, there are only more than 20 wild South China tigers in the world, and more than 50 of them are kept in zoos in Suzhou and Shanghai. A South China tiger has not been seen in Shaanxi Province for more than 40 years since the villagers in Foping, Shaanxi Province killed a South China tiger in 1964. A young tiger found in a forest farm in Hubei Province in 1983 was the last time that a wild South China tiger was found in China, and it has been 24 years since now.

　　　　This is a photo of the South China Tiger taken by Zhou Zhenglong, a resident of Zhenping County, Shaanxi Province. Appraised by experts, the photos are true. This proves that the South China Tiger is not extinct in China, and there is probably a small breeding population of wild South China Tiger. The wild South China tiger was once thought to be basically extinct and has not appeared again for 24 years. In 1996, the South China Tiger was listed as the most endangered species and the first tiger species in need of protection by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.

　　　　But it is also this photo that was questioned by netizens for fraud, which triggered the suspicion of wild South China tigers.

　　　　News photos through PS?

　　　　On October 15th, a post appeared in Tianya Community’s posted area, "Shaanxi South China Tiger is fake news again? ",the post owner" Party Command Gun "mentioned in the article that the news of" South China Tiger in Shaanxi "was reprinted by many media, which also attracted many voices of doubt. In the questioning voice, it is mainly aimed at six doubts about the tiger picture, and points out that the tiger picture with this news is suspected of PS, and asks netizens to help identify it.

　　　　The post was immediately welcomed by netizens, and many netizens came up with "housekeeping skills" to help identify it, which was very lively for a time.

　　　　As far as photos are concerned, netizens seem to have golden eyes. The netizen "the gun that went off accidentally" said: "I think the light is very unreasonable. The place where the tiger stays should be lush (as can be seen from the picture). Where is it possible that the sun shines down and the light on the tiger is poor?" The netizen "dressed as a tiger" said more directly: "The color of the tiger looks a little fake, and many PS pictures are like this."

　　　　The netizen "drifting north" teased: "What kind of camera is this? The definition of the tiger is inconsistent with that of the leaves with the same focal length next to it. It is estimated that when taking pictures of the tiger, there is a photography assistant in front of the tiger side holding a reflector to fill the light. "

　　　　The netizen "about the bricklayer" observed: "This tiger has no evil eyes and is not wild. It is estimated that it was taken in the circus." Netizen "Underwater Star" also feels the same way: "This tiger is really hygienic. It must take a bath every day, and its hair under its belly is as white as a Persian cat. When I was a child, I saw the South China Tiger in the circus. To be honest, my belly is really not so white. "

　　　　As a result, netizens came to the conclusion: "Wild South China tigers may really exist, but the photos are absolutely fake."

　　　　In an interview with reporters, the author of the original post "Party Command Gun" said: "The reason why I question it is because I really can’t convince people according to the information published in the news."

　　　　Netizens find "motivation" for "counterfeiting"

　　　　If it is really a fraud, what is the motive?

　　　　Netizen "hblmj501" said: "I want to be crazy about tigers. Is this also a fake?" Finding the South China Tiger is no small matter. According to reports, the local authorities have been organizing tiger-hunting operations, and they have also found relevant signs, except for the "hard evidence" of photos, so the netizen "loves the mountains and loves beautiful people" speculated: "This scientific research activity lasted for a long time, although a lot of indirect evidence of the existence of South China tigers was found, but there is no direct image evidence, so I am unwilling. Fake these photos, you will definitely get a lot of money and invest more manpower to continue looking for wild South China tigers, and you will definitely find a real South China tiger and turn the fake into reality. " He called it "the most white lie".

　　　　"Please ask Brother Wu to go to the appraisal." Netizen "Whisperwhisperer" joked to invite Wu Song to the mountain, but I’m afraid Wu Song may not have this luck. "If Wu Song stays there for a few days and can come back, it will prove to be fake news." The netizen "Little Dragon Girl" strongly appealed: "Give full play to the spirit of pursuing, and suggest that the landlord personally go to southern Shaanxi to investigate the local villagers, government officials and parties. It is best to’ catch the tiger and bring it to justice’, and then make a detailed report to netizens, which will surely uncover the truth."

　　　　The netizen "the old horse knows the way" is more realistic: "Don’t just look at the pictures, didn’t you say that you also collected hair and feces? Moreover, there are photo films. Just looking at a reprinted photo says that people are fake news. Isn’t this nonsense? "

　　　　Party language

　　　　Shooting horror

　　　　Zhou Zhenglong, 52, was a good hunter, and later cut paint as his main business. In 2006, Zhou Zhenglong, a villager from Wencai Village, Chengguan Town, Zhenping County, became the guide of the South China Tiger Investigation Team, which was jointly composed of Shaanxi Provincial Forestry Department and Zhenping County Government.

　　　　During his long life in the mountainous area, Zhou Zhenglong met the tiger by chance many times. In two surveys last summer and winter, he repeatedly stressed that there were definitely tigers here, but the team members told him that unless you photographed tigers in the wild, and what was photographed by a digital camera was not counted.

　　　　In the early morning of October 3, Zhou Zhenglong went up the mountain again. This time, he hung two cameras around his neck, one is the old Great Wall film camera, and the other is a brand-new digital SLR camera (Canon EOS400D digital camera and 18-55mm lens). The machine was borrowed from his relative Xie Kunyuan, who works in the county.

　　　　About three o’clock in the afternoon, he suddenly found a cave on the hillside in the distance, and a yellow mass lying nearby looked like a tiger. He looked intently, yes, it must be a tiger!

　　　　Zhou Zhenglong, lying in the bushes, raised his camera and kept alternately pressing the shutters of the two cameras, while slowly approaching.

　　　　Clap clap, 1 of "pa", eyes suddenly lit up, it turned out that the dark light in the forest triggered the electronic flash. When he saw the tiger move, he immediately dodged and rolled behind the rock, conveniently throwing the camera in a conspicuous position on the ground.

　　　　He thought that even if he was eaten by a tiger, these pictures could be preserved and easily found.

　　　　At the moment, there was a loud whistling in my ear. When he came to his senses, he found that there was already no movement around him. He ran down the mountain quickly and went to the county seat to find his relative Xie Kunyuan.

　　　　Reporter connection

　　　　Yang Gao, deputy county magistrate: The photos have indeed been processed.

　　　　Yesterday, the reporter contacted Yang Gao, the deputy magistrate in charge of agriculture and forestry in Zhenping County, Shaanxi Province. Yang Gao said that the photos were indeed processed, but the fact that there were South China tigers in the local area was beyond doubt.

　　　　Reporter (hereinafter referred to as "Ji"): What do you think of netizens questioning the discovery of South China Tiger in Zhenping County?

　　　　Yang Gao (hereinafter referred to as "Yang"): As early as July 6th, we held the Evaluation Meeting on the Investigation Report of Wild South China Tigers in Zhenping County, Shaanxi Province. Professor Wang Tingzheng from Shaanxi Normal University, Professor Liu Shifeng from Northwest University, and researcher Xu Qingtao from Shaanxi Institute of Zoology attended the meeting. Experts decided that the discovery of South China tigers in Zhenping County was informative and had sufficient evidence, including the discovery of hair and feces of South China tigers. At the beginning of October, Zhou Zhenglong, a local farmer, took photos of the South China Tiger, which only added another piece of evidence. Therefore, we can’t look at photos separately, but look at them together.

　　　　Reporter: Do you think Zhenping County has the conditions for the survival of South China tigers?

　　　　Yang: Tiger tracks have also been found in neighboring areas, such as Chongqing, while the forest coverage in Zhenping County is 86%, and the animal structure is also very rich, such as wild boar, goats and other common foods for tigers are everywhere. In the seventies and eighties of last century, we often heard the news of tigers coming and going here. In 1991, a farmer hit a tiger.

　　　　Reporter: Now netizens think that photos are suspected of fraud. What is the actual situation?

　　　　Yang: The photo you saw was indeed processed. It was taken with a digital camera and then processed. The actual situation is that Zhou Zhenglong was carrying two cameras, one is a digital camera and the other is a film camera, and they both took photos. Zhou Zhenglong also showed the film negatives to relevant experts, but he refused to provide photos negatives, because it is said that he heard that the discovery of the South China Tiger would reward 500,000 yuan, and he wanted to get more bonuses, so he only handed in digital photos. Later, Zhou Zhenglong also took us to the scene where the South China tiger was found. We did see the tiger’s footprints and the bones left by a wild boar.

　　　　Reporter: What reward does Zhou Zhenglong receive now?

　　　　Yang: The Provincial Forestry Department rewarded him with 20,000 yuan, and the county is also studying how to reward him.

　　　　Reporter: What kind of person is Zhou Zhenglong?

　　　　Yang: In popular terms, he is quite "cow", bold and smart. He has beaten hundreds of animals in the past two years, but he is also honest and believes that he will not make fakes. After I learned that someone doubted his photo, I also called him and said to him, "Tell the truth, is there anything wrong with this?" Zhou Zhenglong said, "I guarantee it with my head."

　　　　Reporter: If you want to untie the bell, you have to tie the bell. Let Zhou Zhenglong take out the negative, so you can look at it squarely.

　　　　Yang: We’re working on this. The negatives are with relatives in Zhou Zhenglong. He’s on a business trip. The two cameras used by Zhou Zhenglong to take pictures were also lent to him by this relative, who is regarded as Zhou Zhenglong’s staff officer.

　　　　Reporter: Now Shaanxi stipulates that hunting activities should be stopped in the place where the South China tiger was found. Is it related to the publication of photos?

　　　　Yang: This rule was decided before the photos were taken.

Editor: Wang Yuxi

　　Reporter Shi Dongbai reported that on June 20th, Li Lecheng, deputy secretary of Liaoning Provincial Party Committee and governor, came to Fuxin City to conduct a special investigation on the progress of Datang International Fuxin coal-to-natural gas project construction and "integration of roads and mines" restructuring in order to fully implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, thoroughly implement the important exposition of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on investigation and research, and implement the important requirements of "deepening investigation and research to promote the solution of development problems".

　　In recent years, Fuxin City has vigorously implemented the project of revitalizing idle assets, reorganized the Papua New Guinea Railway and the No.2 mine in Jilin Guole, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and revitalized the Datang coal-to-gas project as one of the "eight major battles", which was systematically promoted and fully attacked. At present, what difficulties and obstacles are faced with strategic reorganization and project restart, what are the deep-seated reasons, what matters and strategies need to be clarified, and how to promote breakthrough progress? With concerns, Li Lecheng carefully looked at, asked and understood all the way, and had in-depth discussions with local leading cadres, provincial departments, heads of financial institutions and enterprises, studied and analyzed item by item, and coordinated to solve specific problems.

　　At Baiyudu Railway Station, the node station of Papua New Guinea Railway, Li Lecheng took an engineering train to Xinqiu Railway Station, the starting point of Papua New Guinea Railway, to inspect the railway operation along the way and listen to the report on the reorganization of "railway and mine integration". In Liaoning Datang International Fuxin Coal-to-Natural Gas Co., Ltd., Li Lecheng made a field trip to the factory, and listened to the report on the overall situation of Datang project and the idea of revitalizing it by combining sand table, exhibition board and PPT. He pointed out that at present, provinces, cities and Datang Group have reached a high degree of consensus on the idea of "integration of roads and mines". The key is to find out the specific methods, paths and steps to promote the work. We must further strengthen our confidence and determination, enhance our sense of urgency, seize the main contradiction of "integration of roads and mines", compact the territorial responsibility of local governments and the main responsibility of enterprises, and step up all aspects of work. It is necessary to adhere to the scientific path and method, conduct in-depth investigation and study, find out the problem base, re-evaluate and improve the reorganization plan. All levels and departments should form a joint force, fully support Fuxin to promote the strategic restructuring of "integration of roads and mines", take the road of transformation and development of resource-based cities, and make greater contributions in the three-year action of comprehensively revitalizing new breakthroughs.

　　Liu Mingsheng, general manager of China Datang Group Co., Ltd. participated in some surveys.

For today’s China retail digitalization, there are still many problems to be solved urgently, which are like "fishbones" stuck in the "throat" of the growth of retail enterprises.　

Author | Doudou　

Editor | Pi Ye　

Producer | industrialist　

Bustling crowds, dazzling new year’s goods, festive Spring Festival couplets, blessings and window grilles … I don’t know when the supermarket has become a gathering place with a strong flavor of the year.

On the other hand, the Spring Festival just passed has also provided an excellent sales "stage" for retail enterprises.

A big data from multi-point DMALL shows that from the beginning of 2024 to January 12, the overall search volume of drinks increased by 48% month-on-month, and the sales volume of fresh products increased by over 30% year-on-year. The strong data corresponds to the consumer’s demand for consumption during the Spring Festival.

Up to now, it can be said that retail enterprises including Shangchao are facing the annual sales peak challenge. How can we stand out in this "competition"? Or how to better complete the promotion and then grasp the golden period? This is a problem that all retail enterprises are trying to solve.

In fact, from a larger perspective, with the changes of China’s supply chain in the current era, such as the decentralized arrangement of people and goods yards, and the trend of diversification, customization and fragmentation of time and space in consumer demand, the challenges faced by retail enterprises at present are not only from festivals, but also from daily life.

Digitalization is the fundamental way to solve these challenges. But how to digitize and what is the really effective digital transformation model for retail enterprises? Where is the node that plays the value? In the past few years, what we can see is a group of retail head enterprises’ attempts and explorations on digitalization, which include not only simple software access, but also the establishment of a series of retail middle stations including CRM, OA, CDP and COP.

However, there are still many problems that need to be solved urgently for the digitalization of retail industry in China today, which are like "fishbones" stuck in the "throat" of the growth of retail enterprises.

Standing at the node of 2024, we try to take stock and observe where the digitalization of retail enterprises in China has gone. Where will its next trend go? And is the current market an opportunity or a challenge for enterprises and service providers?

First, the invisible "thorn"

In a second-tier city, a small and medium-sized supermarket chain named "Hui Life" has increasingly felt the ceiling limit of revenue brought by the traditional model in the long-term development, and decisively tried to make a breakthrough in digital transformation.

But this is not an easy thing.

The most obvious problem is that, when the specific solution comes to the ground, because of its small scale, backward IT infrastructure and weak digital skills of employees, "Hui Life" can’t effectively connect with and make full use of the complex system provided by the digital service provider.

Although the solution is powerful, the high implementation cost and follow-up maintenance cost are beyond the budget of "Hui Life" supermarket. And the internal business process of "Hui Life" is relatively simple, and the standardization system of this scheme has not been customized for its special needs, resulting in some functional redundancy, but the core pain points have not been solved.

In addition, employees of "Hui Life" have a low acceptance of new technologies, and it is difficult to master new digital tools in a short time, which makes the utilization rate of the new system not high and the effect is not ideal.

The end result is that although service providers provide industry-leading solutions, it is not the best solution for small retail enterprises like Hui Life. What they need is a digital service that is more suitable for their actual situation, easy to implement and has a high cost performance.

One current situation is that the development of retail digitalization has now gone deep into the bone marrow, and the solutions provided by many digital service providers have covered all aspects from supply chain optimization, omni-channel integration to customer relationship management.

For example, in the refined marketing, SaaS service providers such as Youzan and Weimeng help enterprises to collect, integrate and analyze membership data by providing applet mall, membership management system and marketing automation tools, so as to realize accurate marketing and personalized service.

For example, in the CRM stage, service providers such as SalesEasy can provide more comprehensive CRM solutions for enterprises. Achieve all-round management of customer relations, from potential customer mining, sales follow-up, contract management to after-sales service, and comprehensively improve the sales efficiency and customer satisfaction of enterprises.

Another example is enterprises like Tencent Enterprise Point, which can accurately grasp customer needs through data analysis capabilities and provide personalized marketing solutions for enterprises. Connect with CRM, ERP and other enterprise application systems to form a complete enterprise digital ecosystem, which helps enterprises improve work efficiency and reduce operating costs.

When we look at it, we can see that many digital service providers are constantly trying to solve the problem of digital transformation of retail industry and solve special problems in all aspects of retail digitalization (marketing acquisition, supply chain distribution, local retail, etc.). However, as the first case shows, not all retail digital solutions in the current market meet the actual needs of retailers, and not all retailers can find their own solutions.

In a survey of global enterprises, IDC pointed out that on average, less than half (about 40%-50%) of enterprises’ investment can be transformed into visible business results when they are undergoing digital transformation. This means that a large part of digital investment did not immediately produce the ideal return.

The same is true in the retail sector. From the perspective of retail information hardware market structure, computer network equipment accounts for the most, accounting for 45.67%, followed by pos system equipment, accounting for 11.92%, RFID system equipment, accounting for 10.33%, and other hardware products accounting for 32.08%. From the retail information software market, resource management ERP system accounts for the most, accounting for 44.27%, followed by supply chain management (SCM) accounting for 15.78%, customer relationship management (CRM) accounting for 14.18% and other software accounting for 25.77%.

Source: Zhiyan Consulting

The high proportion reflects the large demand, and the transformation of retail enterprises needs to invest a lot of money from the beginning. This makes retail enterprises often fall into confusion and uncertainty when choosing digital solutions.

These problems have gradually become an imperceptible "thorn" for retail enterprises and digital manufacturers. Behind it, the greater inducement comes from the complexity of the retail industry.

That is, different retail enterprises have different business models, scales and demand levels, which makes it difficult to have a "universal" digital solution in the market. That is, the digitalization of the retail industry is not as simple as buying a few software and hardware from offline to online. It is necessary to "prescribe the right medicine."

Second, retail digitalization, "unable to copy"

Retail has always been a very complicated industry.

Retail industry includes many sub-fields, such as clothing, electronic products, food, cosmetics, etc. Each field has its own specific product characteristics, supply chain management, sales strategy and customer experience. This diversity of tracks and links requires retail solutions to be flexible enough to meet the specific needs of different fields.

In addition, in addition to diversity, there are regional characteristics. That is, there may be significant differences in consumer demand, consumption habits and purchasing behavior in different regions. Therefore, retail solutions need to consider regional differences and be able to adapt to specific market environments in different regions.

In addition to these environmental factors, in the current digital age, the retail industry is destined to be a rapidly changing industry, with rapid changes in market demand and consumer behavior. Therefore, the retail solution needs to be real-time and can quickly respond to market changes and changes in consumer demand.

In addition, modern consumers pay more and more attention to personalized needs and experiences, and they hope to obtain customized products and services. Retail solutions need more personalized features to meet the specific needs of consumers.

This also makes the problems faced by retail enterprises in digital transformation more complicated.

The digitalization of any industry is inseparable from physical equipment and technical facilities. In the retail field, POS (point of sale) systems, self-checkout machines, intelligent shelves, RFID tags and readers, electronic price tags, mobile payment terminals, Internet of Things devices, etc. are the infrastructure of retail digitalization. However, different from other industries, the problems of high hardware investment cost, difficult maintenance and data security risk in retail industry are becoming more and more obvious and complicated.

In order to better contact with consumers, the transformation and upgrading of online and offline retail channels is also a necessary step. For example, through physical stores, official websites, e-commerce platforms, social media, own apps, small programs and other ways to reach consumers.

In this process, enterprises need to integrate scattered data sources, so as to improve cross-channel marketing effect and customer management efficiency. However, it is difficult to get through data between multiple systems, and online and offline data fusion and precision marketing have always been a problem. Therefore, the consistency of multi-channel services is not high and the customer experience is uneven.

In this process, retailers need to integrate scattered data sources based on ERP, CRM and other management systems under the premise of ensuring customer privacy, so as to improve cross-channel marketing effect and customer management efficiency. This is not an easy task.

Member management is also a crucial step in the process of retail digital transformation. At present, enterprises mainly collect and analyze consumer data through CRM system, and implement personalized marketing and services. However, in this process, the online membership, the opening of online and offline membership management system, and the distribution of benefits after the opening of online and offline membership systems need to be solved urgently.

From now on, behind many successful cases of membership management and precision marketing, there are still the voices of "harassing" marketing and big data killing, which constantly plague consumers and retail enterprises. For retail enterprises, not only high-quality user data is needed, but also privacy needs to be protected. At the same time, customers’ needs are accurately positioned and personalized services and offers are provided. These requirements make it difficult for enterprises to find suitable solutions.

There are also online and offline distribution links. The combination of online and offline means to ensure that products can circulate smoothly and respond to market demand quickly, whether in physical stores or e-commerce platforms. The pain lies in the difficulty of inventory sharing and real-time synchronization, the optimization of logistics distribution network, the efficiency and accuracy of order processing, and how to balance online and offline price strategies to avoid channel conflicts.

In fact, behind these problems, they are inseparable from the supply chain. An efficient supply chain needs to connect all nodes based on software such as supplier relationship management, order processing system, warehouse management system (WMS), transportation management system (TMS), demand forecasting tools and real-time inventory monitoring, so that information flow, business flow and logistics are unimpeded. However, in the retail industry, the supply chain is more complicated because of the complex fields involved. And for the retail industry, its digital penetration rate is closely related to the digital level of various industries, which also means that the digital model of supply chain in the retail industry is more complex and three-dimensional.

In addition, there are many small and medium-sized enterprises outside large enterprises. For these small and medium-sized enterprises, most of them will face problems such as low data quality and lack of effective data analysis tools because of their low ability to pay, and it is more difficult to collect and provide valuable data statistically.

The series connection of these problems has also jointly catalyzed the difficulty in forming the modern retail supply chain model of the new "people and goods yard".

One interpretation of digital people’s goods yard is that it means adjusting commodity structure, optimizing shopping environment and providing personalized consumption experience according to consumer behavior data. However, it is difficult to collect and integrate data, which makes it impossible for enterprises to accurately grasp the dynamic needs of consumers, flexibly adjust the layout and function of "field" and quickly respond to market changes to achieve efficient matching of "people", "goods" and "field" through BI (Business Intelligence System).

The bottom foundation determines the superstructure, and many problems in the retail industry also lead to its "fear of hands and feet" when new technologies come.

In the past year, the trend of large model technology swept the world. All fields want to integrate with it and redo the track. However, the landing of a new technology also needs to be based on digitalization. At present, in the field of customer service and marketing in the retail industry, various manufacturers are constantly making efforts, but for the moment, it has not brought about real productivity changes.

A set of data shows that there are significant differences in the landing speed of large models in various industries, and the two industries with the most active investment budget are energy and finance. The main reason is that these two industries have strong data, computing power and AI foundation. The retail industry, as the track with the most intensive consumer behavior, is not on the list.

Generally speaking, the digitalization of retail industry has many similarities with many industries, such as data collection, unpredictable cost returns, integration between systems, etc., but its difficulty is greater than that of other industries, that is, in addition to similar difficulties, the greater challenge lies in how to combine the characteristics of the industry to create solutions that meet the specificity of business processes and have efficient operation capabilities, while paying attention to the actual experience of consumers and data security, rather than simply applying the general technical architecture.

What it needs is not a general answer, but a specific answer.

Third, the "universal" retail digital scheme, pull out the "thorn"

Starbucks, in almost every busy street, will appear the figure of this enterprise. The data shows that up to now, Starbucks has a total of 38,038 stores worldwide, with more than 20,000 international stores, with a net increase of 816 new stores in the fourth quarter. Among them, there were 326 new stores in China in this quarter.

With such a large volume, the inherent operation mode of the traditional retail industry does not match the rapidly changing market environment and consumer behavior, so it is necessary to bridge this gap through digital means, so as to achieve efficient operation and sustained growth.

Starbucks’ approach is to launch the "Star Club" membership program to encourage users to register and bind mobile applications. Through this platform, Starbucks can not only integrate and analyze members’ consumption data, but also push customized offers and services according to users’ preferences. At the same time, strict privacy policy ensures the security of member information and avoids over-marketing. So as to do a good job in membership management.

In terms of channels, Starbucks online mall and offline stores cooperate with each other, and users can purchase goods or redeem points in any channel to realize O2O (online and offline integration) mode. For example, the function of online pre-ordering and picking up goods at the store breaks the service boundary of traditional stores and enhances customer stickiness.

At the same time, advanced supply chain management system is introduced to monitor inventory in real time, predict demand and optimize replenishment process. In addition, combined with big data analysis, raw material procurement and logistics are finely managed, thus reducing the impact of uncertain factors and ensuring the stable and efficient operation of the supply chain.

Starbucks uses data analysis to adjust its product mix and store layout to meet the preferences of consumers in different time periods and regions. The application of intelligent POS system and Internet of Things technology has also greatly improved the work efficiency of employees, made the service more personalized and flexible, and reconstructed the logic of people and goods yard.

It can be said that with the help of digital tools and strategies, Starbucks has effectively solved the problems of high cost of offline store renovation, complex personnel training and online and offline collaboration, and successfully realized a comprehensive digital transformation from a single physical retail to a seamless connection between online and offline.

In this case, the digital transformation of retail is not a simple online and offline integration, but a comprehensive upgrade of the entire business process, operation model and profit model.

From the case of Starbucks, it is not difficult to see that retail digitalization is different from the past. With new requirements, digital service providers also need to make changes and seize new opportunities.

Therefore, for digital service providers, it is necessary to provide all-round services and products.

First of all, we should establish a close cooperative relationship with retail enterprises, and through in-depth understanding of their business model, operational needs and scale, tailor-made digital solutions for enterprises. This can not only meet the overall needs of retail enterprises, but also avoid unnecessary waste of resources.

Secondly, in order to make it easier for retail enterprises to implement digital solutions, service providers can provide modular and customizable solutions, so that enterprises can select and adjust corresponding functional modules according to their own needs, which can not only reduce the implementation difficulty of enterprises, but also improve the adaptability of solutions. Taking Tencent Enterprise Point, Antelope and JD.COM U+ as examples, in the specific service process, their service models can now be modularized and customized according to the needs of enterprises to help them build a complete digital link.

In addition, enterprises may encounter difficulties in technology, personnel and management when implementing digital solutions. Digital service providers should provide all-round training and support services for enterprises to help them successfully survive the transition period.

In order to ensure that digital solutions can bring practical benefits to enterprises, service providers should advocate results-oriented implementation strategies and ensure that they can create value for enterprises by continuously optimizing solutions.

In a word, the future retail digital scheme should be personalized, intelligent, scene-oriented, social and ecological, so as to meet the diversified needs of consumers and help enterprises achieve sustainable development. In this context, digital service providers need to constantly innovate and provide more competitive products and services to adapt to market changes.

Only in this way can the products of digital service providers be more versatile, and the balance between supply and demand can be achieved between retail enterprises and digital service providers, and the "thorn" of digital transformation of retail industry can be removed.

"Now it is not only the marketing problem that is simply solved, nor the private domain problem, but the retail design of the whole process from CDP (data center) to BA (text analysis) and MA (marketing automation), which includes consulting, and also includes the drive from data to behavior." A person in charge of a marketing company told us.

Write at the end:

Nowadays, it is not an exaggeration to say that the digital transformation of retail enterprises has become the core factor that determines the "life and death" of enterprises, especially for large retail enterprises.

A set of data shows that as of September 2022, the growth rate of online shopping of social consumer goods in China is 6.1%, of which 64% consumers choose online shopping, 36% consumers choose offline shopping, and 91% consumers choose online and offline shopping at the same time.

In other words, if enterprises can’t successfully carry out digital transformation and effectively integrate online and offline resources, then they are likely to be eliminated by the market.

In this era, consumers’ consumption habits have undergone fundamental changes. It is more and more inclined to shop online. For offline physical stores, it expects more convenient and personalized services. If enterprises can’t meet these needs, then enterprises are likely to lose consumers and face a crisis of survival.

Digital transformation does not just mean moving from offline to online, or returning from online to offline. It refers to how enterprises can upgrade their business by using new technologies and new models in the face of today’s fierce market competition to better meet the needs of consumers. In this process, enterprises need to break the original business model and deeply integrate online and offline channels to realize global marketing.

The digital transformation of retail enterprises in China is a great challenge to the survival and development of enterprises. Only those enterprises that can actively respond, be good at innovation and be brave in reform can stand out in this transformation and realize sustainable development. For service providers, retail digitalization is also a difficult but promising industry track, and service providers with full-link service capabilities from data to behavior-driven and effect-paid will also become the ultimate beneficiaries and winners.

Retail, from the ancient merchants to the modern digital "people and goods yard", is welcoming a new era of change under the blessing of software and AI.

1905 movie network news The box office performance, which has been released for some time, continues to climb. The global box office of this film has exceeded 1 billion US dollars. It is the first "1 billion club" film in 2023 and the total box office champion in the film history of game adaptation.

A few years ago, The Hollywood Reporter made a survey on the adaptation of movies from games. The survey concluded that Nintendo’s Super Mario Bros. is the game adaptation film that Americans most want to see, so the film is generally optimistic at the North American box office. The dubbing lineup of the film is extremely strong, with Mario as the dubbing voice, Princess Peach Blossom as the dubbing voice, donkey kong as the dubbing voice of Seth Logan, Lu Yiji as the dubbing voice of Cool Overlord, and Gigan michael kay as the dubbing voice of Toad.

Super Mario Bros. is the best-selling game series in history. After its first release in 1981, it became popular all over the world. The film and television circle has put it on the screen several times. This film was created by Nintendo and Lighting Entertainment. At present, no sequel has been exposed.

The long-term shortage of doctors and medicines in rural areas of China made Mao Zedong extremely dissatisfied. The long-standing unresolved problem finally made him angry in 1965. Maybe even Mao Zedong himself didn’t think that his anger changed the long-term lack of medical care and medicine in rural areas of China.

Mao Zedong made an angry "626" instruction.

In the countryside of old China, there was a shortage of doctors and medicines. Farmers can’t afford to get sick, but they just hold on. They can survive minor illnesses, and when they get seriously ill, they have to wait for death. After the founding of New China, the people’s government attached great importance to the medical and health problems of rural farmers, and took various concrete measures to solve them. However, there were very few doctors with formal training in China at that time, so it was difficult for the government to solve this historical problem overnight.

In view of this situation, Mao Zedong believes that Chinese medicine needs few instruments, is flexible and convenient to move, and is not expensive, so farmers can afford Chinese medicine. Therefore, developing Chinese medicine is beneficial to solving the problem of farmers’ difficulty in seeing a doctor. In 1958, he instructed: "China medicine is a great treasure house, which should be explored, sorted out and improved". However, it takes time to train a large number of Chinese medicine practitioners, and most of these Chinese medicine practitioners stay in urban hospitals to work, so the problem of lack of medical care and medicine in the vast rural areas has not been fundamentally solved.

The central government then turned to explore another solution-sending doctors from cities to form medical teams to the countryside to treat farmers. Mao Zedong has repeatedly instructed hospitals in cities to organize medical teams to go to the countryside to treat farmers. In order to carry out Mao Zedong’s instructions, before 1965, the state successively issued many plans, requiring hospitals at all levels to temporarily set up medical teams to go to the countryside to treat farmers. In January, 1965, Mao Zedong and the Central Committee approved the report of the Ministry of Health on organizing mobile medical teams to go to rural grass-roots units. Many medical experts responded one after another, such as Huang Jiasi, a famous expert in thoracic surgery, Zhou Huakang, a pediatrician, and Lin Qiaozhi, a gynecologist, all joined in and went deep into the countryside to be sent to the hospital. By the first half of 1965, 2800 medical students had been organized in cities all over the country to make rounds in rural areas.

However, due to the limited number of medical teams, they can only go to two or three towns every time they go to the countryside, and the medical teams can only go to the countryside lightly, so it is impossible to bring a little larger medical equipment and complete all the specialists, and it is impossible to effectively treat diseases for farmers. In addition, when the medical team goes to the countryside for a long time, hospitals at all levels have to disrupt their daily work to arrange personnel, and rural areas have to worry about arranging accommodation for the medical team. Therefore, many local medical teams have not been organized to go to the countryside for a long time, and it is still difficult for farmers to see a doctor.

In this regard, Mao Zedong is extremely dissatisfied.

Mao Zedong’s accumulated anger finally broke out on June 26th, 1965. On this day, according to the arrangement of the General Office of the Central Committee, Mao Zedong listened to the work report of Minister of Health Qian Xinzhong. After making a general report on the work of the Ministry of Health, Qian Xinzhong talked about the distribution of medical personnel and the proportion of medical funds used in the country: there are more than 1.4 million health technicians in the country, and 90% of senior medical personnel are in cities, of which 70% are in big cities, 20% are in county towns, and only 10% are in rural areas; Only 25% of medical funds are used in rural areas, while 75% are used in cities. Mao Zedong got angry when he heard this set of figures. He stood up with a serious face and said sternly: "The work of the Ministry of Health only works for 15% of the national population, and 15% of them are mainly old people. The broad masses of farmers can’t get medical treatment, no medicine, and no medicine. The Ministry of Health is not the Ministry of Health of the people, but the Ministry of Health of the city or the Ministry of Health of the city, or the Ministry of Health of the city! " "The focus of medical and health work should be placed in the countryside!" "Cultivate a large number of doctors who can afford it in rural areas, and they will serve farmers."

After Mao Zedong became angry, the Ministry of Health immediately studied ways to implement Mao Zedong’s instructions. Because Mao Zedong’s instruction in this anger was on June 26th, the Ministry of Health called Mao Zedong’s instruction on this day "the June 26th instruction".

More than a month later, Mao Zedong once again summoned Health Minister Qian Xinzhong and others to discuss the training of full-time health workers in rural areas. In this conversation, Mao Zedong focused on improving farmers’ medical conditions, and put forward the general idea of training full-time health workers in rural areas. Mao Zedong said, "The more books you read, the more stupid you become. Now that set of examination and treatment methods is not suitable for rural areas at all. The method of training doctors is also for the city, but there are more than 500 million farmers in China. " Mao Zedong went on to say: "To reform medical education, there is no need to read so many books at all … It is enough for high school graduates to study for three years, mainly to learn and improve in practice. Even if such doctors are put in rural areas, they are better than deceptive doctors and witch doctors, and they can afford it in rural areas."

Mao Zedong did not mention the word "barefoot doctor" when he gave the "June 26" instruction. But there is one of his instructions-a large number of doctors who can afford it in rural areas should treat farmers in rural areas. Mao Zedong also laid down two conditions for training such doctors: one is to graduate from high school and primary school, and the other is to study medicine for three years. These were just a basic idea of Mao Zedong at that time, and there was no complete and clear pattern in his mind. In this case, in carrying out Mao Zedong’s instructions, all localities generally follow Mao Zedong’s conditions, but the practices are different, the modes are different, and the names of rural doctors trained are different. But in any case, the work of popularizing rural medical and health care has been carried out rapidly throughout the country. On the basis of the widespread establishment of people’s hospitals in counties across the country, the state began to vigorously support qualified communes to quickly establish health centers, and at the same time, the Ministry of Health began to organize medical training for young people with some culture in rural areas.

Mao Zedong’s "June 26th" instruction gave birth to "barefoot doctors" in China.

Shanghai started medical training for young people with a little culture in rural areas earlier. The term "barefoot doctor" first appeared in Jiangzhen Commune, Chuansha County, Shanghai. It turns out that this commune began to run an accelerated medical training course in the summer of 1965, with a semester of 4 months, learning general medical knowledge and simple treatment methods for common diseases. After the students have completed their studies, they will return to the commune as health workers.

Among the first batch of students, one is Wang Guizhen, from Dagou Brigade of Jiangzhen Commune. She works very hard in her studies. Later, she herself recalled: I have never even entered the middle school, such as those chemical element symbols, what else is "greater than" and "less than" … To be honest, I really don’t understand at once. At that time, I was able to bear hardships myself and studied hard. The teacher told me to turn off the lights at 9 o’clock in the evening, and I took a small flashlight and saw it in the quilt at 12 o’clock …

Because Wang Guizhen studied hard in class, he soon mastered medical knowledge. After graduation, she was arranged to be a health worker in Jiangzhen Commune, and she was one of the first batch of health workers in the commune. At that time, there were 28 health workers in the first batch of Jiangzhen Commune. In fact, these health workers are still interns in the first-class hospitals in the commune, or nurses and paramedics. Farmers are sick, but they still have to come to commune hospitals. In other words, the health workers trained by the commune still didn’t go from village to village to treat farmers like rural doctors in the past. However, Wang Guizhen was different from others after graduation. He didn’t choose to stay in hospitals and other farmers for home treatment. Instead, he took up medicine boxes, went from village to village and even went to the fields to treat farmers. When farming is busy, she also takes part in agricultural labor.

At first, farmers didn’t believe that Wang Guizhen could cure diseases, saying that it would take several years to be a doctor, and this young girl could become a doctor after only four months? Can I see a doctor? But Wang Guizhen proved himself with practical actions. A patient has a toothache, and she wants to give the patient acupuncture. The patient dare not, for fear of pain, she pricks herself first. More and more patients were cured by Wang Guizhen, and people began to publicize her. More and more people sought her treatment, and she began to enjoy a reputation among farmers. In addition, Wang Guizhen and his companions planted more than 100 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines on a slope near the village, and set up a local pharmacy in the village. Using their limited medical knowledge, they came up with various ways to combine local culture with foreign culture, so that people around them could treat diseases with less money.

Wang Guizhen’s way of going from village to village like a village doctor in the past, even going to the fields to treat farmers and taking part in some agricultural labor during busy farming hours, did not attract the attention of the local party and government leading organs and health departments, but only publicized her deeds in the scope of learning from Lei Feng. Therefore, Wang Guizhen’s deeds were confined to the Shanghai grassroots at that time.

Associated with Wang Guizhen’s deeds, there is another person-Huang Yuxiang. Huang Yuxiang graduated from Suzhou Medical College in 1953. In the early 1960s, he and his wife, Zhang Aiping, were successively assigned to work in Jiangzhen Commune Health Center in Chuansha County, Shanghai, to treat farmers directly. In his work, he has a profound understanding of the current situation of lack of medical care and medicine in rural areas and the difficulty for farmers to see a doctor.

At that time, the conditions of Jiangzhen commune health center were extremely poor, that is, a rented private house, without high-pressure steam disinfection equipment and even pressure cooker. The most basic medical instruments such as syringes were disinfected by boiling, which were all unqualified. It is under such conditions that Huang Yuxiang still tries every means to treat farmers. While serving the local farmers seriously, he also pays attention to using what he has learned to teach local health workers medical knowledge so that more people can treat farmers. After Mao Zedong’s "June 26th Instruction" was issued, he began to actively participate in the work of training local rural health workers in Jiangzhen Commune. He also became the teacher of the first batch of rural medical students including Wang Guizhen. At the same time, he often goes to the countryside to treat diseases for farmers, which is deeply loved by farmers. Huang Yuxiang’s deeds have also been affirmed by the local party and government departments.

Wang Guizhen and Huang Yuxiang’s practice of serving the people wholeheartedly is well received by local farmers. Because of a variety of rice, local farmers usually work barefoot in paddy fields, so local farmers have long had a simple concept-"barefoot" and "labor" are the same meaning. Local farmers called Wang Guizhen a "barefoot doctor" when they saw that she often took part in some labor while seeing doctors for farmers. In fact, "barefoot doctor" means practicing medicine without leaving work. As Huang Yuxiang said, "barefoot doctors" are called by farmers themselves.

However, the deeds of both Wang Guizhen and Huang Yuxiang were only affirmed and publicized by the local government at that time, and the focus of publicity was also their spirit of serving the people wholeheartedly. As for the word "barefoot doctor", it has not yet become the focus of publicity. The deeds of Wang and Huang have not been publicized nationwide, and naturally they are not known in Mao Zedong, and the word "barefoot doctor" is not known to the people of the whole country.

The situation changed in 1968. This year, it has been nearly three years since the health departments of Chuansha County and Shanghai publicized the deeds of Wang Guizhen and Huang Yuxiang. After this period of precipitation, their deeds have stood the test, and they also have some experiences worth popularizing in a wider range. So Shanghai sent reporters to Jiangzhen, Chuansha County to investigate and interview. During the interview, well-informed and sensitive journalists realized that what Wang and Huang did was consistent with the instructions given by Mao Zedong a few years ago and the way he advocated. So instead of writing the interview results into a general report, they wrote an investigation report. During the writing process, the reporters made a careful analysis of the deeds of Wang and Huang, and at the same time repeatedly experienced Mao Zedong’s instructions on improving rural medical conditions from the 1950s to the early 1960s. They felt that the practices of Wang and Huang in Jiangzhen Commune were in line with the spirit of Mao Zedong’s instructions. Therefore, the investigation report deeply explores and explains Mao Zedong’s instructions and the deeds of Wang and Huang, which are inherently related. In writing, the reporters strive for perfection in writing, making the articles as lively as possible, and for the first time, they use the name "barefoot doctor" that local farmers call Wang and Huang, and directly use the word "barefoot doctor" unfamiliar to the whole country in the title. The title is finally "Looking at the direction of medical education revolution from the growth of" barefoot doctor ".

In the summer of 1968, Wen Wei Po, an influential Shanghai newspaper, published this survey report in an important position. After the publication of this article, it immediately attracted the attention of the propaganda department in Beijing. The investigation report was reprinted in the third issue of Red Flag magazine published in September of that year and People’s Daily published on September 14th. The article has been published in three major newspapers, which naturally aroused widespread concern. Especially in this article, for the first time, the rural health workers who are semi-medical and semi-agricultural are called "barefoot doctors", which is refreshing.

This article attracted the attention of Mao Zedong. Mao Zedong carefully read this article published in the People’s Daily on September 14th, and instructed in the People’s Daily he read: "Barefoot doctors are good." At that time, Mao Zedong’s instructions were "supreme instructions". Therefore, Mao Zedong’s instructions were quickly issued and immediately translated into the actions of party and government departments at all levels. Since then, "barefoot doctor" has become a specific title for rural doctors who are half-agricultural and half-medical. More importantly, according to this idea, on the basis of people’s hospitals at county level and health centers at commune level, clinics have been set up at brigade (equivalent to the present village) level all over the country, forming a rural three-level medical system. In the first brigade

The medical staff working in the first-class clinic are all "barefoot doctors" who are "half farmers and half doctors". At the same time, health departments at all levels began to make great efforts to train a large number of "semi-agricultural and semi-medical" personnel according to the practice of Jiangzhen Commune in Chuansha County, Shanghai. At that time, it was also the climax of educated youth going to the countryside. A group of junior and senior high school students who went to the countryside, because of their higher educational level than the local peasant youth, naturally became the main body of "barefoot doctors" training who were "semi-agricultural and semi-medical". After their studies, most of them became "barefoot doctors". This situation has prompted China’sThe team of "barefoot doctors" formed rapidly in a short period of time, and the medical situation in rural areas changed rapidly. The "semi-agricultural and semi-medical" groups active in the vast rural areas have indeed been welcomed by the majority of farmers. Farmers have a headache and brain fever, so they don’t have to go to commune or county to treat it, and the general injuries suffered in labor can be treated in time. Moreover, farmers see a doctor in the brigade clinic or commune health center, and the medical expenses mainly come from the funds accumulated by the commune and brigade. Apart from deducting a small amount of work, members basically don’t spend any money, and some places don’t even charge a registration fee of 5 cents. How can this not be sincerely supported and welcomed by the majority of farmers?

In the mid-1970s, "barefoot doctors" diagnosed and treated diseases for herdsmen.

"Barefoot doctor" gave birth to the cooperative medical system of rural brigade

With the formation of the scale of "barefoot doctors", the rural cooperative medical system was established at that time. The rural cooperative medical system was invented by a barefoot doctor named Qin Xiangguan in Hubei Province. At that time, he was a doctor in the health center of Paradise Commune. Through in-depth investigation of various production teams, drawing on the experience of the Party leading farmers to organize credit cooperatives to get rid of the exploitation of usury and supply and marketing cooperatives to get rid of the exploitation of profiteers, and taking into account the idea of organizing farmers to run cooperative medical care and relying on collective strength to fight diseases, he came up with the Draft on the Trial Implementation of Farmers’ Cooperative Medical Treatment by Dujiacun Brigade of Paradise Commune. This draft has been affirmed and supported by the brigade and commune. In order to turn Qin Xiangguan’s draft into reality, Paradise Commune strongly supported Dujia Village Brigade to run the clinic.

On August 10th, 1966, this clinic in Tujia Village, Changyang, western Hubei was put on the market. The specific measures of this cooperative medical system are: each farmer pays 1 yuan’s cooperative medical expenses every year, and the village draws an average of 50 cents from the collective public welfare fund as the cooperative medical fund. Except for a few chronic diseases who need to take medicine all the year round, the masses only pay a registration fee of 5 cents every time they see a doctor, so taking medicine is free.

At the same time, under the drive of Qin Xiangguan, all the staff in the clinic set out to collect effective earthwork to treat farmers. Their practice was later summarized as "three soils", namely, local medicine, local medicine and local pharmacy. They also planted, collected and made Chinese herbal medicines themselves to treat local farmers. This practice was later summarized as "four selves", that is, self-planting, self-harvesting, self-control and self-use. At the same time, they took the initiative to investigate the situation of sick people among farmers, striving to achieve: early treatment of diseases, early prevention of diseases, "not much money, convenient treatment; A minor illness does not leave the team, and a serious illness does not leave the club. " The Hubei Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China publicized and promoted Qin Xiangguan’s deeds and the cooperative medical system of Dujiacun Brigade. Shortly after Mao Zedong gave the instruction that "barefoot doctors are good", the Hubei Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China sent a survey report reflecting the cooperative medical care situation of Paradise Commune to the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC in 1968.

The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attached great importance to this experience. After sending personnel to verify this experience, he took the materials reflecting this experience to the rural areas in the suburbs of Beijing and organized farmers to hold two symposiums for discussion. On November 30, 1968, the relevant departments of the central government specially wrote a report to Mao Zedong. After reading the report, Mao Zedong was very happy. He repeatedly praised the cooperative medical system and immediately wrote four words on the report: "This will be done." Mao Zedong’s instruction is an affirmation of the rural cooperative medical system.

Since then, with the affirmation and support of Mao Zedong, barefoot doctors have been set up at the brigade level, and cooperative medical system has been established at the brigade level, which became a new thing in China at that time, and as the largest welfare system for hundreds of millions of farmers in China, it was established in China.

"Barefoot doctor" is a practitioner of "serving the people"

The "barefoot doctors" did not live up to Mao Zedong’s expectations. They live and work in the countryside, and treat the peasants. They are really practitioners of Mao Zedong’s call of "serving the people".

At that time, "barefoot doctors" were still farmers, living in the countryside and earning work points (subsidies also appeared in the form of work points), so farmers could afford them.

They are the villagers and are closely related to the local farmers. Even the educated youth are "barefoot doctors", they are also villagers, so farmers can use them. They don’t have good medical equipment in their hands, but they all carry a medicine box with simple medical instruments and medicines. Farmers are sick and on call, regardless of time, place and weather. When there are no patients, they work in the fields. "Put down the medicine box and go to the ground, take up the medicine box for home visits" is a vivid portrayal of "barefoot doctor".

But the "barefoot doctor" also has "two treasures": one is silver needle and the other is herbal medicine. "The cure depends on the silver needle, and the medicine is found in the mountains" is a jingle used by farmers to describe the work of "barefoot doctors" at that time. These two treasures, "barefoot doctors", are still effective in treating common diseases and don’t cost much, so they are welcomed by farmers. Therefore, "barefoot doctors" have become the patron saint of the health of farmers.

As the patron saint of farmers’ health, barefoot doctors should not only have certain medical knowledge, but also have a dedication to serve the people wholeheartedly. As long as one of the farmers is sick, the "barefoot doctor" will rush to the patient for treatment at the first time.

In grasslands and mountainous areas, you can often see "barefoot doctors" braving the wind and snow, climbing mountains and crossing rivers. Moreover, the rural areas in China were generally poor at that time, and the cooperative medical system established under such circumstances could only provide "barefoot doctors" with limited drugs, and all they had were general analgesic and anti-inflammatory injections, mercuric chloride, iodine and aspirin. In order to increase medicines for treating farmers and reduce their medical burden, they often go up the mountain to collect Chinese herbal medicines. In addition to these, the "barefoot doctor" also shoulders the task of health and epidemic prevention and health care for local farmers. In those days, the work of epidemic prevention and health care organized by the state involving the whole people was carried out by the "barefoot doctor" to farmers who accounted for 90% of the population. To this day, "thousands of families leave footprints, and medicine boxes smell of earth" is still the warmest memory of farmers in that era for "barefoot doctors".

Both "barefoot doctors" and cooperative medical care have had world influence.

In the early 1970s, China began to improve its relations with the West, and the story of "barefoot doctors" spread abroad, which had a great influence abroad. In 1969, the "Training Textbook for Barefoot Doctors (for Southern China)" mainly written by Huang Yuxiang was published.

In 1970, the Handbook of Barefoot Doctors compiled by Shanghai College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Zhejiang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine was published by Shanghai Publishing Revolution Group. These two books are clear, simple and practical, focusing on treating common diseases of farmers. They have not only become necessary teaching materials for barefoot doctors, but also attracted the attention of the international community. In particular, the Handbook of Barefoot Doctors not only has one copy for the "barefoot doctors" in the whole country, but also for doctors in regular hospitals for their reference when treating patients. Many ordinary people also buy reading to increase some medical knowledge, and compare it to understand the health of themselves and their families; Sick people also learn some treatments through it. Some people even say that "The Manual of Barefoot Doctors" was the book whose circulation was second only to "Quotations from Chairman Mao", which has some truth. After the publication of the Handbook of Barefoot Doctors, UNESCO translated it into more than 50 languages and distributed it all over the world. In today’s bookstores in many countries around the world, you can still see the English version of the Handbook of Barefoot Doctors.

Handbook of barefoot doctors

In 1972, several scholars from Stanford University in the United States filmed a 52-minute documentary entitled "Barefoot Doctors in Rural China" in China. This documentary truly recorded the situation that "barefoot doctors" in China used local materials, made drugs for common diseases in rural areas and used small silver needles to treat serious diseases. After the film was shown in many countries, it caused a strong response. It is this film that has pushed China’s "barefoot doctors" to the world and promoted the global "barefoot doctors fever in China".

In 1974, the World Health Assembly was held in Geneva. As a representative of "barefoot doctors" in China, Wang Guizhen attended the meeting and made a 15-minute speech at the meeting. In the process of attending the meeting, she personally felt people’s concern and love for "barefoot doctors" in China.

At the beginning of September, 1976, the 27th session of the Western Pacific Regional Committee of the World Health Organization and the Conference on Primary Health Care in the Pacific Region of the World Health Organization were held in Manila, the capital of the Philippines, attended by representatives from 33 countries and regions. China barefoot doctors and representatives of cooperative medical care Huang Yuxiang and Qin Xiangguan attended the meeting. At the meeting, Qin Xiangguan gave a report entitled "Rural Grassroots Health Work in China", and then answered questions from ministers of health of participating countries and major media reporters. Qin Xiangguan’s report and answers amazed all the people present at the meeting. They praised China for creating a miracle on earth.

Since then, "barefoot doctor" and "cooperative medical care" have become terms with angel meaning in the world. Until today, no matter what political views you hold, no matter what color you are, foreigners will give a thumbs-up whenever they hear "barefoot doctors" and "cooperative medical care".

In the early 1980s, with the implementation of the household contract responsibility system in China, agricultural business units were reduced to the size of families. The method of paying by work no longer exists, and it is difficult for barefoot doctors and cooperative medical care to survive. In early 1985,The Ministry of Health has decided to stop using the term "barefoot doctor". The original "barefoot doctor" will be assessed, and those who pass the examination will be recognized as rural doctors, and they can continue to practice medicine after obtaining medical qualifications. On January 25th, 1985, People’s Daily published the article "Stop using the name of" barefoot doctor "and consolidate the development of rural doctors". The "barefoot doctor" no longer exists, and the cooperative medical care that coexists with it has also disintegrated. At this point, "barefoot doctors" and "cooperative medical care" have become historical terms. However, it is undeniable that Mao Zedong’s anger in 1965 changed the long-term lack of medical care and medicine in rural areas of China, and it is still a warm memory of hundreds of millions of farmers for that era. It should also be affirmed that the spirit of serving the people wholeheartedly contained in Mao Zedong’s instructions in those years is still shining. In today’s realistic environment, the form of cooperative medical care between "barefoot doctors" and brigades certainly needs to keep pace with the times. In fact, many good practices, good experiences and even major experiences have been absorbed by the "new rural cooperative medical system" promoted by the central government and become an important part of the party and government’s policy of benefiting the people.

　　 　"According to the previous survey of school-age children in the jurisdiction, some schools have a high degree shortage due to the dense population distribution within the service scope and the growing population of new residential quarters. In 2023, they will face a situation beyond the existing degree acceptance capacity." In mid-June, the Education Bureau of Anning District, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province issued such a "degree warning", indicating that the scope of primary and secondary school enrollment will be appropriately adjusted. "School-age children in the district will be admitted in strict accordance with the batch order, and unacceptable students will be arranged by the District Education Bureau to enroll in other schools."

　　 　Entering the "enrollment season", school enrollment in the compulsory education stage affects the hearts of thousands of parents of prospective first-year students. With the seventh year of the implementation of the "two-child policy", the conduction effect brought by the "baby boom" is concentrated in this year’s primary school entrance. According to media reports, since the beginning of this year, Beijing, Guangzhou, Jinan, Dalian, Changchun, Qingdao and Chengdu have issued degree warnings for primary and secondary schools. Will this year be the "hardest year to enter school"? Behind the degree warning, how can all localities ensure that they are "close to school" and "eager to learn"? The reporter conducted an interview.

　　Large increment of school-age population and regional imbalance cause "degree shortage"

　　 　For some primary and secondary school students in Beilun District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, going to physical education class should be "upstairs" rather than "downstairs" — — Their playground was built on the roof.

　　 　"Not only the playground was built with fences on the roof, but also a runway was opened around the teaching building and next to the fence. Almost all the available open spaces have been developed into sports venues. " Liu Jie, chief of the Basic Education Section of the Education Bureau of this district, told the reporter that in order to increase the per capita exercise area, some schools had to "look around for space".

　　 　Behind the emergency move is the increasing number of local students and students. Liu Jie told reporters, "This year’s increment is the biggest. At least 1,000 new degrees should be added in the whole region. According to the maximum class size of no more than 45 students, more than 20 new classes have to be added."

　　 　The "peak" of the degree demand increase is not only reflected in the first-and second-tier cities in coastal developed areas. According to a material provided by the Education and Sports Bureau of Xihu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, with the implementation of the comprehensive two-child policy in 2016, the number of students enrolled in compulsory education in this district has shown a significant growth trend in 2022, and the number of students enrolled in 2023 will come from the year with the highest birth rate in the whole region, and the number of school-age children will reach a new high.

　　 　"The data shows that in September 2022, there were 6,652 students enrolled in primary schools and 2,240 students enrolled in junior high schools in Xihu District. The total number of students enrolled increased by 972 compared with 2021, and the number of students enrolled increased by 3,120 compared with 2021 (excluding municipal and private schools). Through the bottom-up analysis, the number of bottom-ups in 2023 increased by 1,282 compared with that in 2022 (excluding municipal and private schools). " According to the relevant person in charge, "according to the pre-judgment, there will be 7671 primary school-age children in this district this year."

　　 　In addition to the large increase of school-age students, the regional distribution of required degrees is uneven, which is another feature of the data. The reporter learned that the growth of school-age children and adolescents in Xihu District of Nanchang City in 2023 was bounded by Hongcheng Road, and the total amount of the old city and Chaoyangzhou area increased slightly, with the main growth concentrated in Hongcheng area and Chaoyang New City area south of Hongcheng Road. It can be seen that for the new city area, the degree shortage situation is more obvious.

　　 　"It is estimated that the school-age population of basic education in Ganzhou will gradually fall back after reaching the peak of 1.8 million in 2022, but the school-age population will quickly concentrate in cities," said Lai Zhengwen, deputy mayor of Ganzhou Municipal People’s Government of Jiangxi Province. "The proportion of students in county towns is 68.5%, which has exceeded the urbanization rate of 56.4%, and the gap in urban compulsory education degrees is about 200,000."

　　 　"Some areas appear ‘ Degree shortage ’ The problem may be related to the local education authorities and other relevant departments’ inaccurate prediction of the population birth rate and the demand for educational resources. " Wang Jianmin, a professor and doctoral supervisor at Beijing Normal University, said that due to factors such as economic and social development, new situations and new features such as increased mobility of school-age children have emerged, and the education authorities should make predictions and actively respond to changes in the demand for teaching resources.

　　Take multiple measures to dig up the stock and promote the increment, so as to ensure that we should live within our means.

　　 　"The situation was predicted a few years ago. This new wave was reflected in the number of kindergarten students three years ago, and then it will be transmitted to secondary schools step by step." Liu Jie said, "In this case, we will definitely give an early warning, or we must ensure that we should make every effort and enter the school nearby."

　　 　"According to estimates, Xihu District of Nanchang City can actually provide 7,965 degrees (according to 45 students/class) in 177 primary schools in 2023, which can generally meet the increase in the enrollment demand of school-age children and adolescents in the whole region in 2023. We are trying our best to recruit students at the peak of the enrollment population to ensure that every school-age child and teenager in the region can enter school normally." The relevant person in charge of Xihu District said.

　　 　Faced with the demand for new degrees with a large total amount and uneven geographical distribution, local initiatives are different. The common measure is to make full use of the new degree resources by properly adjusting the division of school districts. The reporter learned that there is a new campus west of Ziyu Road and south of Shuichang Road in Nanchang — — Ziyu Campus of Nanchang Zhanqian Road School Education Group will be delivered in the near future, and it will officially open in September. There are 36 classes in the campus, including 24 classes in primary schools, which can accommodate 1080 people. There are 12 classes in junior high school, which can accommodate 600 people. According to the arrangement, another 26 classrooms can be rebuilt and expanded in the campus, with the maximum capacity of 62 classes. It is estimated that 1,890 new degrees can be added in primary schools and 1,050 new degrees can be added in junior high schools.

　　 　"Through the previous field research, the campus has drawn up the corresponding school district division plan according to the degree it can provide and the degree demand. According to the specific geographical location of the campus and the principle of taking the main road as the boundary, the surrounding areas east of Taohua South Road, south of Shuichang Road, west of Zhenjun Road and north of Jiuzhou Street are designated as the school district scope, which can alleviate the degree shortage of Taohua Campus (formerly Taohua School) of Railway No.1 School Education Group." Yan Qianqian, deputy head of the Compulsory Education Unit of Xihu District Education and Sports Bureau, introduced.

　　 　Liu Jie said that private schools will take advantage of the opportunity of "changing from private schools to public schools" to allocate new degree resources to areas with tight degrees. "Private schools were originally enrolled for the whole region, and now the policy has been adjusted to block-oriented recruitment, which is supplemented to some public schools with tight resources in the school district. These schools have a good standard of running schools and ordinary people are willing to go. "

　　 　In addition to making good use of new resources, it is also the choice of many regions to fully tap the "stock". Faced with the increasing enrollment demand year by year, some schools in Chaoyang New Town in Nanchang have checked the existing teaching space and invited professionals to make planning and accounting. The results show that the increase in enrollment demand can be met by transforming the existing classrooms.

　　 　"The campus renovation project of OCT Campus of Zhanqian Road School Education Group is expected to renovate 27 classrooms and 14 offices, and 725 new degrees can be added; The whole campus classroom renovation project of Songbai School Education Group Chaoyang Campus is expected to renovate 29 classrooms, which can add 1,240 degrees. Relevant work will be implemented from July to August to ensure timely completion and ensure the smooth enrollment of the two schools in 2023. " The relevant person in charge said.

　　 　"Generally speaking, if local government departments do a good job in demand forecasting, they can solve it by increasing teaching classes without building new schools. For the substantial increase in the demand for educational resources, we can consider setting up a new school to deal with it. " Wang Jianmin analyzed.

　　Strengthen the forward-looking policy and reasonably respond to the changes in the demand for educational resources.

　　 　Liu Jie said that by recruiting more than 200 teachers in various subjects and conducting pre-job training in time, there are still ways to think about "software", "‘ Hardware ’ Short-term supply shortage is more realistic. The design scale of a school is certain. After increasing the number of classes, the area of playgrounds, toilets and canteens per capita will become tense. " Liu Jie said that at present, some schools can only improve the use efficiency by means of multiple rounds of dining, and alleviate the problem of insufficient space per capita.

　　 　"In recent years, Beilun District has made a comprehensive plan for the construction of basic education resources and laid out many schools. However, after all, a school has a long use cycle from new construction to investment, which may not keep up with the increase of students, and the configuration is still slightly lagging behind. " Liu Jie said that if the three large-scale schools can be put into use in succession in 2024-2025, the per capita tension will be fully relieved from next year to the year after. "A grade can add at least 1,000 degrees."

　　 　"While ensuring the supply of classrooms and ensuring the demand for admission, Xihu District will also do a good job in upgrading the hardware of each campus in the region, and strive to improve the conditions for running schools and build a quality campus." The person in charge said that the district adopts the strategy of "one chess game" in the whole district, ensures the scientific flow of teachers in the region through the two-way communication mechanism within and outside the group, reasonably selects new teachers for posts through personnel agents, increases teacher training, and ensures that full-time teachers in new degree schools are adequately equipped.

　　 　Wang Jianmin believes that in the short term, the problem of degree shortage in areas may have a certain impact on the teaching quality due to the expansion of class size, the addition of new classes and the introduction of new teachers. Various forces should be mobilized to solve it in time, with government departments leading, social forces supporting and parents actively cooperating. "Classrooms, multimedia, laboratories and other resources will have an impact, but the key is the shortage of high-quality teachers. Teachers’ teaching level and classroom management experience are scarce resources, which cannot be achieved overnight, and it takes time to accumulate and precipitate."

　　 　Then, with the decline of the number of people born after the "peak", will the new education and teaching resources be "idle"?

　　 　"From the data of kindergarten enrollment, we predict that there will definitely be a wave of decline in the next few years, but it will not drop anywhere." Liu Jie said that Beilun District of Ningbo is located in the coastal area, and its industrial base is mainly manufacturing, which is attractive to foreign population and its base will not drop too obviously. "Then with ‘ Peak ’ As time goes by, junior and senior high schools will have to supplement many resources; Now the state promotes the construction of a high-quality balanced area for compulsory education, and the number of primary school classes can be appropriately reduced; In addition, faculty and staff also retire naturally every year, which can basically maintain a relative balance. "

　　 　The reporter noted that the Opinions on Building a High-quality and Balanced Basic Public Education Service System issued by the Central Office and the State Council not long ago proposed that all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) should formulate standards for the allocation of urban compulsory education degrees, and cities and counties should rationally plan and guarantee sufficient construction land, strictly implement the regulations on the allocation of schools in new residential quarters, and speed up the expansion and expansion of urban schools.

　　 　"First, we must establish an early warning mechanism for resource allocation risks, and strengthen information integration, monitoring and early warning of population and education data; Second, we should optimize the distribution of educational resources according to the changes of school-age population and urban economic and social development, and make up for the gap in resource supply as a whole; Third, we should optimize the allocation of teachers’ resources and fully implement ‘ District Management School Appointment ’ Reform, through the combination of teacher preparation and government procurement services, timely supplement the shortage of subject teachers, strengthen the construction of high-school and consistent schools, and vigorously cultivate teachers with high-school and backwards compatibility ability to enhance the overall deployment ability. " Meng Hui, deputy mayor of Wuhan Municipal People’s Government, said.

　　 　"In short, the large-scale emigration or return of the population and the changes in the birth rate of newborns should be taken as an important basis for the education authorities to evaluate the changes in the demand for educational resources, and they should make judgments and plans and make timely adjustments to avoid them as much as possible ‘ Degree shortage ’ Or ‘ Excess degree ’ Situation. " Wang Jianmin proposed.

　　 　(Reporter Zhou Shixiang)

Dietary Guidelines for China Residents (2016) was promulgated a few days ago. The dietary guidelines for China residents were first published in 1989, and then revised twice in 1997 and 2007. This is the third revision. So, where is the new dietary guide for residents? How will it affect residents’ dietary choices and nutritional intake? Professor Qi Yumei, Vice Chairman of Clinical Nutrition Committee of China Nutrition Society, Director of China Nutrition Society and Director of Nutrition Department of the Third Central Hospital of this city, interpreted the Dietary Guidelines for China Residents (2016).

Chinese people’s lack of nutrition and overnutrition coexist.　The new guide takes into account both challenges.

Qi Yumei said that all countries in the world will issue dietary guidelines formulated by governments and scientific groups. Dietary guide is based on the principles of nutrition science and the nutritional needs of human body, combined with the local food production and supply situation and people’s life practice, which is specially put forward for food selection and physical activities. Dietary guide is the basic document of the national public nutrition policy. Every article and sentence of it is based on a lot of scientific research, and it is the mainstream consensus of nutrition experts at home and abroad. It is highly scientific and instructive to residents, food processing and production enterprises, agricultural production, medical service and evaluation, and it is very important for the country to achieve public health management and goals.

The Report on Nutrition and Chronic Diseases of Residents in China (2015) shows that although the dietary energy supply of residents in China is sufficient and their physical development and nutritional status have generally improved, the dietary nutrition structure and disease spectrum of residents have changed in general, and they are facing the dual challenges of nutritional deficiency and overnutrition. This is manifested in the low consumption of beans and milk, excessive fat intake and malnutrition in some areas. The problems of overweight, obesity and high incidence of chronic diseases caused by overnutrition are prominent. The overweight rate of adults aged 18 and above in China is as high as 30.1%, the prevalence rate of hypertension is 25.2%, and the prevalence rate of diabetes is 9.7%, all of which show an obvious upward trend compared with 2002. Dietary Guidelines for China Residents (2016) is a revision of the old version of the dietary guidelines, which fully considers the current situation of nutrition and residents’ health in China, and combines many factors such as the eating habits of the Chinese nation and the accessibility of food in different regions.

Six core recommendations of the new edition guide　The adaptive population has expanded to over 2 years old.

The coverage of the new version of the guide has changed from 6 years old in 2007 to over 2 years old, which makes it clear that 2-year-old children should start a balanced diet lifestyle consistent with adults. The guide puts forward six core recommendations, which can meet the needs of human nutrition and health to the maximum extent.

Recommendation 1: Foods are diverse and cereals are the main food.

A balanced diet model is the basis for ensuring the nutritional needs and health of human body to the greatest extent, and food diversity is the basic principle of a balanced diet model. The new guidelines recommend that the daily diet should include cereals, vegetables and fruits, livestock, fish, eggs and milk, soybeans and nuts. Eat more than 12 kinds of food every day and more than 25 kinds every week on average. Eat 250-400g of cereals and potatoes every day, including 50-150g of whole grains and miscellaneous beans and 50-100g of potatoes.

Expert analysis: Qi Yumei said that the new version of the guide adheres to the "cereal-based" dietary pattern. Different from the old version, it separates cereals from potatoes and advocates eating some whole grains. In other words, you must eat staple food, and it should account for more than half of the total. A large number of scientific studies have proved that whole grains are beneficial to prevent diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, intestinal cancer and other cancers. Whole grains include rice, barley, corn, buckwheat, millet, brown rice, black rice, oats, sorghum and wheat grains.

Recommend 2 to eat a balanced healthy weight.

People of all ages should exercise every day and maintain a healthy weight. Eat too much, control the total energy intake and keep the energy balance. Adhere to daily physical activities, and carry out moderate-intensity physical activities for at least 5 days a week for more than 150 minutes; Active physical activity is best at 6000 steps a day. Reduce sedentary time and get up and move every hour.

Expert analysis: Qi Yumei said that the new guide refines the amount of physical activity, especially emphasizing that 6000 steps is the active movement of the body, which is a conscious physical activity based on daily steps, and does not include daily activity consumption, such as doing housework and mopping the floor. People who need to lose weight should exercise for more than 40 minutes.

It is recommended to eat more fruits, vegetables and dairy soybeans.

Vegetables and fruits are an important part of a balanced diet. Milk is rich in calcium and soybeans are rich in high-quality protein. There are vegetables in meals, and it is guaranteed to consume 300 to 500g of vegetables every day, and dark vegetables should account for 1/2. Eat fruit every day and ensure that you consume 200 to 350g of fresh fruit every day. Fruit juice cannot replace fresh fruit. Eating all kinds of dairy products is equivalent to 300g of liquid milk every day. Eat soy products regularly and nuts in moderation.

Expert analysis: Qi Yumei said that the recommendation of vegetable intake in the new guide has not changed significantly, but it is clearly stated that dark vegetables should account for more than half of the total vegetable intake. This is because dark vegetables contain more vitamins, especially β -carotene and other vitamins and minerals than light vegetables. In the 2007 edition of the guide, it is emphasized that the average daily fruit intake is 200-400g, which is reduced to 200-350g in the new edition. At the same time, it is particularly emphasized that the effect of juicing fruit is different from that of eating whole fresh fruit directly. Most dietary fiber is lost in fruit juice, which seriously affects its health care function. This guide reduced the recommended intake of soybeans and nuts from 30 to 50g to 25g of soybeans and 10g of nuts. This is because Chinese residents have consumed a lot of vegetable oil in their daily cooking. If they consume too much soybeans and nuts, they may consume too much fat.

It is recommended to eat fish, eggs and lean meat in moderation.

Eat 280-525g of fish, 280-525g of livestock and poultry meat and 280-350g of eggs every week, with an average daily intake of 120-200g. Give priority to fish and poultry. Eat eggs without discarding the yolk. Eat less fat, smoked and pickled meat products.

Expert analysis: Qi Yumei said, "Eating eggs without discarding yolk" is a very important difference between the new guide and the old guide, which means that the new guide no longer restricts the intake of dietary cholesterol. This is because the existing evidence can’t prove that there is a significant correlation between dietary cholesterol and serum cholesterol, but only limits the saturated fatty acids that can enhance cholesterol synthesis ability, that is, the energy provided by saturated fatty acids intake does not exceed 10% of the total energy. You don’t have to throw away the yolk when eating eggs, because besides the terrible 200 mg cholesterol, the yolk also contains a variety of healthy nutrients and health-care ingredients, including 12 vitamins, various trace elements, and health-care ingredients such as lecithin, lutein and zeaxanthin. In addition, the new guidelines widen the intake of fish, poultry, eggs and lean meat to "weeks" in the recommendation of animal foods. This flexible diet not only pays attention to the total nutrient intake, but is more suitable for the life characteristics of modern residents with "fast pace of life and eating out more".

It is recommended to control sugar and alcohol with less salt and oil.

Cultivate light eating habits and eat less high-salt and fried foods. Adults should eat no more than 6g of salt and 25-30g of cooking oil every day. Control the intake of added sugar, and the daily intake should not exceed 50g, preferably below 25g. The daily intake of trans fatty acids should not exceed 2g. Drink plenty of water, 7 to 8 cups (1500 to 1700ml) per day for adults, and advocate drinking boiled water and tea; Do not drink or drink less sugary drinks. Children and adolescents, pregnant women and nursing mothers should not drink alcohol. If adults drink alcohol, the amount of alcohol consumed by men in a day should not exceed 25g, and that of women should not exceed 15g.

Expert analysis: Qi Yumei said that the new guidelines formally put forward "sugar control" for the first time, in which the restrictions on adding sugar are completely consistent with the recommendations of the World Health Organization in 2015, and it is recommended to control the sugar intake of children and adults below 10% of the total energy intake to prevent obesity, dental caries and other problems. This time, the problem of "adding sugar" was particularly emphasized in sugar control. This requires people to learn to read the nutritional composition table on food packaging. Usually, added sugar refers to sugar and syrup added to food or beverage when processing and preparing food, including sucrose (white sugar, granulated sugar, brown sugar), glucose, fructose (crystalline or amorphous), various syrups and so on. The low salt or sodium content of low-salt and low-sugar food must meet the conditions that the sodium content is less than or equal to 120mg/100g of solid food or liquid food. Low sugar is less than 5g/100g. This guide also puts forward new suggestions on drinking water. In the 2007 edition, it is emphasized that the average daily drinking water of the whole people should reach 1,200 ml, and the new edition should be raised to 1,500 ml to 1,700 ml, increasing the amount of a glass of water.

Recommendation 6 put an end to waste and promote new food

Cherish food, buy food as needed, prepare meals as needed, and advocate sharing meals without wasting. Choose fresh and hygienic food and suitable cooking methods. Learn to read food labels and choose food reasonably, and we should start from everyone. Go home for dinner, enjoy food and family ties, create and support a new civilized diet and social environment, inherit excellent diet culture, and establish a new healthy diet.

Expert analysis: Qi Yumei said that the bottom of Finland’s national diet pagoda is a scene of family dinner, and the new guide also emphasizes the humanistic concept of going home to eat and eating harmoniously. "Whether from the perspective of nutrition or family harmony, it is of great benefit to encourage people to go home to eat more." Qi Yumei said, "It is more in line with the requirements of civilized development to advocate the change of diet and customs. With the progress of the times and the improvement of living conditions, people should sublate and develop traditional eating habits. " (Zhao Jin)