Weather in Jinjiang： Recently, the temperature fluctuates greatly. Pay attention to keep warm and prevent colds.

　　Yesterday, Jinjiang was dominated by cloudy weather. In the early morning, some coastal towns and streets had light rain falling. As the sun shone on the earth through clouds, the temperature gradually rose in the afternoon. The highest temperature in most towns and streets was above 19℃, of which 22.8℃ measured in Xiyuan Street was the highest in the city.

　　The reporter learned from the Jinjiang Meteorological Observatory that it is expected that in the next few days, Jinjiang will be dominated by cloudy to sunny weather, with the highest temperature around 20 C. Affected by a new weak cold air, the temperature will drop by 3℃ ~ 4℃ tomorrow. Recently, the temperature is low in the morning and colds are frequent. The reporter reminds everyone to increase or decrease clothes reasonably and beware of catching a cold.

　　It’s sunny to cloudy today, with 13℃ ~ 20℃, 5 ~ 6 northeast winds and 7 ~ 8 gusts along the coast; It will turn sunny to cloudy tomorrow, at 10℃ ~ 16℃, with 5 ~ 6 coastal northeast winds and 7 ~ 8 gusts; It will be fine in the later days, 9℃ ~ 19℃, with 4 ~ 5 northeast winds and 5 ~ 6 gusts along the coast.

　　(Reporter Lin Xiaojie)

Source: Jinjiang Economic News

Reporting/feedback

The nightlife index ranks in the forefront of the country, and Guangzhou, the ＂Night Pearl＂, overflows with new colors.

The night in Dongguan business district is colorful. Guangzhou Daily All-Media Reporter Lu Zhengshe

　　"Do you want to make an appointment tonight?" "Let’s go!" After a busy day’s work, office workers don’t forget to meet their confidants for dinner, shopping and toasting. When you visit a city, you always have to appreciate the beautiful night, the bustling business district and experience the colorful nightlife. Citizens and tourists have become dazzling illuminators, lighting up the night and lighting up the night economy.

　　Since the beginning of this year, in order to promote consumption and release the potential of domestic demand, night economy, as a new growth point in the field of consumption, has been paid attention to by major cities across the country. Previously, an organization released the 2019 Urban Nightlife Index Ranking. Among the 337 cities at prefecture level and above, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Dongguan have advanced into the top ten, and Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area’s economic strength at night has begun to show its edge.

　　Guangzhou: Night Tour Museum to Create a "City that Never Sleeps"

　　"Take pictures?" Mobile photographers in Guang Zhouta enthusiastically solicit business from tourists. Every night, the light of "Little Man Waist" attracts a large number of tourists and citizens, and at the same time gives birth to tourist photography service. Until 11 o’clock at night, after the colorful Guang Zhouta said good night to the city, the tourists under the tower gradually dispersed. On the "Guangzhou Night", the shutter sound and laughter are endless.

　　Recently, in the new round of policies to promote consumption, the word "cultivating night economy" has appeared frequently, and cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin and Chongqing have focused on "night business cards". In fact, "night economy" refers to the economic and cultural activities that take place from 6 pm on the same day to 6 am the next day. The reason why it can attract attention is closely related to its social benefits: according to the statistics of Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Commerce, more than 70% of the turnover of retail and catering enterprises in Guangzhou in 2018 occurred during the night economic period; In some 24-hour convenience stores, entertainment, tourism and accommodation industries, the economic turnover at night can even reach 90%. These data all reflect that "lighting up" the night economy is of great significance for stimulating consumption and stimulating domestic demand.

　　Back in 1967, Guangzhou Ferry Company took the lead in launching the water tour business in China. When the first group of passengers set foot on the cruise ship with excitement, Guangzhou also began to forge ahead in the waterway of developing night economy. Up to now, "Night Tour of the Pearl River" has become one of the most popular scenic spots in China. In recent years, the Guangzhou International Lighting Festival, which has attracted much attention, has also effectively increased the income of hotels, restaurants, shopping malls, tourism, transportation and other services around flower city square and Haixinsha.

　　According to the 2018 Guangzhou Tourism Big Data Report jointly produced by china tourism academy and Unicom Big Data Company, the data shows that more than half of the tourists will choose to spend entertainment in the city’s business districts after visiting 22 scenic spots in Guangzhou. The attraction of scenic spots greatly affects the enthusiasm of tourists, which in turn affects the consumption of tourists. When attractive scenic spots delay their business hours until the evening, it is expected to promote tourists to stay in Guangzhou for the night, and then stimulate consumption the next day, which is the deeper logic of night economy.

　　"Hey, isn’t the Nanyue Palace Museum closed so late now?" The citizens who walked past the museum after dinner muttered to themselves. Since August, 12 museums in Guangzhou have announced that they will be open to the night on certain days, which started the "first shot" of developing the night economy in Guangzhou in the second half of the year. At the 26th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 15th Guangzhou Municipal People’s Congress held recently, the municipal government stated that "building a number of night economic gathering areas" was one of the six key tasks in the second half of the year.

　　On August 6th, Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Commerce issued the Map of Night Consumption in Guangzhou, encouraging enterprises such as shopping and catering in the gathering area to provide night delay service, trying to build a night consumption gathering area, tap the potential of domestic demand, expand consumption by means of reform, further enrich and meet the growing demand of citizens and tourists for night consumption, and strive to form a brand of "Guangzhou Night" and create a "city that never sleeps" in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area by 2021. For Guangzhou, tapping the new kinetic energy of night economy is imminent and ready to go. However, where does the confidence of Guangzhou’s development come from?

　　In March this year, CBN conducted data analysis in six dimensions, including night traffic, the number of bars, the activity of mobile phone equipment at night, the value of city night lighting, the number of night punching in Tik Tok, and the number of night movie screenings in various theaters, and selected the ranking of city nightlife index in 2019. Guangzhou’s comprehensive index ranked third among 337 cities at prefecture level and above in China. With the help of the night industry foundation cultivated for many years, Guangzhou is bound to have more momentum and clear course in developing the night economy.

　　It is worth mentioning that nightlife cannot be directly equated with night economy. Guangzhou has a good nightlife foundation for developing night economy, but it still needs relevant policies and measures to guide and integrate different resources. The reporter visited Beijing Road, Tianhe Road and other business districts. When communicating with merchants and households, he learned that citizens are more concerned about the benefits of late-night public transport services in the future, the noise caused by the increase in the number of people in business districts, and environmental sanitation. In this regard, Peng Peng, a researcher at Guangzhou Academy of Social Sciences, also believes that the development of night economy in Guangzhou should deal with the problem of how to coexist between night business circles and citizens. Therefore, the development of night economy is a process of continuous coordination and discussion of the optimal solution. In the case that the government attaches great importance to the development of night economy, it is expected to introduce a series of specific measures to implement the development of night economy, which will guide the effective and high-quality integration of resources and help Guangzhou’s economy continue to maintain a steady and progressive trend.

　　Shenzhen: Night Economy Produces Night Tour Demonstration Street

　　On the evening of August 6th, visitors of Dongmen Commercial Pedestrian Street in Luohu, Shenzhen were weaving and dancing, and the opening ceremony of "Shenzhen Night Tour Economic Characteristic Commercial Demonstration Street" was unveiled at Dongmenching Food Plaza. Dongmen Town, as the main business in Dongmen Business Circle, will be open from 2 pm every day to 2 am the next day in the next month, and strive to build "Shenzhen Night Tour Economic Characteristic Commercial Demonstration Street". At a time when major cities are making great efforts in night economy, Shenzhen has also begun to learn from the experience of its sister cities and vigorously promote night economy, thus "Shenzhen Night Tour Economic Characteristic Commercial Demonstration Street" came into being.

　　As a vibrant immigrant city, Shenzhen has always been a hot spot for night consumption, with good climatic conditions, market base, consumer flow and fashion atmosphere. Recently, Alibaba released the top ten cities with the most active night consumption of Taobao, namely Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chongqing, Chengdu, Hangzhou, Dongguan, Suzhou and Wuhan. Shenzhen ranks fourth in Taobao’s most active city for night consumption, and it is well deserved.

　　Shenzhen’s night economy has both advantages and highlights, as well as unbalanced and uncoordinated shortcomings and weaknesses, which is the focus of night economy in the future. Several traditional hot business districts in Shenzhen, such as Dongmen, Huaqiang North, Coastal City, etc., are all very prosperous at night, but these business districts are mainly concentrated in the inner city of the original special zone, and the night economy of some new districts is still very weak, which can’t keep up with the needs of tourism consumption development. In some old cities, the map of night consumption has shrunk due to the transformation of villages in cities. In addition, there are no shops and night markets around some large residential areas, which makes it difficult for residents to meet their consumption needs.

　　In March of this year, RET Ruiyide, a real estate operator, released "Bright City — — 2019 Shenzhen Night Consumption Research Report (hereinafter referred to as the Report), by studying the typical formats of eight night consumption in Shenzhen, outlines the details of Shenzhen’s nightlife with big data.

　　According to the "Report", Shenzhen’s evening movie break time and other indicators lead the country. On average, there are more than 1,000 evening movies released in Shenzhen every day, and the total number of times and the average latest time of the break lead the country. By the beginning of this year, there were about 270 chain cinemas and 46 on-demand cinemas in Shenzhen, and the chain cinemas are still the main part of the film market. The total box office revenue of Shenzhen in 2018 reached 2.143 billion yuan, an increase of 5.79% compared with 2017.

　　Shenzhen is also a "midnight snack city". According to the Report, Shenzhen ranks first in the proportion of take-away orders in major cities from 21: 00 am to 2: 00 am the next day. In Shenzhen’s midnight snack market, more than 60% are restaurants that operate late into the night. Bao ‘an and Longgang are mostly traditional nightingales, while new nightingales such as wine houses are gathered in Futian and Nanshan. It is precisely because of the huge midnight snack market in Shenzhen that many brands begin to open 24-hour shops or extend their business hours. The important reason why people are willing to spend is that the midnight snack service can bring emotional release. In addition, the nightingale format is expected to become a new format choice for shopping centers, and shopping centers with open business space are more popular with nightingale brands.

　　People in Shenzhen also love to exercise at night. According to the Report, compared with other cities, Shenzhen has the highest proportion of people who exercise at night, and the number of people who exercise after 6 pm accounts for more than 70% of the total number of people who exercise all day. Fitness has become an important part of Shenzhen’s night economy. In addition to traditional fitness clubs and studios, in recent years, the rise of internet gyms has brought more possibilities for the fitness of urban people. The business model of Internet gyms is more flexible, which can realize long-term operation at night and give consumers ample space in terms of convenience, economy and choice.

　　At present, "night economy" has become a bright and eye-catching city label in Shenzhen. At the moment of exploring the vitality of consumption, Shenzhen’s night economy still has great development potential and excavation space.

　　Dongguan: Night economy mostly comes from material consumption.

　　Dongguan night economy is famous for its activity. On July 24th, Alibaba’s "Night Economy" Report was released, and Dongguan’s "Night Online Shopping Activity" ranked eighth in the country. At the beginning of August, word-of-mouth data showed that from January to July this year, orders for take-away snacks in Dongguan increased by 30% year-on-year, while orders for crayfish increased by 216% year-on-year. The night economy in Dongguan "lengthened" the night in Dongguan.

　　In Xiabafang, John Wan, Dongguan, as night falls and the lights are on, the buildings that look a little shabby during the day become lively. Dongguan locals and foreign tourists come here to take a walk, have a look and eat in Xiabafang and feel the "Gulangyu Island" in Dongguan. The reconstruction of Kun Yuzhou, not far from Xiabafang, is ready to go, and many surrounding towns and streets are trying to build their own "Xiabafang".

　　On August 16th, with the last concrete pouring in place, the 423m tallest building in Dongguan — — Building 2 of Minying International Trade Center was officially capped, refreshing the Dongguan skyline; As early as last year, when the International Trade Shopping Center opened, it became one of the most popular business districts in Dongguan. The surrounding First International Business Circle, cade square Business Circle, Convention and Exhibition Center, Yulan Grand Theatre and Municipal Plaza have built the most beautiful night scene in Dongguan.

　　Data show that in June this year, Dongguan accommodation facilities received 1,468,165 overnight tourists, an increase of 8.85% over the previous year. Among them, there were 158,429 inbound tourists, an increase of 5.32%; There were 1,309,736 domestic tourists, an increase of 9.29%. In the first six months of this year, the number of overnight tourists received by accommodation facilities in Dongguan has reached 10,142,910, a year-on-year increase of 5.33%. In the first half of this year, the development of service industry in Dongcheng Street, Dongguan, accelerated and increased efficiency. The gross output value of the tertiary industry reached 17.75 billion yuan, up 7.1% year-on-year, which became an important driving force for GDP growth.

　　It is not difficult to let neon lights light up the night in Dongguan. At present, Dongguan is transforming the periphery of the city center with an investment of over 100 million yuan. In more than a month, the music fountain and light show in the downtown of Dongguan will be unveiled together, and the face of nightlife in Dongguan will be completely new. By then, Dongguan will attract more tourists, and as tourists spend the night, the activity of Dongguan’s night economy will also increase.

　　However, most of Dongguan’s night economy still stays in the field of material consumption, especially in terms of food. Food stalls, restaurants, and takeout are all booming at night. In the field of spiritual and cultural consumption, Dongguan people like to spend in cinemas most. In recent years, there are more and more cinemas in Dongguan. Basically, there are several cinemas in every town and street. Compared with other cities, the ticket prices of cinemas in Dongguan are relatively affordable.

　　Compared with Guangzhou and Shenzhen, the shortcomings of Dongguan’s night economy are obvious. There are relatively few high-end cultural and entertainment facilities, and there are few performances by well-known literary and art groups at home and abroad in Dongguan, which makes Dongguan’s night economy basically stay in the field of material consumption and lack more in the field of spiritual and cultural life. Dongguan’s night economy still has great potential to be tapped.

　　At present, there is only one Yulan Grand Theatre in Dongguan, and high-end cultural and entertainment groups at home and abroad rarely choose to perform in Dongguan. Dongguan people want to enjoy these high-end performances, but also need to often run to Guangzhou and Shenzhen. In addition, the Dongguan Museum is no longer in line with the level of economic development in Dongguan. On May 18th, at the International Museum Day in 2019, Yang Xiaotang, member of the Standing Committee of Dongguan Municipal Committee and Minister of Propaganda Department, revealed that the Dongguan Museum would be rebuilt in the downtown area. After the new building on the tall building is completed, Dongguan people will have more choices for high-end cultural and entertainment activities.

　　Greater Bay Area’s Night Economy in the Third World

　　New york Bay Area: new york is a "city that never sleeps" famous for its 24-hour subway, and nightlife has brought it good economic benefits. In September 2017, new york set up a special "new york Nightlife" office, and in June 2018, it launched the first report on new york Nightlife. According to the report, in 2016, the economic aggregate of new york’s nightlife industry exceeded $35 billion, which provided nearly 300,000 jobs and brought $697 million in tax revenue to new york. In addition, during the five years from 2011 to 2016, the average annual job growth rate and average annual salary growth rate of new york nightlife industry were 5% and 8%, respectively, while the city average was 3% and 4%, respectively. The growth rate of the two indicators has exceeded the average level of the whole city, and the catering industry has played the most important role in it.

　　San Francisco Bay Area: San Francisco’s colorful nightlife is an important driving force for its economic development. According to the data of People’s Daily Online, San Francisco, as a leisure and entertainment center in the whole Bay Area, attracts nearly 80% of Bay Area residents to enjoy nightlife many times every month, and its economic contribution at night accounts for 36%. At the same time, the night economy in San Francisco provided 60,000 jobs in 2015, exceeding the overall employment growth rate; Turnover reached $6 billion, an increase of 43%; The tax revenue was $80 million, an increase of 45%, and all indicators should not be underestimated.

　　Tokyo Bay Area: Tokyo is not only a pioneer in developing night economy, but also a city with advanced night economic measures in the world. In recent years, thanks to the IP of Midnight Food Store, Tokyo has become a gathering place of night culture. Compared with other Bay Areas, the practice of Tokyo Bay Area, which is located in Asia, may be more instructive for Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

　　In April 2017, Japan established the "Night Economic Members’ Union" to improve the entertainment consumption of tourists. In terms of transportation, it took measures to extend the operating hours of trams and subways and implement 24-hour public transportation on weekends; In terms of security, the Japanese version of the security block certification mechanism was established, monitoring facilities were added, and private security volunteers were mobilized. In addition, government departments will issue reports regularly to change people’s negative impression of nightlife. In order to improve people’s participation, the "‘ 24-hour Japan ’ Promoting the agreement meeting will make the development of night economy reach the state of "the government and the people are United".

　　Bay area wide angle

　　Jiang Dong, member of Guangzhou CPPCC.

　　Developing night economy needs to find the correct cultural orientation

　　Night economy is not a nightlife in the traditional sense, but a consumption and experience that integrates traveling, enjoying, eating, traveling, shopping and playing. It is a quality and tasteful economic and cultural activity led by urban culture, and it is also the overall embodiment of urban service and management level. If Guangzhou wants to develop a good night economy, it should play a good "cultural card".

　　Culture is the main line to promote night economy and the starting point of urban development. At present, most cities that develop night economy in China have a clear cultural orientation. For example, Xi ‘an is the ancient capital of the 13th Dynasty, with the Tang Dynasty as the background of urban culture, creating a night economic gathering area such as "Datang City that Never Sleeps". Foreign cities such as new york, whose Broadway performances have greatly promoted the development of night economy.

　　Guangzhou is one of the first national historical and cultural cities with a history of more than 2,000 years. Whether it was Nanyue State in the Western Han Dynasty, Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties or modern times, it had a far-reaching impact on this city. However, because of its rich and diverse historical and cultural accumulation, it has formed the status quo of non-uniform architectural style, mixed colors, diverse cultural themes and scattered tourist attractions, and economic activities and cultural consumption have not been well gathered and integrated.

　　Therefore, Guangzhou can activate the history and culture of Nanyue State in the Western Han Dynasty, and shape the cultural main line of "Millennium Capital" as the cultural business card and main color of the city. With the opportunity of developing night economy, Guangzhou can make an overall plan from the top-level design to solve the problems of "scattered and chaotic" and not prominent and distinct urban culture at present.

　　First of all, on the basis of the existing policies and measures to develop the night economy, Guangzhou should study and issue guiding opinions on developing the night economy, clearly put forward the development goals, tasks, supporting measures and responsibilities of the night economy, strive to create an open, orderly and active night economy environment and innovate the night economy management system. Secondly, define the orientation of cultural theme, and cultivate landmark night economic gathering areas in Pearl River landscape belt, flower city square city living room, Beijing Road pedestrian street, Shamian historical block, Shangxiajiu pedestrian street and other places around the "face and point" planning. Furthermore, we can focus on creating a theme performance with Lingnan cultural characteristics, which will be staged all the year round, so as to enrich the night entertainment resources. At the same time, we should improve the supporting measures for economic development at night and optimize the traffic organization and management in the nightlife gathering area and its surrounding areas.

　　In a word, leading the night economy with urban culture can improve the level of urban civilization, expand the consumption of cultural products and improve the quality of life of citizens.

　　Peng Peng, researcher of Guangzhou Academy of Social Sciences and vice president of Guangdong Institute of Comprehensive Reform and Development.

　　We should pay attention to differentiation in running the night industry well.

　　Recently, night economy has become a hot topic, and many cities regard it as a measure to stimulate consumption. Secondly, the colorful night economy helps to enhance the image and attractiveness of the city.

　　For Guangzhou, there are many benefits to developing the night economy. The first is to stimulate consumption and stimulate economic development to a certain extent. The second is to enrich people’s nightlife and improve people’s quality of life. In addition, it can enhance the image and popularity of the city, such as making Guang Zhouta, flower city square, Pearl River Night Tour and Pagoda into city business cards.

　　At present, with the arrangement of regional layout, Guangzhou may have to make more efforts in the field of night economy to run some characteristic industries better. For example, some theme cinemas can be opened, some long lines can be developed for the Pearl River night tour, and some wide venues can be planned for limited time opening in the bar street. In short, the development of night economy should highlight the characteristics of specialization and differentiation.

　　Of course, the development of night economy needs to strike a balance between bustling and disturbing people. Such as bar street, it is best to keep a certain distance from residential areas, or limit business hours and decibels on a wide sidewalk. In terms of public transportation such as subways, it is necessary to ensure the lines and shifts. In addition, the environmental impact assessment of each night economic agglomeration area is carried out regularly to listen to the opinions of stakeholders.

　　(Reporter Wen Chaorong, Wang Wan Li, Wang Na)

Carry forward and inherit the brewing skills of Guizhou tea, and the sense of non-legacy cultural acceptance ceremony is full.

On the afternoon of January 7th, a special ceremony was held in Guiyang. With the witness of nearly 200 tea experts and scholars, Shi Hai, a representative inheritor of the intangible cultural heritage of Guizhou tea brewing technology, brought 10 young tea makers from Jiangsu, Fujian, Chongqing, Guangdong and the province under his command to inherit Guizhou tea culture and boost Guizhou tea industry in the way of China traditional apprentices.
According to reports, Shi Hai is a national first-class appraiser (tea appraisal and tea art), a gold medal winner of the first professional skill competition of tea appraisers in Guizhou Province, a winner of the "Wu Juenong Contribution Award" for China tea, an editorial board member of "China Tea Complete Book", the secretary general of the Guizhou Secretariat of the National Teahouse Office, and a visiting professor at Guizhou University of Technology. He studied under Mou Xiaohu, the son of Mou Yingshu, a leading figure in Guizhou tea industry, and a non-genetic inheritor of provincial traditional handmade tea, and has been committed to making tea in Guizhou. He is an ambassador for the promotion of Guizhou tea series such as Pu ‘anhong, Duyun Maojian, Waterfall Mao Feng and Guqing. In the past 10 years, he has not only promoted Guizhou tea to the inside and outside of the Great Wall, but also used his unique brewing techniques to make Guizhou tea sweet, mellow and fragrant, which has intoxicated many foreigners in Japan, South Korea, Europe, America and Southeast Asia.
"Guizhou tea culture needs to be promoted from generation to generation, tea-making skills need to be passed down from generation to generation, and Guizhou tea brands need to be promoted by Qi Xin." At the ceremony, Zhu Jun, a famous rural craftsman in Guizhou province and deputy secretary-general of Guizhou Secretariat of National Star Teahouse, Wu Guangwen, inheritor of Duyun Maojian tea making skills and deputy secretary-general of Qiannan Tea Association, Wei Rongquan, reviewer of National Star Teahouse, vice president of Duyun Maojian Tea Industry Development Chamber of Commerce and expert in rural tea making, Zhou Xiaoxiao, a national first-class tea technician and top ten innovative talents in Guizhou tea industry, and Liao Juan, a senior tea artist and teahouse manager, Lin Liping, the head of Lingfeng Science and Technology Industrial Park in Guizhou, Wu Mei, a senior tea artist, Li Wenting, a senior tea critic and intermediate tea artist, Liu Ahui, a counselor of Guiyang University Affiliated to the National People’s Congress, and Wan Qin, a researcher of tea culture, and other 10 tea people, in accordance with the traditional etiquette of accepting disciples, in a solemn atmosphere, paid homage to Cha Sheng Lu Yu, read a letter of introduction, the apprentice presented a post to the teacher, the master replied, and the master paid tribute to the teacher.
"Apprenticeship and apprenticeship are the inheritance of traditional culture. As an important part of Chinese excellent traditional culture, tea culture should be carried forward and passed down. In particular, Guizhou, as the province with the largest tea planting area in China, needs cultural empowerment for industrial development." After witnessing Shihai’s apprentice-receiving ceremony, nearly 200 tea experts, scholars and tea people from both inside and outside the province said that after participating in this activity which originated from ancient law and has an innovative atmosphere of the times, they have gained a little more knowledge and understanding about the inheritance of mentoring and enhancing cultural confidence. There are 7 million mu of tea in Guizhou, and more tea people are needed to promote tea culture, join in tea technology and strengthen tea industry.
"Receiving apprentices means a heavier responsibility for inheritance." "Appreciating the teacher also means a heavier responsibility for inheritance." After the apprentice ceremony, Shi Hai and his disciples said that Guizhou tea has great potential and broad space in terms of cultural background, natural environment, climatic conditions, tea-making technology, brewing technology, brand building, marketing promotion, market expansion, chain extension, etc. From now on, it is a brand-new starting point to concentrate on promoting Guizhou tea.
"The spread of tea culture should start with young people and start with students. Our college needs tea culture scholars like Mr. Shi Hai more." At the acceptance ceremony, Shi Hai was also hired as a visiting professor by Guizhou City Vocational College, and Wang Huawei, the dean and doctoral supervisor of the college, issued a letter of appointment.
Qian mingxuan
Editor Hu Jiayi
Wu ruixi in the second instance
Third trial of Hongbin Zhao
Reporting/feedback

There are no Korean yoga figures in green camp？ Guo Zhengliang unveiled Lai Qingde’s lack of celebrity： there are only two ＂political children＂

The family members of the victims of the campus neck-cutting case issued an open letter on the 3rd, putting forward three statements and four appeals, in which they expressed their strong opposition to the abolition of the death penalty and believed that severe punishment could prevent the regret from happening again. In the face of public opinion doubts, Lai Qingde, chairman of the Democratic Progressive Party, responded on the 4 th and actually said, "This is of course the election of China (Mainland)!" Brainless speech caused controversy.

Guo Zhengliang, a former "legislator", stressed on the political program on the 7th that Lai Qingde only dared to play the card of "resisting China and protecting Taiwan". "In fact, it also highlighted that there is no Taiwan-wide publicity star in green camp! Look at the Kuomintang. In fact, every party has its soul players. For example, the Kuomintang is now building momentum everywhere, such as South Korea’s Yu, Wang Jinping and Zhao Shaokang. The Kuomintang has basically done its best this time, and they are all representative people, including Seo Yin Lou. "

"I think Seo Yin Lou’s campaign in Taichung is very good! (Guest Lei Qian: Zhang Shanzheng’s Taoyuan is also very good) Taoyuan is also very good, right! " Guo Zhengliang mentioned that individual mayors of local counties chose well, such as Xie Longjie, and went back to Tainan. Su Qingquan defended Pingtung, in fact, they all did well.

Wang Yichuan

"But when you go to see the Democratic Progressive Party, are there any Taiwan-wide campaign stars? (Moderator Lin Jiayuan: No) "Guo Zhengliang bluntly said," I’m telling you, if you say it, you will probably faint soon! What they highlight now is called Wang Yichuan! Save Wang Yichuan! 14th place on the non-partition list, that’s a political prostitute! " Lin Jiayuan stressed, "It’s just that the mainland high-speed rail has no backrest!"

Guo Zhengliang went on to say, "The other one is Shen Boyang. He just went to Changhua to help Wu Yinning platform. Do you know what he said? He actually said that’ Wu Yinning is the main target of this China (Mainland) matchmaking election!’ (Moderator Lin Jiayuan: Here we go again! )

Guo Zhengliang pointed out that Shen Boyang made a lie: Because China (Mainland) opposes the agricultural reform in Changhua! "He can really break like this! L: Does anyone believe this? ) Just … just don’t know? L: Isn’t this blind? ) just … this has arrived … you don’t know what he is choosing! "

Guo Zhengliang said that as the largest party in Taiwan Province, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) finally ranked people like Shen Boyang, who engage in "cognitive warfare", as the first among boys without division! "How outrageous is this?" Usually, the men and women who are not divided into districts are the first, which usually represents the spirit and value of that party. What does Shen Boyang stand for? You want to arrest someone, don’t you Do you want to engage in’ cognitive warfare’? "

Straits Herald reporter Xue Yang arranged the report.

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Changsha Shangchao New Year’s Day holiday is full of popularity.

On December 31st, it was New Year’s Day. Major merchants have prepared enough new year’s goods to fully meet the diverse holiday consumption needs of citizens. In the Wal-Mart supermarket on Fuyuan West Road, many citizens are busy purchasing festive supplies for New Year’s Day. The red cages, "Fu" pendants, auspicious dolls in the Year of the Dragon and other commodities hanging in the supermarket create a rich festive atmosphere, and the fruit area that attracts customers to purchase new year’s goods is also a busy scene. Rake oranges and cherries have become popular fruits in the market, occupying the "C position" of supermarket stalls. (All-media reporter Bu Lan correspondent Wu Yi)

There are many tricks to welcome New Year’s Day, and wonderful activities are going on!

On the afternoon of December 31, the "Love in Baifuquan" New Year’s Eve event was held.Grand Canal Yuantou Ruins ParkHold. At the event site, acrobatics, face-changing, dancing, magic and other programs were staged in turn, which attracted the on-site tourists to applaud and applaud. In addition, every hour, the organizers also set up an interactive game session, so that visitors can get dolls through interactive questions and answers during the New Year’s Eve activities.
The scene is full of flavor, and the theme dolls of the Year of the Dragon also appear in the park, attracting many children to interact and take photos. "I brought my children to play today, just in time for the New Year’s activities here. I feel that the atmosphere of the New Year is particularly strong and particularly festive. The children of the Little Dragon people like it very much and are rushing to take photos with it." Ms. Zhou said.
New year’s day holiday,Juyongguan Great Wall Scenic AreaOpened the Great Wall at night andLeduogangIntroduce preferential policies for scenic spots.During 17: 00-24: 00 on December 31st, 2023 and 05: 00-08: 00 on January 1st, 2024., with the shopping receipt and employee ID of Leduo Port on the same day, you can enjoy half-price tickets for the New Year’s Eve; Beijing residence permit with Changping District resident ID card and residence address in Changping District, and student ID card in Chang University are free.
At the same time,Return to heaven areaThe Huilongguan Sports and Cultural Center and Tiantongyuan Culture and Art Center also held a "double venue" linkage. The activities lasted until the end of January 2024, and more than ten activities kept going, allowing residents returning to heaven to celebrate the New Year.
New Year’s Day holiday lasts for 3 days.Tiantongyuan cultural art centerNew Year’s cultural activities, such as a new book launch conference, a New Year’s Eve party, a performance of the drama "The Death of Spring" and a photo exhibition, were held to enrich the amateur cultural life of the residents who returned to heaven. At the same time, in Huilongguan Sports and Cultural Center, the 2024 "Playing Basketball Together for the New Year" basketball game was staged with passion, offering a New Year’s basketball feast for sports fans.
Graphic/Xiang Lingxiao
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How did the ＂New Year’s Day＂ in the history of China come about？ Do you know

"Source of this article: Shanghai Rule of Law Newspaper"
New Year’s Day, that is, January 1st of the Gregorian calendar, is commonly known as "New Year" in most countries in the world. Yuan means "beginning", and the beginning of every number is called "yuan"; Dan means "day"; "New Year’s Day" means "the first day".
"New Year’s Day" usually refers to the first day of the first month in the calendar. In China, the word "New Year’s Day" has existed since ancient times, and it was first seen in the Book of Jin in literary works. "New Year’s Day" in Chinese history refers to "the first day of the first month", and the calculation method of "the first month" was very inconsistent before the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and the dates of New Year’s Day (the first day of the first month) in previous dynasties were not consistent.
Lunar calendar start date
In the history of China, "the first day of the first month" has many appellations, such as New Year’s Day, Yuanri, Yuanzheng, Yuanchen, Shangri, Yuanshuo, etc., but among many appellations, "New Year’s Day" is the most common and the longest.
The calculation method of "the first month" was also very inconsistent before the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Therefore, the new year’s day of the past dynasties is not consistent. The first month of the summer calendar in summer is spring January, the first month of the Yin calendar in Shang Dynasty is winter December, and the first month of the Zhou calendar is winter November. After Qin Shihuang unified China, October was the first month, that is, the first day of October was New Year’s Day. Since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it has been stipulated that January in spring is the first month, and the first day of January is called New Year’s Day, which has been used until the end of the Qing Dynasty.
The first day of the first month was called Yuan Zheng in Cui Yuan’s Ming of the Third Son of Chai in Han Dynasty, Yuan Chen in Yu’s Fu of Yangdu in Jin Dynasty, Yuan Chun in Yuan Hui’s Song of the Emperor in Summer in Northern Qi Dynasty, and Yuan Shuo in Tang Dezong’s poem Li Shi’s Returning from the Yuan Dynasty to Watch the Army Battle and Return to Camp.
The beginning of the solar calendar
In 1911, the Revolution of 1911 led by Sun Yat-sen overthrew the rule of the Manchu Dynasty and established the Republic of China. In order to "follow the agricultural season, follow the western calendar, and make statistics", the first year of the Republic of China decided to use the Gregorian calendar (actually used in 1912) and stipulated that January 1 of the Gregorian calendar was called "New Year’s Day", but it was not called "New Year’s Day".
Representatives of provincial governors met in Nanjing and decided to use the Gregorian calendar, calling the first day of the first month of the lunar calendar "Spring Festival" and the first day of January of the Gregorian calendar "New Year’s Day", but it was not officially announced at that time.
On January 1, 1912, the Republic of China was proclaimed, and Sun Yat-sen took office as interim president in Nanjing. In his oath of office, Sun Yat-sen ended with "New Year’s Day of the first year of the Republic of China". This is the origin of "New Year’s Day" in China.
On September 27th, 1949, the first China People’s Political Consultative Conference decided to establish the People’s Republic of China (PRC), and at the same time, it also decided to adopt the universal method of the year, that is, the solar calendar. New Year’s Day refers to the first day of the first year of the year.
In order to distinguish the two New Years, the first day of the first month in the summer calendar is just before and after the "beginning of spring" in the 24 solar terms. Therefore, the first day of the first month in the summer calendar was renamed as "Spring Festival", and the first day of the first month in the Gregorian calendar was designated as the beginning of the new year-"New Year’s Day", which was listed as a legal holiday and became a national holiday.
January 1st every year marks the arrival of a new year. People are used to calling this day "New Year’s Day", commonly known as "Gregorian Year", "Gregorian Year" or "New Calendar Year".
Festival culture
Modern New Year’s Day is listed as a legal holiday by the China government, which has become a national holiday. After a day off, we often adjust the weekend before or after that day, and generally rest for three days in a row. The celebration of New Year’s Day in modern China is much less important than the Spring Festival.
Comprehensive arrangement from Baidu Encyclopedia and Sanlian Life Weekly, etc.
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[Rui Caijing] ＂Open global trade benefits all countries＂

　　Since the beginning of this year, orders for container ships and bulk carriers from abroad in Qingdao Shipyard, Shandong Province have been full, and production orders have been scheduled for 2025. The picture shows a ship that is about to be delivered in Qingdao Shipyard recently. Photo by Liang Xiaopeng (Xinhua News Agency)

　　On May 24th, the 2023 Global Trade and Investment Promotion Summit was held in Beijing with the theme of "Strengthening Confidence, Win-Win Cooperation and Building an Open World Economy". Representatives of trade promotion agencies and business associations from more than 30 countries and regions, diplomatic envoys in China, representatives of relevant international organizations and economic institutions, and representatives of Chinese and foreign enterprises attended the meeting. Participants said that it is the aspiration of the people to build an open world economy, and open global trade benefits all countries.

　　Economic decoupling brings extra burden.

　　According to the estimation of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the total volume of international trade will only increase by 2.7% in 2022, which is significantly lower than that in 2021, and it is expected to slow down further in 2023, with an estimated growth rate of 1.7%.

　　Rousseff, president of the New Development Bank, said that after World War II, the internationalization of trade, finance and information flow promoted the process of globalization. Since 2008, this process has been in crisis. Under the influence of geopolitical conflict and COVID-19 epidemic, global uncertainty and instability are more prominent.

　　"Some countries pursue unilateralism and protectionism and try to adopt the so-called decoupling policy ‘ Contain ’ China, this practice is the main threat to the current globalization pattern. Unilaterally raising tariffs and blocking China’s semiconductor industry chain through the Chip and Science Act will only disrupt the global value chain and further aggravate globalization and division. " Rousseff said.

　　"We should not forget that open global trade has benefited all countries and lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty." Klaus schwab, founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum, believes that any step towards decoupling the global economy will bring an extra burden to global economic development. Decoupling from global trade and investment flows will further raise the current "fever curve" of the world economy, which is characterized by high inflation, high debt and low growth.

　　Klaus schwab said: "Only by working together to create a win-win situation can a new economic revival be realized. We have different interests, but we need global cooperation to turn crises into opportunities and achieve mutual benefit and win-win results. "

　　Open cooperation breeds great opportunities.

　　In response to climate change and technological innovation, under the global change, how can villagers on earth share the development dividend?

　　"In the past 50 years, China has fully demonstrated how a country’s economic growth can promote common prosperity." Dominic barton, Chairman of Rio Tinto Group, said that the opening of China not only released a huge market, but also released the passion, intelligence and potential of more than 1.4 billion people. If this opening-up process is extended to "countries in the global south", covering more than 80% of the world’s population, it will not be a loss to the western world, but a huge opportunity.

　　The field of green energy is a typical representative of future-oriented cooperation among countries. "Energy transformation will give birth to new businesses, new formats and new models such as comprehensive energy services and energy big data, which will vigorously promote the interconnection of energy infrastructure and promote the coordinated development of the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain. It is estimated that 2021— In 2050, the global investment in the energy sector reached 131 trillion US dollars, creating a broad market space for revitalizing trade and investment. " Xin Baoan, chairman of State Grid Corporation, said.

　　Some multilateral platforms play an important role in the process of open cooperation. Jin Liqun, president of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, said that in 2022, the AIIB provided a record $2.4 billion in climate financing, accounting for 56% of the total financing. In 2021, the major multilateral development banks contributed $82 billion in climate financing as a whole system, of which more than 60% went to low-income and middle-income economies.

　　"With the advent of the era of uncertainty, the performance of the multilateral system will determine whether mankind will achieve prosperity." Jin Liqun said that the long progress of human civilization clearly shows that we must turn to sustained global economic integration and multilateral cooperation.

　　The more interconnected, the more common prosperity.

　　"A key aspect of China’s contribution lies in its continuous promotion of building an open world economy" — — At the summit, many guests spoke highly of China’s pragmatic actions in opening up.

　　"In recent decades, China has become an important participant in Latin American trade and investment. China’s growing demand for raw materials and agricultural products in this region has greatly promoted Latin American exports and created important income and economic opportunities." Bolivian President Arce said in a video address that this summit will help promote understanding among different countries, explore new investment and development opportunities and promote the construction of a more inclusive global market.

　　"A healthy and balanced US-China economic and trade relationship is in the interest of both sides." U.s.-china business council President Craig Allen said. According to reports, in 2022, the bilateral trade volume of goods and services between the United States and China set a new record, and the export of goods from the United States to China reached a record high of more than 150 billion US dollars, an increase of over 20% over the past decade, from which enterprises and consumers of both countries benefited. According to US statistics, in 2022, US exports of goods to China will bring 1 million jobs to the United States.

　　Craig Allen said that American enterprises have clearly received the signal that China will continue to optimize its business environment and attract foreign investment. History shows that the more interconnected, the greater the possibility of common prosperity. We look forward to continuing to cooperate with the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade in the future and promoting the healthy development of US-China economic and trade relations through constructive dialogue and contacts.

　　At this summit, the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT) reached a series of consensus with the business representatives attending the meeting, forming the Beijing Initiative of the 2023 Global Trade and Investment Promotion Summit. Ren Hongbin, president of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, said that the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade will build more platforms and provide better services, better help the industrial and commercial circles of all countries to seize market opportunities, investment opportunities and growth opportunities, and make new and greater contributions to promoting the construction of an open world economy. (Reporter Li Wei)

　　People’s Daily Overseas Edition (03rd Edition, May 26th, 2023)

The movie channel 12.19 premiered the movie ＂Flowers in the Far Mountains＂ with the theme of left-behind children.


Special feature of 1905 film network "They are like seeds buried in black soil. They will bloom only after a spring rain. I want to tell their stories and let more people pay attention to the nurseries grown in this countryside. " The original author and screenwriter Wang Jie said.



After the publication of the novel "Flowers Bloom with Sound", which tells the story of left-behind children, it has aroused the care and attention of the whole society, and the expression and revelation of pure deep emotions throughout it have given the article a moving moment.


Their stories should be seen.This story with temperature was adapted into a movie three years later, which made more people see these small figures and these hearts eager for love and comfort.


At 18:05 today, the film channel premiered the film "Flowers in the Far Mountains", which won the audience’s praise and tears.



The movie "Flowers in the Far Mountains" takes place in Zhen ‘an County, Shangluo City, deep in the Qinling Mountains, and tells the story that Liu Xiaohui (Lin Wanying), a teaching teacher from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, and Ma, the principal of Damai Village Primary School in Zhen ‘an County, deep in the Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi Province, and a group of left-behind children grow up together and heal each other.



Let’s approach this film focusing on the topic of left-behind children and rural education, and feel the warmth and love behind the film together.


"In the winter of 2009, when I first went to Yongshou County, Xianyang City, I met a 9-year-old girl. She was wandering on the road wearing slippers and holding a drug instruction. After sending her home, the child’s grandmother told me that the little girl’s mother died unexpectedly while working in foreign affairs. Since then, the child has never spoken again, but she recited the drug instructions to everyone. She didn’t go to school and couldn’t read, but she learned to recite the instructions sentence by sentence with her sister. I asked her why she recited this, and the grandmother cried and said,’ Her sister lied to her that if you memorized this, mom would come back.’ When Wang Jie, the screenwriter and original author of the movie "Flowers in the Far Mountains" told this story again, tears filled her eyes.



It was this experience that ignited the flame of Wang Jie’s story about left-behind children.In the process of film creation, in order to make the film closer to real life, the film creative team interviewed more than 20 teaching teachers from Nanjing about their life experience, teaching observation and mode of getting along with each other.


At the same time, the film selected 80% Shaanxi local actors. Under the role of local villagers and rural children, the simple sense of reality makes people cry again and again.



As a melodious piece of music sounded, a winding mountain road came into view. Liu Xiaohui, a young female teaching teacher played by Lin Wanying, came to the remote and backward Damaicun Primary School alone with deep thoughts on her mother’s death.



The distant mountains and villages here make her feel novel, barren and backward, which makes her heartache. When she sees that group of lonely and helpless left-behind children, her heart is broken.


In particular, I saw a special child, Zhang Chengfeng: he didn’t want to talk, and he liked to climb the tree to see the scenery. He was a typical problem child.



In order to help those young hearts open their hearts, Mr. Liu made a series of plans:She approached with her students.bighillExpress your heart.


"Mom and Dad, come back quickly, I miss you … …” A heart-rending call echoed in the valley.



Message games in English class to increase children’s interaction and self-confidence.But none of this worked for Zhang Chengfeng.After many twists and turns, one night, the sound of playing the piano came from the utility room of the school. Teacher Liu finally discovered Zhang Chengfeng’s secret:He often removes the door breaker on the back door of the utility room in the dead of night and hides here to play the piano secretly.



Teacher Liu’s mother is a musician, so everything related to music will evoke sad memories, but she saw a seed of love for music in the eyes of children and decided to throw away her psychological shadow, restart her music journey and sing emotionally with the children.



"I don’t care about the awards. I only care about whether the children have memories to be proud of when they recall Damaicun Primary School in the future."The teaching teacher played by Lin Wanying is full of simple and sincere taste. Her tolerance and love care for the young mind, using music.sweet dewMoisturizes the dry heart and warms our hearts.



President Ma, played by Walter WANG, is quite different. His severity seems a bit inhuman, but in the eyes of these children who can hardly meet their parents, he almost plays the role of a father, sparing no effort to accompany and educate the children.



Their interpretation is the epitome of teaching teachers in mountainous areas. It is they who give children warmth and strength with their beautiful years.


"In real life, almost every left-behind child’s heart is closed, and what they need most is to talk … … I hope that every child can open his heart and confide in his heart, blooming like a flower. " Wang Jie said.


This is the core of the film, the true meaning of education, and why the film can contain inspiring warmth and strength.



At 18:05 today, the movie channel will premiere the movie "Flowers Bloom in the Far Mountains" for you. They need more support and care.


Fifty years ago, the ＂war＂ in the automobile industry： the unsuccessful acquisition of Ford and Ferrari.

Source: Tiger Sniffing APP
Original title: If you don’t sell yourself, I will hammer you.
Author: Sun Mingyuan
On May 21st, 1963, Don Fryer, Vice President of Ford, and many senior executives arrived in Maranello. In a small conference room, there were all Ford and a team of professional lawyers at one end, and Enzo Ferrari and several local lawyers at the other end. At first, it seemed to go smoothly, but suddenly Enzo put down his contract documents, took out his famous pen filled with purple ink from his suit and wrote on the left side of a paragraph: "No, I can’t accept this one!" "
(Enzo wrote "No, that‘s not OK" with a purple ink pen on the left side of the contract, originally in Italian)
Then the two sides went through a long negotiation, and finally Enzo said faintly to the lawyer on the side, "Come on, let’s go to dinner." Then he got up and turned away with the lawyer, leaving Ford and his party and the lawyer team looking at each other.
(Photo taken when Ford and his party signed a contract with Enzo Ferrari in 1963)
This means that Ford’s acquisition of Ferrari was a complete failure, and it also opened the curtain of the most touching "war" in the automobile industry in the last century.
prologue
In the 1960s, the hippie Beatles and the Rolling Stones were in full swing, and the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was just established. At this time, the automobile industry is in the development period, especially in the United States. Low oil prices and convenient highways have made the American automobile industry enter a high-speed development stage. The main theme of the United States at that time was "Nothing is impossible", and all industries were trying to break records and create miracles.
After World War II, because Edsel Ford (son of Henry Ford) died young, and Henry Ford was old, and the company’s political struggle and other reasons, Ford was faced with great difficulties, and its sales plummeted. The company urgently needed a new leader.
So in 1943, Henry Ford II (the eldest son of edsel Ford), who was still serving in the Navy during World War II, was "recalled" to work in Ford and became the CEO of Ford Motor Company two years later. Through a series of management reforms and personnel changes, he successfully "saved" Ford, turned losses into profits in a few years, and listed Ford in 1956, which was comparable to GM and Chrysler at that time.
Although the sales volume was increasing, Ford was generally regarded as "a car company for the elderly" at that time. Even though Americans agreed that Ford was reliable and durable, it lacked exciting features and was not suitable for young people.
(Ford Tudor in 1950s)
Ford hoped to seize the youth market, and the best way at that time was to participate in international automobile competitions as an advertisement to change the "old" brand impression, so he founded the racing project "Total performance Program", which was in charge of Don Fryer, then vice president.
When Ford II searched all the lists, he found the Ferrari that was "on sale" at that time. At that time, Ferrari almost dominated the world racing competition, and the most influential one was the 24 Hours of Le Mans in France.
(Starting characteristics of 24-hour Mountain Endurance Race)
In 1929, Enzo Ferrari founded Scuderia Ferrari in Modena (translated as "Ferrari Stable", literally translated as Ferrari stable, that is, Ferrari team). It is not difficult to see from the name that Enzo has only focused on the field of racing since he founded Ferrari. At first, Ferrari existed as a racing division of Alfa Romeo. Later, in 1933, it replaced the original internal racing division and became the racing division of Alfa Romeo.
Later, the company dissolved the Ferrari team and made Enzo the captain of the newly established Alfa Corse team. So on September 6, 1939, Enzo decided to leave Alfa Romeo and set up his own company. However, due to the agreement signed when he left, he was not allowed to participate in any competition or car production under the name of Ferrari for four years. Enzo first founded a company in the former site of Ferrari team, engaged in the production of aircraft parts and related tools, and then produced the first Ferrari racing car-TiPO 815 (without Ferrari logo) based on Fiat platform in 1940.
（Tipo 815）
In 1943, Enzo moved the factory to Maranello, and Ferrari has not changed its address since then. The car with Ferrari logo in the true sense is the 125 S produced in 1947, equipped with a 1.5-liter V12 engine, and Ferrari Motor Company officially "set sail".
（Ferrari 125S）
There is a joke called: "Ferrari without V12 engine is not called Ferrari at all."
The story behind this sentence is that Enzo never wanted to produce streetcars, nor did he want to compromise Ferrari’s proud V12 engine. But his son Dino didn’t think so. Dino had designed and developed Ferrari V6 engine and V8 engine, which was the source of V8 engine that Ferrari often used later. Although Enzo didn’t want to be disturbed by things outside the competition, the reality was cruel, and the funds needed to participate in the competition were amazing, so he had to compromise to produce streetcars to finance the team.
One is the American automobile empire, which is in urgent need of the injection of racing genes, and the other is the stubborn Italian racing fanatic, which is faced with huge funding problems. It seems to be a "hit it off" thing, but in fact Ferrari is "on sale" just because Enzo hopes to have capital inflow to ensure his racing career. So when Enzo saw that it was written in black and white "including the right to control and operate Ferrari cars", he turned down the $18 million acquisition contract without mercy.
(Enzo is dissatisfied with the content of the treaty, and the purple line is drawn.)
Ford II flew into a rage when the news of the failure of the negotiations returned to Detroit. Not only did Ford send Don Fryer, then vice president, to buy Ferrari, and spent nearly nine months in communication and negotiation, which cost more than $3 million in manpower and material resources, but finally only got a pile of "waste paper" on the table under Enzo’s back.
First battle Ferrari
The reason why Ford II was so angry was that his previous "efforts" went down the drain, and there was news that Enzo didn’t want to sell it to Ford at that time, just to show it to Fiat (Ferrari was acquired by Fiat in 1969), and Enzo once said to Ford II, "You are far less great than your grandfather Henry Ford."
（Henry Ford II）
In a rage, Ford II summoned all Ford’s right-hand men and gave a dead order: "Build me a car that can completely defeat Ferrari and conquer the French 24-hour Le Mans endurance race!"
At that time, Ford was not without racing experience, and Ford had achieved good results in American races such as Indy 500 and NASCAR. However, Le Mans Endurance Race is far away in Europe and France. The track is a daily road and only two lanes wide, with a lap of 8.3mile (about 13.357km), a total mileage of over 3,000 miles (4,828 km) and a top speed of up to 210 miles/h (338 km/h). It also faces various weather environments such as rain, fog and night during the 24-hour race. For Ford, this is tantamount to a novice challenge to Mount Everest.
(24-hour Le Mans Raceway)
So when Ford II said, "No matter how much it costs, I must win the XXX in Italy", many people thought this sentence was as unbelievable as President Kennedy’s "We are going to the moon".
In order to quickly adapt to European races, Ford found a small racing company in Britain-Lola Cars (a small company focusing on racing, located in Slough Industrial Park near London, the site is still there). They have European racing experience and existing mid-engine chassis, so they were hired to build chariots with Ford engineers.
However, time was too tight. In March 1964, it took only seven months, and the first prototype Ford GT equipped with a British chassis and a Ford engine came out. At that time, several drivers including Bruce Mclaren (founder of McLaren) did a lot of tests and improvements for GT, and initially solved many problems.
（Bruce Mclaren）
The extremely streamlined body is only 40 inches (1016mm) high, so it is named GT40. Equipped with the engine of Ford Indy 500, 4.2-liter V8, with about 350 horsepower, seems very promising.
（Ford GT40 Prototype）
However, in fact, due to the lack of experience in aerodynamic design at that time, the cooling air inlets designed at the front of the vehicle not only did not work, but also produced a lifting force, resulting in insufficient downforce of the vehicle. In April, 1964, Ford took the GT40 prototype to Le Mans Test Day. Although the speed was very fast, the whole vehicle had no stability and handling. Even on the straight track, it could lose its grip but slip and turn. This happened not just at the beginning, but at the speed of 170mile/h (about 273.6km/h).
The problem is not only in aerodynamics, but also in suspension. At that time, Ford didn’t understand why the vehicle was so unstable, because the GT40 crashed at the speed of 160mile/h(257.5km/h) that afternoon. Although Ford took two GT40s with him, the second one crashed the next day.
At this time, it was only two months before the 1964 Le Mans Endurance Race.
Despite the difficulties, Ford finally arrived at the Le Mans Endurance Race as scheduled with three GT40. On June 20, 1964, the race started as scheduled. Ford’s three GT40 took the lead in the second lap and even set an average speed record of 131mile/h/h (about 210.8km/h). However, in the end, all three cars failed to finish the race because of an accident or gearbox failure.
As a result, Ferrari won the championship for the fifth time in a row, beating Ford with the results of first, second and third place.
Fight Ferrari again
Ford II did not lose heart, but said, "We will come again next year and beat Ferrari!" "
After the first failure, Ford decided to let Carroll Shelby be the leader of GT40 project. Shelby is a famous American designer, racing driver and entrepreneur. He used to be a flight instructor and test pilot during World War II, and he worked as an oil worker and a chicken farm farmer after retiring. At first, as a racing amateur, he made amazing achievements in many races. In 1959, he won the 24-hour Le Mans Endurance Championship by driving aston martin DBR1.
(In 1956, Shelby took part in the Mount Washington Climbing Race in a Ferrari 375GP.)
Because Shelby suffered from heart valve leakage when he was 7 years old, he needed to take nitroglycerin for a long time to keep his heart normal. It is precisely because of this that Shelby was rejected by Ferrari as a driver. After 1959, Shelby stopped racing as a driver, but founded Shelby American Company in southern California, USA, whose business was to modify and produce racing cars. Because of the previous competition, he was very interested in a British company named AC Ace, and wanted to build a racing car with its chassis body and the developed V8 engine in the United States.
At that time, Corvette (owned by General Motors) rejected his request, but Ford extended an olive branch to him. Ford’s V8 engine at that time was not only able to generate powerful power in generate, but also very suitable for retrofitting and installing the chassis of existing AC Ace cars. In 1962, Shelby reached a cooperation with Ford and produced the first Cobra model in history-the famous AC Cobra 260.
（AC Cobra 260）
In fact, in 1964, when three Ford cars lost, Shelby American had a car (Shelby Daytona Cobra Coupe) with a 4.7L Ford engine and finished the race in the fourth place. In addition, in 1963 and 1964, AC Cobra with the same engine finished the race in the 7th and 18th places respectively.
So when Ford lost the first Le Mans race, Shelby came to mind first. In addition, Shelby’s engineering team has talented engineers (such as Phil Remington) who come to F1 and other competitions, including New Zealand, Japan, Australia, Italy, France, Germany and Britain. "A very cohesive team," Ford II commented.
“Carol was a Can-do， Let’s-get-it-done kind of guy and very much like my father， Carol had a very outgoing personality and I think that my father（Henry Ford II） personality and carol’s personality meshed reasonably well．” "Carol is a highly effective and very capable person, much like my father. His personality is very cheerful, which coincides with my father’s personality and gets along very well. "-Edsel Bryant Ford II (edsel Ford II, son of Henry Ford II)
Of course, I have to mention another legend here-Ken Miles, a British automobile engineer, racing driver and one of Shelby’s close friends. He served as a tank commander during World War II, and participated in car races and made racing cars after retiring. In 1953, he won 14 consecutive victories in SCCA League by driving his own car. Because of similar interests, Shelby invited Miles to join Shelby American and become the chief test driver. Together, they built the famous AC Corbra and Shelby GT350.
(left Bruce Mclaren, right Ken Miles)
When Shelby received the heavy responsibility, he first asked Miles to test the GT40 in Riverside International Raceway in Southern California. As a result, several drivers said the same sentence after the test: "It’s bloody awesome, I hate it．."
The extreme instability of the vehicle and many problems have made the team sweat.
Next, the whole team began to work day and night, and even ate amphetamine as jelly beans. Starting with aerodynamics, the problem of body modeling is solved first; Then the original Ford 4.2-liter V8 engine was replaced by Ford 4.7-liter V8 engine, which improved the power a lot. Then the gearbox was replaced by a 5-speed gearbox made by ZF in Germany, and the reliability was improved. In addition, the cooling system, suspension, wheel hub, tires and other parts are modified and optimized. The new model GT40 Mk1 Daytona is almost the same as the original GT40 Mk1 (after the new model is released, the first generation of models participating in Le Mans will be called MK1 to distinguish different GT40, and then the code will be added later). You can even think that Shelby and Miles have applied many experiences from Shelby Daytona Cobra Coupe to GT40.
(1965 GT40 Mk1 Daytona)
The transformed GT40 Mk1 Daytona is indeed much better than before, and even won the 2000km endurance race in Daytona Continental, defeating Ferrari P2 driven by John Surtees (legendary driver, the only one who has won two and four world championships so far, and the oldest surviving F1 world champion). And won the second and third place in the next 12 hours of Sebring endurance race. However, due to problems such as gearbox, some races that GT40 Mk1 Daytona participated in later ended in failure.
(In 1965, three Ferrari cars crossed the line at the same time in the 24-hour Le Mans endurance race)
In 1965, the French 24 Hours Le Mans Endurance Race was held again. This time, six Ford GT40 (different versions) participated, but none of them was able to finish the race. Ferrari once again "humiliated" Ford’s ambition and won five consecutive championships.
Three wars Ferrari
So far, Ford has invested millions of dollars in the GT40 project, but none of the cars have completed the Le Mans race. Ford II is faced with a dilemma, either to give up the "war" with Ferrari and stop investing, or to continue to increase investment and "crash" Ferrari.
The answer given by Ford II was to send a card with a name to everyone involved in the project, and a sentence was written under the name: "You‘d better win! (In the interview, Shelby recalled "Ford wins Le Mans in 1966")
When Ford II handed the cards to the team members one by one, Shelby and several engineers asked, "What about the financial budget restrictions?"
Ford only replied: "You are only responsible for winning, and don’t worry about anything else!"
In order to continue to improve GT40, Myers and his team have invested thousands of hours in testing and research. The new GT40 Mk2 has further increased the engine displacement, from 4.7-liter V8 to 7.0-liter V8 (the engine used by Ford for NASCAR). Because of the engine with such a huge volume and power, the chassis structure has been strengthened, the suspension system has been upgraded, the cooling system has been optimized, and the braking system has been improved … The new GT40 Mk2 will no longer be extremely unstable, even at the speed of 210mile/h (about 338km/h), it is still rock-solid.
(GT40 Mk2, the one that Ken Miles drove in 1966 still exists in the world, worth more than 15 million pounds).
What is even more exaggerated is that Shelby, Myers and Ford team jointly developed a set of computer simulation equipment, which can simulate the whole gearbox working condition of Le Mans race. The reason why the gearbox has always been a "drag" before is that on the one hand, the engine power and torque have risen sharply on the existing power system, and the gearbox has not had enough time to verify its reliability; On the other hand, at that time, the Le Mans race had to shift gears nearly 9000 times, and it was easy to go wrong after 24 hours of continuous high-intensity use on the Le Mans track, which tortured the car. (For example, in 1965, several P2 models sent by Ferrari failed to complete the race because of the gearbox).
Although this set of gearbox simulation equipment later became the standard equipment in the development of F1 racing cars, it was almost witchcraft at that time. Through computer signal transmission, every gear shift in the whole Le Mans race is actually simulated, and the gearbox is also connected to the engine to simulate the real racing situation.
The date of the duel between David and Gliath is approaching.
The Italians didn’t stand still at this time. In order to cope with Ford’s menacing challenge, Ferrari took out the P3 model that had just been produced. The streamlined body is even more exaggerated than GT40, and the height of 37.4inch (about 95 cm) is even lower than GT40. At that time, the top speed of GT40 was a little more than 210mile/h/h (about 338km/h), while the top speed of P3 was only 190mile/h/h (about 305.8km/h). However, Enzo was willing to sacrifice some top speed for lightness and flexibility, so that P3 control would be better without accidents in the narrow track, and it would be possible to refuel in P room less times.
(Ferrari P3, now worth more than 20 million pounds)
On June 18th, 1966, Ford brought the Armada-8 GT40, 20 tons of spare parts, and a team of top racers (Kim Myers, Bruce McLaren, etc.).
Ford II was invited as the opening guest of that year’s Le Mans Endurance Race. With the flag waving in his hand, the race officially started. At first, Ford relied on strong speed to gain the lead, but when the time came, Ferrari regained the first and second positions with more flexible maneuverability and fuel economy.
(Ford II waves the flag and the game begins)
On the contrary, Ford was asked to strictly implement the strategy of "drive carefully, don’t be reckless" because of the painful memory of "bow and snake shadow" However, one person in the team ignored this instruction, and Kim Myers decided to give it a shot, constantly setting a shocking lap record and regaining the leading position from Ferrari.
The next morning, when the morning sun shone on Le Mans, France, three P3 cars brought by Ferrari either broke down on the side of the road due to mechanical failure or had a serious accident and had to retire.
On the afternoon of June 19th, three GT40MK2s passed the finish line side by side with the cheers of the audience and all Ford people, and won the first, second and third place, and won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in France in 1966, which shattered Ferrari’s dream of winning six consecutive championships.
(In 1966, three GT40 cars crossed the line at the same time)
This is a great victory that goes down in history, and it is also the most unforgettable moment in the history of automobiles, and it is also the starting point for Ford’s glory.
“It was one terrific time， one that could never repeat again．” ——Carroll Shelby
postscript
Ford, who was on a roll, successively won the following three French 24-hour Le Mans Endurance Championship, but it is a pity that Kim Myers, who helped Ford win all these dazzling achievements, failed to witness the subsequent glory.
（GT40 J-Car）
After Mk2′ s total victory, Ford did not stop, but continued to improve its aerodynamics and chassis. Two months after the race, when the test car GT40 J-car was tested at Riverside International Raceway in Southern California, Myers died in an accident, and his son witnessed it by the track.
（Ken Miles）
What is even more regrettable is that in the Le Mans race in 1966, because the victory was already locked, Ford hoped that the three cars could cross the line together and let the reporter take this unforgettable scene, so Myers slowed down and waited for the other two cars to catch up before crossing the line together. However, although Miles’ car passed the finish line first, the organizer suddenly put forward an unknown rule. Because Bruce McLaren’s parking space was a distance behind Miles’ car, according to the total length, McLaren won the first place. As a result, Miles missed out on the "Grand Slam" of the three most influential events (Le Mans, Sebring and Daytona) in 1966.
After the death of Miles, the project was suspended for two months. After that, Ford introduced a brand-new model GT40 Mk4, which has a brand-new body, suspension and brakes compared with Mk2, and a new model with big tires and brakes. In Le Mans linear track, it can be 50mile/h/h faster than Mk2 (about 80.5km/h), and it also uses a 7.0-liter V8 engine equipped with Mk2. (6200 rpm in 1st gear can accelerate to 144.8km/h)
（GT40 Mk4）
In 1967, when many people thought that Ford only won the race by "luck" last year, Dan Gurney drove the GT40 Mk4 to cross the finish line again in the first place.
On the podium, Gurney had a whim, throwing a long-shaken bottle of champagne at the crowd and reporters, becoming the first person in the history of racing to make this celebration, and this habit has been "used" to this day.
(Gurney sprayed champagne on the crowd at the award ceremony in 1967)
After that, Ford decided to withdraw from Le Mans. On the one hand, Ford has proved its strength and achieved the expected goal. On the other hand, FIA announced a new rule in 1967, "The engine displacement of participating vehicles should not exceed 5 liters". Gurney once joked in an interview: "Europeans know that if they don’t change the rules, they can’t take the championship from the Americans."
However, in the 1968 and 1969 French 24 Hours Le Mans Endurance Race, John Wyer (team manager when Shelby won the Le Mans championship in Aston Martin in 1959, left Aston Martin in 1963, joined Ford in 1964 and participated in the research and development process of GT40) changed the model with Ford GT40 Mk1 (4.9-liter V8 engine) in the name of his own company (JW Automotive Engineering).
When the rules were changed again in 1969, GT40 completely withdrew from the 24-hour Le Mans race in France.
Nowadays, it is difficult to calculate how much Henry Ford II invested in this battle. Some experts speculate that according to today’s monetary value, Ford spent about 360 million pounds to teach Ferrari a lesson.
If there were no political reasons for Ferrari’s team management, which led to the replacement of Ferrari’s legendary driver John Sutis before the race in 1966, it might be hard to say whether it would be won or lost that year. If Kim Myers hadn’t died young two months after that victory, perhaps Ford would have won more glory in the racing world. If …
In fact, there are countless ifs, but we just need to remember that carote Shelby and Kim Myers have made indelible contributions in this great "battle", and there are still many people’s contributions in the GT40 project. Ford II is definitely a great figure in the history of automobiles …
“I want my legacy to be I want to make sure those people are recognized， they were pioneers．”——Carroll Shelby
More than 50 years have passed, and that embarrassing legend has left us not only a legendary GT40, but also a splendid automobile culture.
References:
Grand Tour Season 1 Episode 6.Ford VS Ferrari, which will be released in North America on November 15th, has not yet been set in China.Behind the Headlights documentary.The Carroll Shelby Story, the autobiography of Shelby.Interviews with Legendary Designers & Engineers, interview with Shelby on October 12, 1997.Racing in the blood: the story of the Ford GT40, website of Motoring Research.
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