分类： xiyu

　　At present, the discussion about artificial intelligence is in full swing, and in May, Google Go artificial intelligence "AlphaGo" will stage a "man-machine war" with China chess player Ke Jie, one of the strongest Go players in Zhejiang Wuzhen. Everyone is curious: will artificial intelligence be more powerful than human intelligence?

　　Before answering this question, we should understand the development status of artificial intelligence, explore the future development direction and prospects, and look at the "golden age" of artificial intelligence from a calm perspective.

　　— — Editor

　　A few days ago, at the CITE2017 Artificial Intelligence Industry Development Summit Forum held in Shenzhen, Liu Lihua, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that China has been at the forefront of the world in artificial intelligence (AI) technology research, and researchers and entrepreneurs in this field "stand at the forefront of the global tide". In the future, China has very valuable opportunities and prospects in this field.

　　Recently, the topic of artificial intelligence has not diminished, and the IT field even calls it. At what stage does artificial intelligence develop at present? Is it really powerful enough to challenge human intelligence? How should we treat the so-called artificial intelligence boom?

　　The golden age of artificial intelligence development has come.

　　"The recent achievements of artificial intelligence are really unexpected for more than a decade." Liu Tieyan, chief researcher of Microsoft Research Asia, believes that today is a "golden age" of artificial intelligence.

　　From the technical breakthrough of artificial intelligence, in terms of voice and image recognition, the level of computers has been similar to or even surpassed that of human beings in specific fields and categories. For example, in December last year, Microsoft released a new live translation function of Microsoft Translator (Microsoft Translation APP), which supports more than 50 languages and can realize real-time translation of up to 100 people in multiple languages. People from different countries can communicate with each other by using this APP with their mobile phones, say a word or enter words, and what they hear or see is each other’s mother tongue.

　　In addition, artificial intelligence has also made a breakthrough in the cognitive field that is traditionally considered difficult to be successful by machines. For example, when training artificial intelligence to play a game of knocking bricks, artificial intelligence found a very effective way to score after 120 minutes. After training for 240 minutes, it reached the level of "hardcore" players, and even discovered some tricks that human players did not find at ordinary times.

　　Shen Xiangyang, global executive vice president of Microsoft, and Li Yanhong, chairman and CEO of Baidu, have experienced the low tide of artificial intelligence development. When studying artificial intelligence in the 1990s, this course was considered to have no business prospects. "There are three main reasons why artificial intelligence is on fire today: a large amount of data on the Internet, powerful computing power, and breakthroughs in deep learning." Shen Xiangyang said that deep learning is one of the machine learning methods, and it is a way for computers to learn from the surrounding world or a specific example and become more intelligent. Li Yanhong said that with the development of the Internet, the data is getting richer and richer, the computing resources are getting cheaper and cheaper, and the breakthrough of deep learning in the past five or six years has laid the foundation for the development of artificial intelligence.

　　It will take a long time to really challenge people’s cognitive ability.

　　Although the development is in full swing, will artificial intelligence be smarter than human beings in the future? Nearly half a century’s research shows that machines have incomparable advantages in search, calculation, storage and optimization, but they can’t compete with humans in perception, reasoning, induction and learning.

　　"It will take a long time or even impossible for artificial intelligence to really challenge people’s cognitive ability. But when it can approach human beings, it will gradually subvert various industries. " For example, Li Yanhong said that the current airport security check needs to compare ID cards. When face recognition develops faster and faster, security check may be more intelligent and convenient. In the future, people don’t need to learn how to use tools, just tell them what to do.

　　"People are stupid, but the machine is more stupid. In the history of artificial intelligence, from the 1960s to the 1980s, people conducted rule-oriented artificial intelligence for the first time and finally failed. The second time, people handed the answer to the machine, but finally found that the machine still could not understand the world; Now is the third time, human beings put ‘ Routine ’ Teach the machine. " Wang Xiaochuan, CEO of sogou, believes that "artificial intelligence is still in a very early stage and it is impossible to replace human beings. Anxiety is completely unnecessary."

　　So, will artificial intelligence be by going up one flight of stairs on the current basis? In addition to the current commercial application-oriented research schools, scientists in the field of basic research are also trying to promote the progress of artificial intelligence through hybrid intelligence. This kind of hybrid intelligence connects biological intelligence and machine intelligence to create a more powerful intelligent form, which not only has the ability of environmental perception, memory, reasoning and learning of human agents, but also has the ability of information integration, search and calculation of machine agents. Ma Huateng, Chairman and CEO of Tencent, believes that the current artificial intelligence is confined to a relatively narrow field and belongs to a very limited skill simulation, but it is possible to realize general artificial intelligence in the next step.

　　Facing the upsurge, we need to look on coldly and respond positively.

　　At the just-concluded 2017 China (Shenzhen) IT Leaders Summit, some experts pointed out that no country in the world has artificial intelligence as extensive as China, from intelligent robots to intelligent medical care, intelligent security, smart homes and smart cities, to voice recognition, gesture control and autonomous driving, but the artificial intelligence platform built by top domestic Internet companies is still far behind Amazon and Google.

　　"The surface of domestic artificial intelligence looks very hot. In fact, if this magic tablecloth is unfolded, you will find that it is riddled with holes and all kinds of very basic problems have not been solved." In Liu Tieyan’s view, "it is more meaningful to calmly examine the nature of technology and escort the sustainable development of artificial intelligence."

　　Liu Tieyan said that from the historical experience, every rise of artificial intelligence is due to some advanced technological invention, and every time a bottleneck is encountered, it is because people’s expectations for artificial intelligence are too high, which exceeds the level that technology can achieve. This will lead to divestment, and researchers will not have enough funds to engage in research.

　　Although there are lessons of failure, many people are still optimistic about the future of artificial intelligence. "Artificial intelligence is a very big industry that will last for a long time and will develop rapidly in the next 20 to 50 years." Li Yanhong judged, "Under the tide of this era, not a company can do everything, but it is necessary to promote the development of the whole artificial intelligence technology together." Shen Xiangyang believes that in the future 5-mdash; In 10 years, the artificial intelligence in perception will rapidly progress to the level that can rival human intelligence, and computer voice and vision will even surpass people. In the longer term, every commercial application may be subverted by artificial intelligence.

　　How should China deal with the changes caused by artificial intelligence? Zhu Min, president of Tsinghua University National Finance Research Institute, believes that in this round of changes in artificial intelligence, China and the world are on the same starting line for the first time, and they also have corresponding capital, companies, technology and talents for the first time. Governments, enterprises and individuals should cherish the opportunity, participate in this great change and strive to lead this round of changes. Specifically, the government should fully understand the challenges and changes of artificial intelligence, cultivate the foundation and environment for the development of artificial intelligence, support basic research, and discuss, establish and develop the ethical standards of artificial intelligence; Enterprises can’t just stay in the product market, but also move down to be a platform and a foundation; Individuals must pay attention to the cultivation of artificial intelligence skills and improve their ability to understand data.

　　With the coming of summer, drinks to cool down and relieve summer heat have once again become people’s first choice. Natural coconut water is the "flow code" in the beverage industry in recent years. Not only do it often sell out of stock, but coffee, milk tea and other drinks made with coconut water often occupy the list of young people’s must-order. However, recently, some netizens discussed it hotly, because they bought coconuts that were opened in advance and drank coconut water inside, which caused discomfort. As a result, topics such as "Can you drink coconut water" and "Who is not suitable for drinking coconut water" have boarded the hot search.

　　Today, let’s take a look at the safety of coconut water, how to drink it is the healthiest, and who is the most suitable?

　　Drinking coconut water leads to vomiting, diarrhea and high fever?

　　The so-called coconut water is the clear liquid poured out from the coconut after it is cut open, which has a very light sweet taste and a unique natural flavor. Coconut water contains no fat, and the fat is all in the white coconut meat.

　　The reason why coconut water was on the hot search this time was because it brought some trouble. Netizens said that they bought a coconut with a pre-opened mouth and drank a few mouthfuls of coconut water, only to find that the coconut water was a little turbid. Then he felt dizzy and dizzy, and then he felt sick and vomited. After getting better, I didn’t go to the hospital for treatment, but I had a high fever the next day.

　　In fact, this high probability is caused by pathogenic bacteria or bacterial toxins in coconut water.

　　Originally, the coconut shell was tightly sealed to protect the coconut meat and coconut water inside and avoid the entry of external microorganisms. However, after opening, the coconut loses its sealability and will come into contact with the bacteria in the air and the bacteria on the opening tool.

　　Why is coconut after opening suitable for rapid propagation of microorganisms and bacteria?

　　Coconut water contains sugar, vitamins and minerals, which is suitable for rapid propagation of microorganisms. At the same time, coconut water, a "small fresh" fruit juice, has low acidity, and sugar and nutrients are directly dissolved in water instead of hidden in fruit cells, so its resistance to bacterial proliferation is too weak. It is weaker than orange juice, apple juice, tomato juice and other juices with certain acidity and polyphenols, so it is especially necessary to be careful.

　　If coconuts are stored at room temperature for a long time after opening, bacteria will multiply in large numbers, which may lead to bacterial food poisoning. Netizens found that the coconut water, which should have been clear, was a little turbid, which was the visual result caused by bacterial reproduction. This is exactly the same reason that egg soup, rice soup and noodle soup will go bad at room temperature.

　　Bacterial food poisoning may cause nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, physical weakness, dizziness and headache, and even chills and fever.

　　Because the body is weak after food poisoning, other harmful microorganisms may take advantage of it, and there may be inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and gums, or, as netizens have said, tonsils are in trouble again.

　　Deteriorated coconut water will produce mycotoxins?

　　Some people on the Internet say that the spoiled coconut water may produce Pseudomonas cocoanum, which will produce highly toxic mycotoxins. Because this case did not do microbial culture of coconut water samples, it is impossible to judge what kind of pathogenic bacteria or bacterial toxins caused the poisoning only by the symptoms.

　　It can only be said that coconut water contains carbohydrates. In an unsafe temperature environment, it can breed a variety of pathogenic bacteria and may also produce a variety of toxins, which cannot be prevented.

　　In a word, coconuts opened in advance have food safety risks. Consumers had better buy the whole coconut directly, and it is safer to ask the clerk or stall owner to open it at that time after buying it. It should be refrigerated immediately after opening, even if it is refrigerated, it is best to eat it on the same day. Eating coconut meat is the same.

　　Why can packaged coconut water be stored at room temperature?

　　100% coconut aquatic products on the market are sterilized and packaged. The bacteria inside have been killed, and the packaging outside is sealed, so microorganisms can’t get in, so it can be safely stored at room temperature for a long time before it is opened.

　　However, once opened, bacteria can enter, which is no longer safe and must be drunk as soon as possible.

　　What should I do if I don’t finish the coconut water in a big package at one time?

　　What if the package of coconut water is too big to drink at one time? Then pour out a part of it and drink it first. The rest of the box should be covered immediately and put back in the refrigerator for refrigeration. Never drink with your mouth to the bottle mouth, which will cause serious bacterial pollution. Even if it is refrigerated, it can’t last long. It is recommended to drink it all within 24 hours.

　　Not only coconut water, but also other liquid foods, such as milk, juice and drinks, need to be refrigerated in time after opening. How long it can be stored in the refrigerator depends on the product characteristics and sterilization process.

　　Generally speaking, products with particularly high acidity have slow microbial proliferation, such as lemon juice, cola, orange juice, etc., and they may not be spoiled or moldy even after being refrigerated for 48 hours.

　　Those drinks with low acidity should not be refrigerated for more than 24 hours in most cases.

　　Who is suitable for drinking coconut water?

　　Coconut water is not rich in various vitamins, but it is particularly rich in potassium, and the potassium content per 100 grams can be as high as more than 200 mg, while the sodium content is relatively low, with a small amount of calcium and magnesium. At the same time, the sugar content is still relatively low, only 3% to 6%, which is in line with the standard of low-sugar drinks (the sugar content in 100 ml is less than 5 g).

　　Because the osmotic pressure is not high and the sugar content is low, coconut water is a good hydrating drink. For northerners, compared with buying coconuts directly, it is more cost-effective to buy a large box of coconut water at a discount and drink it with the whole family.

　　Because of its high potassium content, low sugar content and low calories, coconut water is more suitable for patients with hyperuricemia and hypertension than other juices. Coconut water is also a good thing for people who eat too much salt, or too much meat, lack of fruits and vegetables, and imbalance of potassium and sodium.

　　If you add a little salt and some water, coconut water can also be used as a sports drink. If you drink it directly, because potassium is high and sodium is low, it is not enough to make up for the loss of sodium after sweating a lot.

　　However, people with kidney disease who need to limit potassium can’t drink a lot of coconut water.

　　Coconut water does not have the aroma of coconut meat, but the aroma is in fat. Coconut meat is emulsified and mixed with coconut water, or without coconut water, white water is added directly, and some sugar and emulsifier are added, which is the daily coconut milk.

　　There is no doubt that all milky drinks contain fat. This is true for milk, soy milk, peanut milk, walnut milk, and coconut milk. Milky white is the optical effect after fat emulsification. Therefore, milk-white coconut milk drinks, or coconut milk products used to mix desserts and drinks, have much higher calories than coconut water, and saturated fat accounts for about half of its fat. The aroma and taste are great, but the nutritional value of protein and vitamins is much lower than that of milk and soybean milk.

　　Text/Fan Zhihong (director of China Nutrition Society, chief expert of science communication hired by China Association for Science and Technology)

　　Translucent snail

　　Pink dolphin

　　Xiaoyu Wa Kanda

　　Tapanuli orangutan

　　Long tail dwarf lemur

　　Puji horned lizard

　　Minimum frog

　　Silver-backed musk deer

　　Small-pointed raccoon

　　Wannunu rat

　　Frontiers of science and technology

　　The earth is full of novel life forms, most of which we humans don’t know. A study in 2011 estimated that scientists had not identified 86% species on land and 91% species in the ocean.

　　Every year, scientists go to remote mountain forests and go deep into the deepest part of the ocean to find new animals. They find strange creatures in extreme environments and unknown mammals in ordinary places. In the past ten years, scientists have discovered many interesting animals, from the giant mouse to the smallest frog in the world.

　　Text/Guangzhou Daily All-Media Reporter Wen Junhua compiled

　　Translucent snail

　　In one of the deepest cave systems in the world, scientists have discovered a new translucent snail. This new species, Zospeum tholussum, lives 980 meters underground in the Lukina Jama-Trojama cave system in Croatia. Because there is no light so far below the surface of the earth, the little snail doesn’t need vision.

　　Pink dolphin

　　Through DNA testing, scientists found a new pink dolphin in the Araguaya River basin of Amazon. According to National Geographic, the dolphin in Aragua Bay is the first new species of dolphin discovered in a century.

　　Xiaoyu Wa Kanda

　　Researchers have discovered an African fish with shiny purple scales and named it Wa Kanda, a fictional home in Marvel Comics Black Panther. Its deep purple scales are arranged in a chain, which reminds scientists of the high-tech battle suit worn by the superhero Panther.

　　The rarest species of Tapanuli orangutan

　　In 2017, researchers announced that the newly discovered Tapanuli orangutan is the seventh known species of apes and the rarest species in the world. At present, there are only about 800 Tapanuli orangutans left on the earth, and they are threatened by hunting and habitat loss.

　　"Apes are one of the most studied species in the world. If we can still find new species in this category after 200 years of biological research, does it mean that more new information needs to be discovered about other species that we ignore? " Environmental protection scientist Eric megard said.

　　Long tail dwarf lemur

　　Another lovely arboreal animal, the long-tailed dwarf lemur, is smaller than a squirrel. It is the only known primate that hibernates for a long time. In order to prepare for seven months’ sleep, these animals will gobble up fruits and flowers and store 40% of their body fat in their tails.

　　Previously, the last dwarf lemur died in 1875, and since then, people have never seen their whereabouts, so they were also classified as extinct animals, and later they were found in Madagascar.

　　Puji horned lizard

　　Some newly discovered creatures are not so cute. Phuket horned lizard is a kind of forest lizard, which lives in Phuket in southwest Thailand. Although it looks fierce, it feeds on insects and is harmless to human beings.

　　The smallest frog: smaller than a dime

　　A frog smaller than a dime was found in the rain forest of New Guinea in 2012. It is the smallest vertebrate in the world. This frog is only 7.7 mm long on average, lives in southern Papua New Guinea and feeds on invertebrates like mites.

　　"People keep finding smaller and smaller frogs, which is really amazing." Robin Moore, an amphibian expert, said, "They are adapting and filling an area that no other species can fill."

　　Silver-backed musk deer

　　In the forests of Vietnam, scientists discovered the long-lost silverback musk deer in November. Although strictly speaking, this is not a newly discovered species, environmentalists have worried that the silverback musk deer has become extinct.

　　Small-pointed raccoon

　　The little pointed-nosed raccoon is the smallest member of the known raccoon family and was found by scientists in the cloud forest of Ecuador. "The era of discovery is not over yet." Helgen, director of the Mammal Museum of the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, told National Geographic at the time, "In 2013, we discovered this spectacular and beautiful animal, and there will be more discoveries in the future."

　　Wannunu rat

　　The local people in Solomon Islands have been talking about a kind of coconut-eating, nearly 2-Jin-long Wannu mouse, but no scientists have ever confirmed its existence. Until 2017, a big mouse fell from a tree cut down by a lumberjack to a park ranger.

　　"This is the first mouse found in Solomon in 80 years, and people have not tried it — — It’s just hard to find. " Lavery, the first mammal scientist to identify the species through DNA analysis, said.

　　Because of the development of logging industry, scientists think that this kind of mouse is on the verge of extinction. The mouse that Lavery found in the fallen tree died soon. "For this mouse, if we don’t find it now, it may never be found." He said. "The area where it was found is one of the only remaining uncultivated forest areas."

　　Cctv newsAt 8 o’clock every day, CCTV will sort out the big and small things that happened around us within 24 hours.

　　Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Take countermeasures against the Hudson Institute, Reagan Library and their leaders.

　　The Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council announced that it would punish the relevant organizations that promoted "Taiwan independence".

　　The Ministry of Public Security launched 10 measures to facilitate the development of public security traffic control services and mass services.

　　In 2022, the overall economic scale of China’s performance market will be 24.36 billion yuan.

　　State Post Bureau: It is recommended to fully encrypt the personal information of express delivery and standardize the reading rights.

　　China successfully launched the Hyperbolic No.1 commercial launch vehicle.

　　Central Meteorological Observatory: Cold air will affect frequently in the next ten days, and dusty weather will come back on the 9th.

　　The largest single container ship order in history! CSSC received 16 orders from CMA, France: the amount exceeded 21 billion yuan.

　　UNICEF appeals for assistance to 2.5 million earthquake-affected children in Turkey.

　　A small plane crashed in Florida, USA, and the bodies of four victims have been found.

　　Swedish prosecutor: The culprit of the "Beixi" explosion is most likely a "gang initiated by the state".

　　India is now a terrible "living sacrifice": a 60-year-old woman was beheaded and 12 people were involved.

　　Extreme snowstorm swept through Canada: two people died and more than one million people lost power.

　　The US Zoo will hold a farewell party for the panda Yaya: it will stay in the park until the end of April.

　　The latest research: the maternal mortality rate in the United States shows racial differences, and blacks are more than three times that of whites.

　　Stealing holes in the bathroom! Two thieves in America stole 436 mobile phones from Apple Store.

　　The president of a supermarket in Canada gave himself a raise, and consumers were dissatisfied: profiteering through people’s suffering.

　　Zhan Jianhua, a "Hongtong personnel" in the field of state-owned enterprises who fled for 26 years, was arrested and brought to justice.

　　The first-instance judgment of the case related to the incident of "giving birth to eight children in Fengxian County": Dong Zhimin was sentenced to nine years in prison.

　　5 people were killed and 8 injured in the Dalian 5.22 car crash, and the criminal Dong Liu was executed.

　　State Administration for Market Regulation, Longwan District, Wenzhou City reported that "the woman had a dispute with the shop assistant and threatened to expose her uniform": it has been severely criticized.

　　The second trial of Chongqing’s brother and sister’s death case: Zhang Bo and Ye Chengchen retracted their confessions in court, and the prosecution gave evidence to refute them.

　　The police informed the network that China Electric Power Department had worked overtime: the chat record was fabricated and Chen Mou Long was administratively detained.

　　The organizer responded that the billiard champion was packed in 5 million sacks: pre-tax bonus, paper money as display, and actual remittance settlement.

　　Before the "May 1" holiday domestic tour orders have tied the epidemic situation, the 11,450 yuan hotel suite in Erhai was booked.

　　Professional beggars were listed at the entrance of Chengdu Wenshu Hospital, and security guards used loudspeakers to remind citizens not to give alms.

　　The Education Bureau of Dawu County, Xiaogan, Hubei Province informed the teachers to slap the students with their hands in turn: they were suspended and demoted.

　　Every day, 10,000 people use plug-ins to play the mobile game "Ball Battle", and Shanghai Netan captured a five-person gang.

　　This business should be cautious.

　　— — Guangming. com commented on "Delivery Room Shooting ‘ Microfilm ’ "

　　On April 7th, advection fog appeared on the surface of Carbon Valley Lake Wetland Park in Huaibei, Anhui Province, and the urban buildings were partially covered in fog.

　　Cocoa loves love! Five new black swan babies were added to Dadukou Park in Chongqing.

　　Sean, the "Twister Boy", stood up for the first time with the help of bionic exoskeleton. This teenager, who was born with osteogenesis imperfecta (also known as brittle bone disease), has been using a twisted car to walk instead of walking, fighting his fate with strong will. With the support of the teacher, he and his classmates formed a team and designed a set of human lower limb exoskeleton prototype as an auxiliary device for walking and standing. "Dare to teach cold mountain blade, not against me as a sword. Finally, I still stood up! " After standing up, Sean shared his joy on social media.

　　See you at 8 o’clock tomorrow!

　　Editor in charge: Dai Mengmeng

　　Editor: Su Xuan